{"id":4104,"date":"2022-02-03T08:00:08","date_gmt":"2022-02-03T08:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=4104"},"modified":"2022-04-23T13:49:36","modified_gmt":"2022-04-23T13:49:36","slug":"einelti-og-einelta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2022\/02\/03\/einelti-og-einelta\/","title":{"rendered":"Einelti og a\u00f0 einelta"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>einelti <\/em>er mj\u00f6g algengt \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li og kemur fyrir \u00ed \u00fdmsum samb\u00f6ndum \u2013 tala\u00f0 er um <em>alvarlegt einelti<\/em>, <em>gr\u00f3ft einelti<\/em>, <em>miki\u00f0 einelti<\/em>, <em>ver\u00f0a fyrir einelti<\/em>, <em>\u00feola einelti<\/em>, <em>beita einelti<\/em>, <em>gerendur eineltis<\/em>, <em>\u00feolendur eineltis<\/em>, <em>f\u00f3rnarl\u00f6mb eineltis<\/em> og margt fleira. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 er gamalt \u00ed m\u00e1linu en lengst af kom \u00fea\u00f0 n\u00e6r eing\u00f6ngu fyrir \u00ed sambandinu <em>leggja \u00ed einelti<\/em>. Undantekningar eru \u00f6rf\u00e1ar, t.d. \u201e\u00fe\u00e1 finst m\u00e9r \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 \u00e1telja ver\u00f0lagsnefndina, fyrir alveg \u00f3skiljanleg mist\u00f6k og einkennilegt einelti vi\u00f0 mj\u00f3lkurs\u00f6luver\u00f0i\u00f0\u201c \u00ed <em>Landinu<\/em> 1916 og \u201e\u00deetta var upphaf eineltis, sem \u00e1tti eftir a\u00f0 taka \u00e1 sig \u00e6 \u00edskyggilegri mynd\u201c \u00ed <em>Morgunbla\u00f0inu<\/em> 1969. D\u00e6mi eru um a\u00f0 <em>einelti <\/em>s\u00e9 haft \u00ed kvenkyni, og <a href=\"http:\/\/ritmalssafn.arnastofnun.is\/daemi\/86760\">kvenkynsmyndin<\/a> <em>einelta<\/em> kemur einnig fyrir \u00ed f\u00e1einum g\u00f6mlum d\u00e6mum, \u00fe. \u00e1 m. <a href=\"https:\/\/onp.ku.dk\/onp\/onp.php?o94760\">einu<\/a> fr\u00e1 um 1500.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c1ri\u00f0 1975 lag\u00f0i Halld\u00f3r Halld\u00f3rsson pr\u00f3fessor til a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>einelti<\/em> yr\u00f0i teki\u00f0 upp sem \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ing \u00e1 <em>interception<\/em> \u00ed flugm\u00e1li, og <a href=\"https:\/\/idordabanki.arnastofnun.is\/faersla\/330046?fbclid=IwAR1lUafVTWyhGLMD8EMSmR8i3msGbZoxDLPHE0BSfqW3rdoFpWPKjRy7nlk\">s\u00fa merking<\/a> or\u00f0sins er gefin \u00ed <em>Flugor\u00f0asafni<\/em> (\u00ed <em>\u00cd\u00f0or\u00f0abankanum<\/em>). Um \u00feessa till\u00f6gu <a href=\"https:\/\/timarit.is\/page\/2726214?iabr=on&amp;fbclid=IwAR1VXAvTaM0CPIgSTukmdc-Xvej5QEYeBJixHHGisJ933hWxLlC7t66Eeu4#page\/n15\/\">sag\u00f0i<\/a> hann: \u201e\u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e1 vera, a\u00f0 sumum vir\u00f0ist \u00fea\u00f0 fur\u00f0udjarft a\u00f0 taka or\u00f0, sem a\u00f0eins er nota\u00f0 \u00ed einu or\u00f0asambandi, \u00ed \u00feessu tilviki <em>a\u00f0 leggja einhvern \u00ed einelti<\/em>, og gefa \u00fev\u00ed n\u00fdja merkingu. \u00c9g skil \u00feetta sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0 vel, en er \u00fe\u00f3 ekkert hr\u00e6ddur vi\u00f0 sl\u00edkar n\u00fdmyndanir. [\u2026] Vi\u00f0 n\u00fdyr\u00f0amyndun ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 beita flestum tilt\u00e6kum r\u00e1\u00f0um. Or\u00f0 \u00far or\u00f0t\u00f6kum eru a\u00f0 \u00feessu leyti enginn helgur d\u00f3mur.\u201c Halld\u00f3r hef\u00f0i varla lagt \u00feetta til ef or\u00f0i\u00f0 hef\u00f0i \u00fe\u00e1 veri\u00f0 fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 brei\u00f0ast \u00fat \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0rum samb\u00f6ndum en me\u00f0 <em>leggja<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>En um e\u00f0a r\u00e9tt fyrir 1980 var or\u00f0i\u00f0 sliti\u00f0 fr\u00e1 s\u00f6gninni <em>leggja<\/em> og fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 nota \u00fea\u00f0 sem \u00ed\u00f0or\u00f0 \u00ed uppeldisfr\u00e6\u00f0i og fleiri greinum sem samsv\u00f6run vi\u00f0 <em>mobbing<\/em> (e\u00f0a <em>bullying<\/em>) \u00e1 ensku. \u00cd <em>Dagbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1981 segir \u201e\u00de\u00e1 er sagt a\u00f0 fj\u00f6lskylda hans hafi hj\u00e1lpa\u00f0 honum a\u00f0 byggja upp \u00feennan blekkingavef \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed skyni a\u00f0 losa hann \u00far eineltinu\u201c, og \u00ed <em>T\u00edmariti M\u00e1ls og menningar<\/em> 1982 segir \u201eEinar Hj\u00f6rleifsson skrifa\u00f0i um einelti og str\u00ed\u00f0ni \u00ed sk\u00f3lanum\u201c. \u00cd <em>NT<\/em> hausti\u00f0 1984 er opnugrein sem heitir \u201eEr barni\u00f0 \u00feitt beitt ofbeldi \u00ed sk\u00f3lanum?\u201c og \u00fear kemur or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>einelti<\/em> fyrir \u00ed \u00fdmsum samb\u00f6ndum \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 er greinilega komi\u00f0 \u00ed umfer\u00f0 sem \u00ed\u00f0or\u00f0. D\u00e6mum um or\u00f0i\u00f0 fer svo mj\u00f6g \u00f6rt fj\u00f6lgandi \u00e1 t\u00edunda \u00e1ratugnum og einkum \u00e1 \u00feessari \u00f6ld.<\/p>\n<p>Stundum breg\u00f0ur s\u00f6gninni <em>einelta<\/em> einnig fyrir. Elsta d\u00e6mi\u00f0 um hana er \u00ed \u201eR\u00f6kfr\u00e6\u00f0i\u201c Arnlj\u00f3ts \u00d3lafssonar \u00ed <em>T\u00edmariti Hins \u00edslenzka b\u00f3kmentaf\u00e9lags<\/em> 1891, en merkingin er \u00fear nokku\u00f0 \u00f6nnur en \u00ed nafnor\u00f0inu. En \u00ed <em>\u00cdslendingi<\/em> 1919 segir \u201eVir\u00f0ist ekkert anna\u00f0 m\u00e1l komast a\u00f0 hj\u00e1 Degi sj\u00e1lfum, \u00feegar hann er a\u00f0 einelta Bj\u00f6rn L\u00edndal\u201c. \u00dearna merkir s\u00f6gnin greinilega 'leggja \u00ed einelti'. Sama m\u00e1li gegnir um d\u00e6mi \u00far <em>Neista<\/em> 1950: \u201eEin af starfsa\u00f0fer\u00f0um komm\u00fanista er a\u00f0 einelta forystumenn Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ufl.\u201c, og \u00far <em>Lesb\u00f3k Morgunbla\u00f0sins<\/em> 1963: \u201eHann eineltir okkur \u2014 andskotinn!\u201c F\u00e1ein d\u00e6mi eru svo fr\u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu 30 \u00e1rum, eftir notkun nafnor\u00f0sins <em>einelti <\/em>j\u00f3kst. Halld\u00f3r Halld\u00f3rsson stakk reyndar upp \u00e1 s\u00f6gninni <em>einelta<\/em> sem \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu \u00e1 <em>intercept<\/em> \u00e1ri\u00f0 1975 en s\u00fa tillaga vir\u00f0ist ekki hafa hloti\u00f0 hlj\u00f3mgrunn.<\/p>\n<p>En s\u00f6gnin <em>einelta <\/em>er sjaldg\u00e6f enn sem komi\u00f0 er og kemur m\u00f6rgum sp\u00e1nskt fyrir sj\u00f3nir eins og a\u00f0rar n\u00fdjungar \u00ed m\u00e1li. Stundum er h\u00fan kennd vi\u00f0 barnam\u00e1l: \u201eEinelti er svo miki\u00f0 r\u00e6tt \u00ed sk\u00f3lunum a\u00f0 b\u00f6rnin hafa m\u00f6rg hver gert nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 s\u00f6gn og hafa \u00f3f\u00e1ir kennarar brosa\u00f0 \u00ed laumi yfir or\u00f0avali nemenda sinna sem segja \u201eHann var a\u00f0 einelta hana\u201c\u201c segir \u00ed <em>Fr\u00e9ttat\u00edmanum <\/em>2012. En ekki ver\u00f0ur s\u00e9\u00f0 a\u00f0 neitt s\u00e9 athugavert vi\u00f0 \u00feessa s\u00f6gn. Samsettar sagnir me\u00f0 -<em>elta<\/em> sem s\u00ed\u00f0ari li\u00f0 eru til \u00ed m\u00e1linu, s.s. <em>hundelta<\/em>. \u00dev\u00ed er l\u00edka oft haldi\u00f0 fram a\u00f0 \u00edslenska s\u00e9 \u201esagnam\u00e1l\u201c, og betra s\u00e9 a\u00f0 nota eina s\u00f6gn en samband sagnar og nafnor\u00f0s ef \u00feess er kostur \u2013 tala um a\u00f0 <em>kanna<\/em> frekar en <em>gera k\u00f6nnun<\/em>, <em>rannsaka <\/em>frekar en <em>framkv\u00e6ma ranns\u00f3kn<\/em>, o.s.frv. \u00c9g er ekki a\u00f0 leggja til a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 h\u00e6ttum a\u00f0 tala um a\u00f0 <em>leggja \u00ed einelti<\/em> \u2013 en er ekki \u00e1g\u00e6tt a\u00f0 eiga kost \u00e1 a\u00f0 nota s\u00f6gnina <em>einelta <\/em>\u00ed sta\u00f0inn?<\/p>\n<p>Einnig veltir f\u00f3lk stundum fyrir s\u00e9r hva\u00f0a or\u00f0 s\u00e9 heppilegt a\u00f0 nota um gerendur eineltis. \u00ddmis or\u00f0 hafa veri\u00f0 notu\u00f0, s.s.\u00a0<em>hrekkjusv\u00edn<\/em>,\u00a0<em>tuddi<\/em>,\u00a0<em>eineltishrotti<\/em> o.s.frv. en \u00ed lj\u00f3si \u00feess a\u00f0\u00a0<em>einelti\u00a0<\/em>er n\u00fa nota\u00f0 sem \u00ed\u00f0or\u00f0 eins og \u00e1\u00f0ur segir v\u00e6ri heppilegt a\u00f0 eiga kost \u00e1 a\u00f0 nota \u00ed\u00f0or\u00f0 sem svarar n\u00e1kv\u00e6mlega til \u00feess um gerendur. \u00c9g hef stungi\u00f0 upp \u00e1 or\u00f0inu\u00a0<em>eineltir<\/em>. \u00dea\u00f0 er lipurt og hefur sk\u00fdr tengsl vi\u00f0\u00a0<em>einelti<\/em>. \u00cd almennu m\u00e1li er au\u00f0vita\u00f0 h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 halda \u00e1fram a\u00f0 nota\u00a0<em>hrekkjusv\u00edn<\/em> og \u00f6nnur or\u00f0 sem \u00e1\u00f0ur er v\u00edsa\u00f0 til.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Or\u00f0i\u00f0 einelti er mj\u00f6g algengt \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li og kemur fyrir \u00ed \u00fdmsum samb\u00f6ndum \u2013 tala\u00f0 er um alvarlegt einelti, gr\u00f3ft einelti, miki\u00f0 einelti, ver\u00f0a fyrir einelti, \u00feola einelti, beita einelti, gerendur eineltis, \u00feolendur eineltis, f\u00f3rnarl\u00f6mb eineltis og margt fleira. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 er gamalt \u00ed m\u00e1linu en lengst af kom \u00fea\u00f0 n\u00e6r eing\u00f6ngu fyrir \u00ed sambandinu leggja [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4104","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4104","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4104"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4104\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4277,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4104\/revisions\/4277"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4104"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4104"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4104"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}