{"id":3735,"date":"2021-04-22T13:25:20","date_gmt":"2021-04-22T13:25:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=3735"},"modified":"2021-04-23T17:34:05","modified_gmt":"2021-04-23T17:34:05","slug":"serhljodsbrottfall-i-aherslulausum-atkvaedum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2021\/04\/22\/serhljodsbrottfall-i-aherslulausum-atkvaedum\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0sbrottfall \u00ed \u00e1herslulausum atkv\u00e6\u00f0um"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cd \u00edslensku gildir s\u00fa meginregla um tv\u00edkv\u00e6\u00f0 \u00f3samsett or\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00e1herslulausa s\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0ru atkv\u00e6\u00f0i fellur brott ef beygingarending or\u00f0sins hefst \u00e1 s\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0i. \u00deetta \u00e1 einkum vi\u00f0 or\u00f0 me\u00f0 vi\u00f0skeytum eins og <em>-all<\/em>, <em>-ill <\/em>og <em>-ull<\/em>, en einnig \u00fdmis fleiri. \u00deannig segjum vi\u00f0 <em>ham<strong>a<\/strong>r<\/em>, <em>ham<strong>a<\/strong>r-s<\/em>, en <em>hamr-i<\/em>, <em>hamr-ar<\/em>, <em>hamr-a<\/em>, <em>h\u00f6mr-um<\/em>; <em>j\u00f6k<strong>u<\/strong>l-l<\/em>, <em>j\u00f6k<strong>u<\/strong>l-s<\/em>, en <em>j\u00f6kl-i<\/em>, <em>j\u00f6kl-ar<\/em>, <em>j\u00f6kl-a<\/em>, <em>j\u00f6kl-um<\/em>; <em>hef<strong>i<\/strong>l-l<\/em>, <em>hef<strong>i<\/strong>l-s<\/em>, en <em>hefl-i<\/em>, <em>hefl-ar<\/em>, <em>hefl-a<\/em>, <em>hefl-um<\/em>; <em>h\u00f6f<strong>u<\/strong>\u00f0<\/em>, <em>h\u00f6f<strong>u<\/strong>\u00f0-s<\/em>, en <em>h\u00f6f\u00f0-i<\/em>, <em>h\u00f6f\u00f0-um<\/em>, <em>h\u00f6f\u00f0-a<\/em>; <em>gam<strong>a<\/strong>n<\/em>, <em>gam<strong>a<\/strong>n-s<\/em>, en <em>gamn-i<\/em>; o.s.frv.<\/p>\n<p>\u00deetta brottfall getur s\u00ed\u00f0an leitt til \u00fdmissa annarra hlj\u00f3\u00f0breytinga \u00ed or\u00f0unum. \u00deegar <em>a<\/em>-i\u00f0 \u00ed seinna atkv\u00e6\u00f0inu fellur brott \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gufalli fleirt\u00f6lu af <em>ham<strong>a<\/strong>r<\/em> lei\u00f0ir \u00fea\u00f0 til \u00feess a\u00f0 fyrra <em>a<\/em>-i\u00f0 breytist \u00ed <em>\u00f6<\/em>, <em>h<strong>\u00f6<\/strong>mrum<\/em>, vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 <em>u<\/em>-i\u00f0 \u00ed endingunni er \u00fe\u00e1 \u00ed n\u00e6sta atkv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00e1 eftir. \u00deegar <em>u<\/em>-i\u00f0 fellur brott \u00ed seinna atkv\u00e6\u00f0i <em>j\u00f6k<strong>u<\/strong>ll <\/em>lenda <em>k<\/em> og <em>l<\/em> saman og \u00fe\u00e1 kemur fram svokalla\u00f0ur a\u00f0bl\u00e1stur (<em>h<\/em>-hlj\u00f3\u00f0). \u00deegar <em>i<\/em> fellur brott \u00ed seinna atkv\u00e6\u00f0i <em>hef<strong>i<\/strong>ll <\/em>koma <em>f<\/em> (<em>v<\/em>) og <em>l<\/em> saman og \u00fe\u00e1 breytist \u00f6nghlj\u00f3\u00f0 \u00ed lokhlj\u00f3\u00f0 \u2013 <em>v<\/em> ver\u00f0ur <em>b<\/em>. \u00ddmis fleiri d\u00e6mi m\u00e6tti nefna.<\/p>\n<p>Brottfallsreglan er \u00fe\u00f3 ekki undantekningarlaus. \u00c1\u00f0ur fyrr voru \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0eins s\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0in <em>a<\/em>, <em>i<\/em> og <em>u<\/em> sem g\u00e1tu komi\u00f0 fyrir \u00ed \u00e1herslulausum atkv\u00e6\u00f0um, og \u00fea\u00f0 eru einu hlj\u00f3\u00f0in sem \u00feetta brottfall verkar \u00e1. N\u00fa eru \u00ed m\u00e1linu \u00fdmis t\u00f6kuor\u00f0 sem hafa \u00f6nnur s\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0 \u00ed \u00e1herslulausum atkv\u00e6\u00f0um \u00f3samsettra or\u00f0a, og \u00feau hlj\u00f3\u00f0 falla ekki brott \u00fe\u00f3tt ending hefjist \u00e1 s\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0i. Fleirtala or\u00f0sins <em>m\u00f3t<strong>o<\/strong>r <\/em>er \u00feannig <em>m\u00f3t<strong>o<\/strong>r-ar<\/em>, ekki *<em>m\u00f3tr-ar<\/em>, fleirtala or\u00f0sins <em>lag<strong>e<\/strong>r<\/em> er <em>lag<strong>e<\/strong>r-ar<\/em>, ekki *<em>lagr-ar<\/em>, \u00fe\u00e1gufall eint\u00f6lu af <em>kort<strong>e<\/strong>r<\/em> er <em>kort<strong>e<\/strong>r-i<\/em>, ekki *<em>kortr-i<\/em>, og svo m\u00e6tti lengi telja.<\/p>\n<p>En undantekningarnar eru fleiri. Fleirtalan af <em>bik<strong>a<\/strong>r<\/em> er ekki *<em>bikr-ar<\/em> eins og b\u00faast m\u00e6tti vi\u00f0, heldur <em>bik<strong>a<\/strong>r-ar<\/em>, \u00fe\u00e1gufalli\u00f0 af <em>gj\u00f6f<strong>u<\/strong>l-l<\/em> er ekki *<em>gj\u00f6fl-an<\/em>, heldur <em>gj\u00f6f<strong>u<\/strong>l-an<\/em>, \u00fe\u00e1gufall nafnanna <em>Gunn<strong>a<\/strong>r <\/em>og <em>Kjart<strong>a<\/strong>n <\/em>er <em>Gunn<strong>a<\/strong>r-i<\/em> og <em>Kjart<strong>a<\/strong>n-i<\/em>, o.fl. \u00cd sumum tilvikum vir\u00f0ist \u00fe\u00e1gufallsendingunni <em>-i<\/em> sleppt og \u00fe\u00e1gufall haft eins og \u00feolfalli\u00f0 til a\u00f0 for\u00f0ast myndir \u00fear sem brottfall \u00e6tti a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a. \u00deannig er \u00fe\u00e1gufalli\u00f0 af <em>pip<strong>a<\/strong>r<\/em> alltaf <em>pip<strong>a<\/strong>r<\/em>, ekki *<em>pipr-i<\/em>, og \u00fe\u00e1gufall nafnanna <em>Hug<strong>i<\/strong>n-n <\/em>og <em>Mun<strong>i<\/strong>n-n<\/em> er <em>Hug<strong>i<\/strong>n <\/em>og <em>Mun<strong>i<\/strong>n<\/em>, ekki *<em>Hugn-i<\/em> og *<em>Munn<\/em>-<em>i<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dea\u00f0 er ekki alltaf au\u00f0velt a\u00f0 sk\u00fdra \u00feessar undantekningar. \u00de\u00f3 er lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 brottfalli\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur miklu s\u00ed\u00f0ur \u00ed t\u00f6kuor\u00f0um \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 vi\u00f0 um <em>m\u00f3tor<\/em>, <em>lager<\/em>, <em>korter<\/em>, <em>bikar<\/em>, <em>pipar<\/em> og m\u00f6rg fleiri. Einnig er sennilegt a\u00f0 brottfall ver\u00f0i s\u00ed\u00f0ur \u00ed sjaldg\u00e6fari or\u00f0um en algengum, \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00fdmis d\u00e6mi s\u00e9u vissulega um brottfall \u00ed sjaldg\u00e6fum or\u00f0um. Einhver tilhneiging vir\u00f0ist l\u00edka vera til a\u00f0 for\u00f0ast brottfall ef \u00fea\u00f0 ylli samhlj\u00f3\u00f0abreytingum \u00ed stofni, eins og \u00fea\u00f0 myndi gera \u00ed or\u00f0um eins og <em>gj\u00f6full<\/em>, <em>hugull<\/em>, <em>spurull<\/em> o.fl.<\/p>\n<p>Brottfall ver\u00f0ur samt oft \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00fea\u00f0 valdi samhlj\u00f3\u00f0abreytingum, eins og d\u00e6mi voru nefnd um h\u00e9r a\u00f0 framan. En \u00feegar Or\u00f0anefnd rafmagnsverkfr\u00e6\u00f0inga var a\u00f0 velta fyrir s\u00e9r \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu or\u00f0sins <em>dynamo<\/em> h\u00f6f\u00f0u komi\u00f0 fram tv\u00e6r till\u00f6gur \u2013 <em>rafall<\/em> og <em>rafali<\/em>. Nefndin \u00e1kva\u00f0 a\u00f0 m\u00e6la fremur me\u00f0 veiku myndinni <em>rafali<\/em> \u00fe\u00f3tt sterka myndin <em>rafall<\/em> v\u00e6ri algengari. <a href=\"https:\/\/timarit.is\/page\/5823877?iabr=on#page\/n5\">\u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0an<\/a> var s\u00fa a\u00f0 nefndin vildi komast hj\u00e1 \u00feeirra hlj\u00f3\u00f0breytingu sem ver\u00f0ur \u00ed beygingu <em>rafall<\/em>, \u00fear sem <em>b<\/em> kemur \u00ed sta\u00f0 <em>v<\/em> \u00ed myndum \u00fear sem brottfall ver\u00f0ur og frambur\u00f0urinn yr\u00f0i \u00fev\u00ed <em>rabli <\/em>sem \u00fe\u00f3tti \u00f3\u00e6skilegt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cd \u00edslensku gildir s\u00fa meginregla um tv\u00edkv\u00e6\u00f0 \u00f3samsett or\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00e1herslulausa s\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0ru atkv\u00e6\u00f0i fellur brott ef beygingarending or\u00f0sins hefst \u00e1 s\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0i. \u00deetta \u00e1 einkum vi\u00f0 or\u00f0 me\u00f0 vi\u00f0skeytum eins og -all, -ill og -ull, en einnig \u00fdmis fleiri. \u00deannig segjum vi\u00f0 hamar, hamar-s, en hamr-i, hamr-ar, hamr-a, h\u00f6mr-um; j\u00f6kul-l, j\u00f6kul-s, en j\u00f6kl-i, j\u00f6kl-ar, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3735","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3735","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3735"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3735\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3737,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3735\/revisions\/3737"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3735"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3735"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3735"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}