{"id":4274,"date":"2022-04-23T08:00:05","date_gmt":"2022-04-23T08:00:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=4274"},"modified":"2022-04-22T17:10:57","modified_gmt":"2022-04-22T17:10:57","slug":"idord-og-almennt-mal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2022\/04\/23\/idord-og-almennt-mal\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00cd\u00f0or\u00f0 og almennt m\u00e1l"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cd Facebook-h\u00f3pnum M\u00e1lspjall <\/em>spannst n\u00fdlega mikil umr\u00e6\u00f0a \u00fat fr\u00e1 fyrirspurn um or\u00f0 yfir gerendur eineltis. \u00c9g \u00e1tta\u00f0i mig \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed eftir \u00e1 a\u00f0 f\u00f3lk tala\u00f0i \u00fearna d\u00e1l\u00edti\u00f0 \u00ed kross. \u00dea\u00f0 var stungi\u00f0 upp \u00e1 a\u00f0 nota \u00fdmis or\u00f0 sem eru vel \u00feekkt \u00far almennu m\u00e1li \u2013 einkum hrekkjusv\u00edn<\/em> en l\u00edka tuddi<\/em>, ruddi<\/em>, hrellir<\/em>, \u00f3tukt<\/em> og \u00fdmis fleiri. \u00c9g br\u00e1st margsinnis vi\u00f0 till\u00f6gum um \u00feessi or\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00feann veg a\u00f0 \u00feau v\u00e6ru ekki noth\u00e6f \u00ed \u00feeim tilgangi sem um var a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a, og \u00e9g stend vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0. En mikilv\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 komi sk\u00fdrt fram a\u00f0 \u00feetta eru allt saman \u00e1g\u00e6t or\u00f0 sem sj\u00e1lfsagt er a\u00f0 nota \u00ed daglegu tali \u00feegar veri\u00f0 er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a um tiltekin m\u00e1l. \u00deau eru bara ekki hentug sem \u00ed\u00f0or\u00f0<\/strong>, \u00fe.e. fagor\u00f0 \u00ed fr\u00e6\u00f0ilegri umr\u00e6\u00f0u.<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 eru ekki nema um 40 \u00e1r<\/a> s\u00ed\u00f0an fari\u00f0 var a\u00f0 nota nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 einelti<\/em> sem \u00ed\u00f0or\u00f0, \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri \u00feekkt \u00ed sambandinu leggja \u00ed einelti<\/em>. En \u00fea\u00f0 sem n\u00fa er flokka\u00f0 undir einelti var kalla\u00f0 \u00fdmsum n\u00f6fnum \u2013 str\u00ed\u00f0ni<\/em>, hrekkir<\/em>, \u00e1reitni<\/em>, ofbeldi <\/em>o.fl. \u00deessi or\u00f0 eru vitanlega enn g\u00f3\u00f0 og gild en eins og \u00fatbrei\u00f0sla or\u00f0sins einelti <\/em>s\u00fdnir er hentugt a\u00f0 hafa eitt or\u00f0 me\u00f0 afmarka\u00f0a skilgreinda merkingu til a\u00f0 n\u00e1 yfir fj\u00f6lbreytta heg\u00f0un \u2013 einelti <\/em>er skilgreint<\/a> \u00ed L\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0ior\u00f0asafni <\/em>sem: \u201eS\u00edendurtekin heg\u00f0un sem almennt er til \u00feess fallin a\u00f0 valda vanl\u00ed\u00f0an hj\u00e1 \u00feeim sem fyrir henni ver\u00f0ur, svo sem a\u00f0 gera l\u00edti\u00f0 \u00far, m\u00f3\u00f0ga, s\u00e6ra e\u00f0a \u00f3gna vi\u00f0komandi e\u00f0a a\u00f0 valda honum \u00f3tta.\u201c<\/p>\n

Or\u00f0in str\u00ed\u00f0ni<\/em> og hrekkur<\/em> eru ekki \u00ed neinu \u00ed\u00f0or\u00f0asafni, og skilgreining or\u00f0anna \u00e1reitni<\/em> og ofbeldi<\/em> \u00ed \u00ed\u00f0or\u00f0as\u00f6fnum er langt fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 n\u00e1 yfir \u00f6ll tilbrig\u00f0i eineltis. \u00c1\u00f0urnefnd or\u00f0 sem stungi\u00f0 var upp \u00e1 a\u00f0 nota um gerendur, tuddi<\/em>, ruddi<\/em>, hrellir<\/em>, \u00f3tukt<\/em> o.fl., eru ekki heldur \u00ed \u00ed\u00f0or\u00f0as\u00f6fnum enda er merking \u00feeirra \u00fdmist of \u00f3skilgreind e\u00f0a of s\u00e9rt\u00e6k til a\u00f0 \u00feau geti henta\u00f0 sem \u00ed\u00f0or\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 er nefnilega s\u00e1 meginmunur \u00e1 \u00ed\u00f0or\u00f0um og or\u00f0um \u00ed almennu m\u00e1li a\u00f0 \u00ed\u00f0or\u00f0in ver\u00f0a a\u00f0 hafa afmarka\u00f0a og vel skilgreinda merkingu sem almenn s\u00e1tt er um (\u00fe\u00f3tt vissulega geti f\u00f3lk stundum greint \u00e1 um merkingu einstakra \u00ed\u00f0or\u00f0a). Or\u00f0 \u00ed almennu m\u00e1li hafa hins vegar oft tilt\u00f6lulega flj\u00f3tandi merkingu og f\u00f3lk getur lagt mismunandi merkingu \u00ed \u00feau.<\/p>\n

\u00deetta \u00e1 ekki s\u00edst vi\u00f0 um or\u00f0 um \u00f3hlutst\u00e6\u00f0 fyrirb\u00e6ri eins og heg\u00f0un og tilfinningar, \u00fe\u00f3tt jafnvel geti veri\u00f0 \u00f3tr\u00falega erfitt a\u00f0 skilgreina n\u00e1kv\u00e6mlega merkingu or\u00f0a um \u00e1\u00fereifanlega hluti eins og vel kom fram \u00ed \u00feekktri grein<\/a> H\u00f6skuldar \u00der\u00e1inssonar um merkingu or\u00f0sins bolli<\/em>. Stundum er reynt a\u00f0 taka or\u00f0 \u00far almennu m\u00e1li og gera \u00feau a\u00f0 \u00ed\u00f0or\u00f0um me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hnika skilgreiningu \u00feeirra til. \u00deekkt d\u00e6mi er \u00f6reigi <\/em>sem merkir<\/a> 'eignalaus ma\u00f0ur' en komm\u00fanistar g\u00e1fu merkinguna<\/a> 's\u00e1 sem \u00e1 ekki framlei\u00f0slut\u00e6ki'. \u00deetta er \u00fe\u00f3 varasamt og tekst ekki alltaf vel \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 h\u00e6tta er \u00e1 a\u00f0 or\u00f0in haldi g\u00f6mlu merkingunni \u00e1fram \u00ed huga m\u00e1lnotenda.<\/p>\n

Or\u00f0i\u00f0 einelti<\/em> var vissulega til \u00ed almennu m\u00e1li \u00e1\u00f0ur, en eing\u00f6ngu \u00ed sambandinu leggja \u00ed einelti<\/em>. \u00deess vegna \u00feurfti ekki a\u00f0 hr\u00f3fla neitt vi\u00f0 merkingu \u00feess \u00feegar \u00fea\u00f0 var gert a\u00f0 \u00ed\u00f0or\u00f0i. \u00dea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri gagnlegt a\u00f0 hafa or\u00f0 um gerendur eineltis sem svara\u00f0i n\u00e1kv\u00e6mlega til or\u00f0sins. \u00dea\u00f0 gerir or\u00f0 eins og hrekkjusv\u00edn<\/em> ekki, og \u00fea\u00f0 er t\u00e6past or\u00f0 sem unnt er a\u00f0 nota \u00ed fr\u00e6\u00f0ilegri umr\u00e6\u00f0u. Vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 m\u00e9r virtist fyrirspurnin var\u00f0a sl\u00edka notkun (sem kann a\u00f0 hafa veri\u00f0 misskilningur) stakk \u00e9g upp \u00e1 or\u00f0inu eineltir<\/em> en \u00fea\u00f0 er m\u00e9r vitanlega a\u00f0 meinalausu ef f\u00f3lki finnst \u00fea\u00f0 ekki heppilegt. A\u00f0alatri\u00f0i\u00f0 er a\u00f0 hafa \u00ed huga a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 er munur \u00e1 or\u00f0um \u00ed almennu m\u00e1li og \u00ed\u00f0or\u00f0um, en hvort tveggja \u00e1 vitanlega fullan r\u00e9tt \u00e1 s\u00e9r \u2013 \u00fear sem vi\u00f0 \u00e1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cd Facebook-h\u00f3pnum M\u00e1lspjall spannst n\u00fdlega mikil umr\u00e6\u00f0a \u00fat fr\u00e1 fyrirspurn um or\u00f0 yfir gerendur eineltis. \u00c9g \u00e1tta\u00f0i mig \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed eftir \u00e1 a\u00f0 f\u00f3lk tala\u00f0i \u00fearna d\u00e1l\u00edti\u00f0 \u00ed kross. \u00dea\u00f0 var stungi\u00f0 upp \u00e1 a\u00f0 nota \u00fdmis or\u00f0 sem eru vel \u00feekkt \u00far almennu m\u00e1li \u2013 einkum hrekkjusv\u00edn en l\u00edka tuddi, ruddi, hrellir, \u00f3tukt og […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4274","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4274","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4274"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4274\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4275,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4274\/revisions\/4275"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4274"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4274"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4274"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}