Oft er kvarta\u00f0 undan \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 ungt f\u00f3lk \u00feekki ekki algeng or\u00f0 e\u00f0a merkingu \u00feeirra, e\u00f0a noti or\u00f0 \u00ed rangri merkingu. En hva\u00f0 merkja or\u00f0 og or\u00f0asamb\u00f6nd? Hvernig skilgreinum vi\u00f0 merkingu?<\/p>\n
\u00cd flj\u00f3tu brag\u00f0i m\u00e1 hugsa s\u00e9r nokkur sv\u00f6r vi\u00f0 \u00feessu. (1): Or\u00f0 og or\u00f0asamb\u00f6nd merkja \u00fea\u00f0 sem vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum l\u00e6rt a\u00f0 \u00feau merki. <\/strong>Vi\u00f0 getum hafa l\u00e6rt \u00feetta \u00e1 mismunandi h\u00e1tt. Algeng or\u00f0 og or\u00f0asamb\u00f6nd h\u00f6fum vi\u00f0 l\u00e6rt \u00e1 m\u00e1lt\u00f6kuskei\u00f0i, heyrt \u00feau notu\u00f0 og \u00e1tta\u00f0 okkur \u00e1 merkingu \u00feeirra \u00fat fr\u00e1 notkuninni. \u00d6nnur or\u00f0 og or\u00f0asamb\u00f6nd h\u00f6fum vi\u00f0 l\u00e6rt s\u00ed\u00f0ar, oft af b\u00f3kum \u2013 \u00fe\u00e1 eru \u00feau stundum \u00fatsk\u00fdr\u00f0 s\u00e9rstaklega og stundum h\u00f6fum vi\u00f0 flett \u00feeim upp \u00ed or\u00f0ab\u00f3kum. \u00dea\u00f0 lei\u00f0ir okkur a\u00f0 (2): Or\u00f0 og or\u00f0asamb\u00f6nd merkja \u00fea\u00f0 sem or\u00f0ab\u00e6kur segja a\u00f0 \u00feau merki.<\/strong> A\u00f0 lokum (3): Merking or\u00f0a og or\u00f0asambanda r\u00e6\u00f0st af uppruna \u00feeirra.<\/strong><\/p>\n Vissulega m\u00e1 segja a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 uppruni or\u00f0a og or\u00f0asambanda r\u00e1\u00f0i merkingu \u00feeirra, og \u00feannig er \u00fea\u00f0 l\u00edka oft. En \u00fea\u00f0 er hins vegar au\u00f0velt a\u00f0 finna d\u00e6mi um hi\u00f0 gagnst\u00e6\u00f0a. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 landr\u00e1\u00f0<\/em> merkir upphaflega 'r\u00e1\u00f0 yfir landi' eins og b\u00faast m\u00e1 vi\u00f0 \u00fat fr\u00e1 samsetningarli\u00f0um \u00feess. En \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li merkir \u00fea\u00f0 'brot gegn \u00f6ryggi e\u00f0a sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i r\u00edkis, f\u00f6\u00f0urlandssvik' \u2013 og gat raunar haft \u00fe\u00e1 merkingu \u00feegar \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li. S\u00f6gnin elda<\/em> er leidd af nafnor\u00f0inu eldur <\/em>enda var matur \u00e1\u00f0ur so\u00f0inn e\u00f0a steiktur yfir opnum eldi. En n\u00fa hefur merking sagnarinnar v\u00edkka\u00f0 og h\u00fan merkir 'b\u00faa til mat' \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 eldur \u00feurfi nokku\u00f0 a\u00f0 koma \u00fear vi\u00f0 s\u00f6gu. \u00d3tal samb\u00e6rileg d\u00e6mi v\u00e6ri h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 taka.<\/p>\n Or\u00f0ab\u00e6kur eru vissulega \u00f3metanlegar heimildir um merkingu or\u00f0a og or\u00f0asambanda. En or\u00f0ab\u00e6kur eiga s\u00e9r h\u00f6funda sem velja or\u00f0in og skrifa skilgreiningar \u00feeirra. \u00dear byggja \u00feeir \u00e1 eigin \u00feekkingu og mati, og hvorugt er \u00f3brig\u00f0ult. H\u00f6fundarnir leitast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 skilgreina or\u00f0 \u00fat fr\u00e1 notkun \u00feeirra \u00ed samt\u00edmanum, en aldrei er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 fullyr\u00f0a a\u00f0 \u00feeir \u00feekki \u00f6ll tilbrig\u00f0i \u00ed notkuninni. \u00dear a\u00f0 auki eru or\u00f0ab\u00e6kur \u00ed e\u00f0li s\u00ednu \u00edhaldssamar \u2013 ekki er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 gera r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r taki umsvifalaust upp n\u00fdjungar sem eru a\u00f0 skj\u00f3ta upp kollinum. \u00cd litlu m\u00e1lsamf\u00e9lagi eins og \u00fev\u00ed \u00edslenska b\u00e6tist \u00fea\u00f0 svo vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 or\u00f0ab\u00e6kur er ekki unnt a\u00f0 uppf\u00e6ra n\u00e6rri eins oft og \u00fe\u00f6rf v\u00e6ri. \u00deess vegna vantar oft \u00ed \u00fe\u00e6r n\u00fdleg or\u00f0 og n\u00fdjar merkingar.<\/p>\n Hvorki uppruni n\u00e9 or\u00f0ab\u00f3karskilgreiningar getur sem s\u00e9 veri\u00f0 einhver st\u00f3rid\u00f3mur um \u00fea\u00f0 hva\u00f0a or\u00f0 eru til og hva\u00f0 \u00feau merkja. Og m\u00e1lkunn\u00e1tta okkar sj\u00e1lfra getur ekki heldur veri\u00f0 sl\u00edkur d\u00f3mur. Or\u00f0 geta haft sv\u00e6\u00f0isbundin merkingartilbrig\u00f0i, merkingin getur hafa breyst fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 l\u00e6r\u00f0um \u00feau, og jafnvel er hugsanlegt a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum alla t\u00ed\u00f0 misskili\u00f0 or\u00f0in a\u00f0 einhverju leyti, t.d. nota\u00f0 \u00feau \u00ed \u00ferengri e\u00f0a v\u00ed\u00f0ari merkingu en almennt er gert. \u00dea\u00f0 er eing\u00f6ngu m\u00e1lsamf\u00e9lagi\u00f0 sem getur veitt okkur svar um merkingu or\u00f0a og or\u00f0asambanda \u2013 \u00feau hafa \u00fe\u00e1 merkingu sem notkun \u00feeirra \u00ed m\u00e1lsamf\u00e9laginu gefur \u00feeim. H\u00fan kann a\u00f0 vera \u00ed andst\u00f6\u00f0u vi\u00f0 uppruna \u00feeirra, or\u00f0ab\u00f3karskilgreiningar, og okkar eigin skilning \u00e1 \u00feeim. En \u00fea\u00f0 gerir hana ekki ranga.<\/p>\n \u00c9g er kominn h\u00e1tt \u00e1 sj\u00f6tugsaldur og er s\u00edfellt a\u00f0 reka mig \u00e1 a\u00f0 or\u00f0 og or\u00f0asamb\u00f6nd eru notu\u00f0 \u00ed annarri merkingu en \u00e9g taldi \u00feau hafa. N\u00fdlega hef \u00e9g t.d. veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 grunnf\u00e6rni<\/a> <\/em>og or\u00f0asamb\u00f6ndin vera<\/em> myrkur<\/em> \u00ed<\/em> m\u00e1li<\/em><\/a> og st\u00edga \u00e1 stokk<\/a> <\/em>sem n\u00fa eru oftast notu\u00f0 \u00ed annarri merkingu en \u00feau h\u00f6f\u00f0u fyrir h\u00e1lfri \u00f6ld \u2013 eins og oft er amast vi\u00f0. \u00c9g st\u00f3\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feeirri merkingu a\u00f0 n\u00fdja merkingin v\u00e6ri n\u00fdtilkomin en \u00feegar \u00e9g sko\u00f0a m\u00e1li\u00f0 kemur \u00ed lj\u00f3s a\u00f0 h\u00fan hefur veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 brei\u00f0ast \u00fat \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu 30-40 \u00e1rum e\u00f0a jafnvel lengur. \u00deegar n\u00fd e\u00f0a breytt merking or\u00f0s e\u00f0a or\u00f0asambands er komin upp fyrir 40-50 \u00e1rum, og yfirgn\u00e6fandi meirihluti af d\u00e6mum um \u00feetta or\u00f0 e\u00f0a or\u00f0asamband fr\u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu 20-30 \u00e1rum er um \u00feessa n\u00fdju e\u00f0a breyttu merkingu, \u00fe\u00e1 er fr\u00e1leitt a\u00f0 afneita henni.<\/p>\n Vi\u00f0 sem \u00f3lumst upp vi\u00f0 a\u00f0ra merkingu erum au\u00f0vita\u00f0 frj\u00e1ls a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 halda okkur vi\u00f0 hana, og pirra okkur \u00e1 \u00feeirri n\u00fdju \u2013 en vi\u00f0 getum ekki l\u00e1ti\u00f0 eins og h\u00fan s\u00e9 r\u00f6ng e\u00f0a ekki til. Or\u00f0in og or\u00f0asamb\u00f6ndin hafa einfaldlega fengi\u00f0 n\u00fdja merkingu. \u00dea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir l\u00edka a\u00f0 ungt f\u00f3lk, tv\u00edtugt og yngra (og jafnvel eldra) hefur alist upp vi\u00f0 \u00feessa n\u00fdju merkingu sem a\u00f0almerkingu. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00feess vegna \u00f3sanngjarnt og \u00fat \u00ed h\u00f6tt a\u00f0 breg\u00f0a \u00fev\u00ed f\u00f3lki um f\u00e1fr\u00e6\u00f0i og skort \u00e1 m\u00e1lkunn\u00e1ttu \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00fea\u00f0 \u00feekki ekki eldri merkinguna. \u00dea\u00f0 erum vi\u00f0 sem h\u00f6fum haft \u00fe\u00e1 n\u00fdju fyrir \u00fev\u00ed \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 hafa alist upp vi\u00f0 hana og hefur enga \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0u til a\u00f0 efast um a\u00f0 h\u00fan s\u00e9 r\u00e9tt. Um lei\u00f0 er r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 hafa \u00ed huga a\u00f0 \u00feetta er engin n\u00fd b\u00f3la.<\/p>\n \u00dea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 t\u00edna til \u00fdmis or\u00f0 og or\u00f0asamb\u00f6nd sem vi\u00f0 sem n\u00fa erum komin yfir mi\u00f0jan aldur notum \u00ed annarri merkingu en foreldrar okkar, afar og \u00f6mmur ger\u00f0u. Og \u00feau voru \u00f6rugglega jafn hneykslu\u00f0 \u00e1 okkur og vi\u00f0 erum n\u00fa \u00e1 unga f\u00f3lkinu. \u00c9g legg samt \u00e1herslu \u00e1 a\u00f0 m\u00e1lhef\u00f0in skiptir vissulega m\u00e1li og \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00e6skilegt a\u00f0 or\u00f0 og or\u00f0asamb\u00f6nd haldi merkingu sinni. En \u00feegar um er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a merkingu sem er komin upp fyrir nokkrum \u00e1ratugum og or\u00f0in algengasta merking or\u00f0a og or\u00f0asambanda er \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0ulaust og raunar ska\u00f0legt a\u00f0 berjast gegn henni. Or\u00f0in og or\u00f0asamb\u00f6ndin hafa \u00fe\u00e1 einfaldlega b\u00e6tt vi\u00f0 sig n\u00fdrri merkingu e\u00f0a fengi\u00f0 n\u00fdja merkingu, og s\u00fa merking er jafngild \u00feeirri sem \u00feau h\u00f6f\u00f0u \u00e1\u00f0ur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Oft er kvarta\u00f0 undan \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 ungt f\u00f3lk \u00feekki ekki algeng or\u00f0 e\u00f0a merkingu \u00feeirra, e\u00f0a noti or\u00f0 \u00ed rangri merkingu. En hva\u00f0 merkja or\u00f0 og or\u00f0asamb\u00f6nd? Hvernig skilgreinum vi\u00f0 merkingu? \u00cd flj\u00f3tu brag\u00f0i m\u00e1 hugsa s\u00e9r nokkur sv\u00f6r vi\u00f0 \u00feessu. (1): Or\u00f0 og or\u00f0asamb\u00f6nd merkja \u00fea\u00f0 sem vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum l\u00e6rt a\u00f0 \u00feau merki. Vi\u00f0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4185","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4185","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4185"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4185\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4186,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4185\/revisions\/4186"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4185"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4185"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4185"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}