{"id":4203,"date":"2022-03-16T08:00:53","date_gmt":"2022-03-16T08:00:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=4203"},"modified":"2022-03-15T10:02:09","modified_gmt":"2022-03-15T10:02:09","slug":"er-nalgun-tiskuord","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2022\/03\/16\/er-nalgun-tiskuord\/","title":{"rendered":"Er n\u00e1lgun t\u00edskuor\u00f0?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>n\u00e1lgun <\/em>l\u00edtur \u00fat fyrir a\u00f0 vera mynda\u00f0 af s\u00f6gninni <em>n\u00e1lga <\/em>en s\u00fa s\u00f6gn er s\u00e1rasjaldg\u00e6f \u00ed germynd \u00fe\u00f3tt mi\u00f0myndin <em>n\u00e1lgast <\/em>s\u00e9 algeng.\u00a0\u00dea\u00f0 er \u00f3vanalegt a\u00f0 <em>-un<\/em>-or\u00f0 tengist mi\u00f0mynd en ekki germynd en \u00fe\u00f3 ekki einsd\u00e6mi \u2013 vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum or\u00f0 eins og <em>afvopnun<\/em> sem oftast merkir 'afvopnast' frekar en 'afvopna', <em>blyg\u00f0un<\/em> sem tengist <em>blyg\u00f0ast<\/em> (germyndin <em>blyg\u00f0a<\/em> er l\u00f6ngu \u00farelt), <em>sturlun<\/em> sem tengist <em>sturlast<\/em> (germyndin <em>sturla <\/em>er ekki notu\u00f0 \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li), og svo n\u00fdyr\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>sk\u00f3lafor\u00f0un <\/em>sem tengist <em>for\u00f0ast<\/em> en ekki <em>for\u00f0a<\/em>. Elsta \u00feekkt d\u00e6mi um <em>n\u00e1lgun<\/em> er fr\u00e1 1823, en framan af var or\u00f0i\u00f0 mj\u00f6g sjaldg\u00e6ft \u2013 fram til 1950 eru a\u00f0eins 16 d\u00e6mi um \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 <em>t\u00edmarit.is<\/em> og \u00fea\u00f0 er ekki a\u00f0 finna \u00ed annarri \u00fatg\u00e1fu <em>\u00cdslenskrar or\u00f0ab\u00f3kar <\/em>fr\u00e1 1983. Oftast er merkingin s\u00fa a\u00f0 'f\u00e6rast n\u00e6r' \u00ed t\u00edma e\u00f0a r\u00fami, en einnig \u00ed sko\u00f0unum e\u00f0a vi\u00f0horfum.<\/p>\n<p>Fram til 1977 b\u00e6tast svo vi\u00f0 um 70 d\u00e6mi, m\u00f6rg af sama toga en einnig er \u00fear fj\u00f6ldi d\u00e6ma um or\u00f0i\u00f0 sem \u00ed\u00f0or\u00f0 \u00ed verkfr\u00e6\u00f0i og st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i, \u00ed merkingunni 'n\u00e1mundun' (<em>approximation<\/em>). En seint \u00e1 \u00e1ttunda \u00e1ratugnum fer n\u00fd merking or\u00f0sins a\u00f0 birtast. \u00cd <em>\u00dej\u00f3\u00f0viljanum <\/em>1977 segir \u201eTveir st\u00f3rsigrar, tv\u00e6r \u00f3l\u00edkar n\u00e1lganir lausnar vandam\u00e1lsins.\u201c \u00cd <em>Nor\u00f0urlandi<\/em> 1978 segir: \u201eEn \u00feessi n\u00e1lgun er hentug til a\u00f0 leysa a\u00f0ste\u00f0jandi vandam\u00e1l kerfisins \u00e1 forsendum \u00feess sj\u00e1lfs.\u201c \u00cd <em>Morgunbla\u00f0inu<\/em> 1978 segir: \u201eTil \u00feess a\u00f0 svara \u00feeirri spurningu, hvort tiltekin fj\u00e1rfesting s\u00e9 ar\u00f0b\u00e6r, \u00fearf \u00feannig a\u00f0ra n\u00e1lgun.\u201c \u00cd <em>Morgunbla\u00f0inu<\/em> 1979 segir: \u201eJ\u00f3nas Bjarnason sag\u00f0i \u00ed samtali vi\u00f0 Morgunbla\u00f0i\u00f0, a\u00f0 \u00feessi starfsa\u00f0fer\u00f0 v\u00e6ri n\u00fd n\u00e1lgun, \u00f6\u00f0ruv\u00edsi n\u00e1lgun a\u00f0 \u00feessum m\u00e1lum en veri\u00f0 hefur.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>\u00dearna er merkingin ekki b\u00f3kstaflega '\u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 n\u00e1lgast', heldur fremur '\u00e1lit, sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0' e\u00f0a 'a\u00f0fer\u00f0, a\u00f0fer\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0i'. \u00deetta ver\u00f0ur s\u00e9rstaklega sk\u00fdrt \u00feegar fari\u00f0 er a\u00f0 tala um <em>n\u00fdja n\u00e1lgun<\/em> og <em>\u00f6\u00f0ruv\u00edsi n\u00e1lgun<\/em> eins og \u00ed s\u00ed\u00f0asta d\u00e6minu. Vori\u00f0 1982 skrifa\u00f0i \u00d3skar Gu\u00f0mundsson grein sem heitir \u201eKvennaframbo\u00f0i\u00f0 \u2013 Tilraun til \u201en\u00e1lgunar\u201c \u00ed <em>\u00dej\u00f3\u00f0viljann<\/em>. \u00dear segir m.a.: \u201eMe\u00f0 a\u00f0sto\u00f0 t\u00edmans og vatnsins vonast \u00e9g til a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 sem \u00e1 n\u00fat\u00edma m\u00e1li er kalla\u00f0 n\u00e1lgun lukkist a\u00f0 einhverju marki.\u201c \u00deetta or\u00f0alag, sem og g\u00e6salappirnar \u00ed titli greinarinnar, s\u00fdna a\u00f0 \u00feessi notkun or\u00f0sins hefur veri\u00f0 n\u00fd, en \u00fe\u00f3 farin a\u00f0 brei\u00f0ast nokku\u00f0 \u00fat. S\u00fa \u00fatbrei\u00f0sla h\u00e9lt \u00e1fram n\u00e6stu \u00e1rin og t\u00f3k st\u00f6kk \u00e1 mi\u00f0jum t\u00edunda \u00e1ratugnum og s\u00ed\u00f0an \u00fe\u00e1 hefur veri\u00f0 nokku\u00f0 j\u00f6fn og st\u00f6\u00f0ug aukning \u00ed notkun or\u00f0sins \u2013 \u00e1ri\u00f0 2013 voru d\u00e6min t.d. r\u00famlega 11 sinnum fleiri en 20 \u00e1rum \u00e1\u00f0ur, 1993.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dea\u00f0 er au\u00f0vita\u00f0 ekkert a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 nota <em>n\u00e1lgun<\/em> \u00ed \u00feessari merkingu. Jafnvel kringum 1980, \u00feegar fyrst fer a\u00f0 bera \u00e1 henni, hef\u00f0i varla veri\u00f0 \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 gera athugasemd vi\u00f0 hana vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 h\u00fan er svo n\u00e1l\u00e6gt eldri merkingu. En \u00fe\u00f3 svo v\u00e6ri ekki myndi 40 \u00e1ra saga og mikil t\u00ed\u00f0ni \u00feessarar notkunar duga til \u00feess a\u00f0 afla henni vi\u00f0urkenningar. H\u00fan er l\u00edka komin inn \u00ed or\u00f0ab\u00e6kur \u2013 \u00ed <em>\u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em> er or\u00f0i\u00f0 sk\u00fdrt '\u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 n\u00e1lgast, kynnast, greina' og \u00ed <em>\u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em> '\u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 n\u00e1lgast eitthva\u00f0, a\u00f0fer\u00f0 til lausnar'. M\u00e9r fyndist reyndar e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 brj\u00f3ta \u00feessar sk\u00fdringar upp og segja a\u00f0 'greina' og 'a\u00f0fer\u00f0 til lausnar' s\u00e9 s\u00e9rst\u00f6k merking, d\u00e1l\u00edti\u00f0 anna\u00f0 en '\u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 n\u00e1lgast eitthva\u00f0'.<\/p>\n<p>Hins vegar m\u00e1 vel halda \u00fev\u00ed fram a\u00f0 \u00feegar t\u00ed\u00f0ni or\u00f0s af \u00feessu tagi, sem ekki v\u00edsar til neinnar n\u00fdjungar, eykst hundra\u00f0 og fertugfalt \u00e1 40 \u00e1rum (\u00far 64 d\u00e6mum 1970-1979 upp \u00ed 8925 d\u00e6mi 2010-2019 \u00e1 <em>t\u00edmarit.is<\/em>) megi alveg huga a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed hvort ekki s\u00e9 \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 nota stundum anna\u00f0 or\u00f0alag.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 n\u00e1lgun l\u00edtur \u00fat fyrir a\u00f0 vera mynda\u00f0 af s\u00f6gninni n\u00e1lga en s\u00fa s\u00f6gn er s\u00e1rasjaldg\u00e6f \u00ed germynd \u00fe\u00f3tt mi\u00f0myndin n\u00e1lgast s\u00e9 algeng.\u00a0\u00dea\u00f0 er \u00f3vanalegt a\u00f0 -un-or\u00f0 tengist mi\u00f0mynd en ekki germynd en \u00fe\u00f3 ekki einsd\u00e6mi \u2013 vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum or\u00f0 eins og afvopnun sem oftast merkir 'afvopnast' frekar en 'afvopna', blyg\u00f0un sem tengist blyg\u00f0ast (germyndin [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4203","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4203","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4203"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4203\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4205,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4203\/revisions\/4205"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4203"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4203"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4203"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}