{"id":4521,"date":"2022-09-23T10:40:16","date_gmt":"2022-09-23T10:40:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=4521"},"modified":"2022-09-23T10:40:16","modified_gmt":"2022-09-23T10:40:16","slug":"rett-og-rangt-a-seinni-hluta-19-aldar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2022\/09\/23\/rett-og-rangt-a-seinni-hluta-19-aldar\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201eR\u00e9tt\u201c og \u201erangt\u201c \u00e1 seinni hluta 19. aldar"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vi\u00f0mi\u00f0 okkar um \u201er\u00e9tt\u201c og \u201erangt\u201c m\u00e1l, sem \u00ed seinni t\u00ed\u00f0 eru stundum k\u00f6llu\u00f0 \u201e\u00edslenskur m\u00e1lsta\u00f0all\u201c, m\u00f3tu\u00f0ust a\u00f0 miklu leyti \u00e1 seinni hluta 19. aldar og fyrri hluta \u00feeirrar 20. Einn \u00e1hrifamesti ma\u00f0urinn \u00ed \u00feeirri m\u00f3tun var Halld\u00f3r Kr. Fri\u00f0riksson<\/a> sem var a\u00f0al\u00edslenskukennari L\u00e6r\u00f0a sk\u00f3lans (n\u00fa Menntask\u00f3lans \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk) \u00ed n\u00e6rri h\u00e1lfa \u00f6ld, fr\u00e1 1848 til 1895. Hann skrifa\u00f0i fyrstu kennslub\u00f3kina \u00ed \u00edslenskri m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0i sem gefin var \u00fat, \u00cdslenzka m\u00e1lmyndal\u00fdsingu<\/a><\/em>, 1857. \u00dea\u00f0 er athyglisvert a\u00f0 sitthva\u00f0 sem \u00fear er nefnt sem venjulegt m\u00e1l \u00feykir n\u00fa rangt, og einnig eru nefndar athugasemdalaust \u00fdmsar tv\u00edmyndir \u00ed beygingu \u00fear sem \u00f6nnur \u00feykir n\u00fa r\u00f6ng. Nokkur d\u00e6mi um hvort tveggja eru talin h\u00e9r \u00e1 eftir.<\/p>\n

\u00dearna er t.d. sagt a\u00f0 eignarfall eint\u00f6lu af vindur <\/em>s\u00e9 \u00fdmist vinds<\/em>, sem s\u00e9 sjaldg\u00e6ft, e\u00f0a vindar<\/em>. N\u00fa er vinds<\/em> venjulega myndin en \u201eEignarfallsmyndunum vindar<\/strong> og vindarins<\/strong> breg\u00f0ur fyrir en \u00fe\u00e6r eru sjalds\u00e9\u00f0ar\u201c segir<\/a> \u00ed Beygingarl\u00fdsingu \u00edslensks n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls<\/em>. Einnig segir: \u201eM\u00f6rg eru \u00feau karlkennd n\u00f6fn, sem \u00fdmist hafa s<\/em> e\u00f0a ar<\/em> \u00ed eig. eint. [\u2026], t.a.m. [\u2026] l\u00e6kur<\/em>, eig. l\u00e6ks<\/em> og l\u00e6kjar<\/em>; vefur<\/em>, eig. vefs<\/em> og vefjar<\/em>, o.s.frv.\u201c Oft er rifja\u00f0 upp \u00feegar umsj\u00f3narma\u00f0ur \u00fe\u00e1ttarins \u201eDaglegt m\u00e1l\u201c \u00ed \u00fatvarpinu sag\u00f0i af s\u00e9r<\/a> \u00e1ri\u00f0 1980 eftir a\u00f0 honum var\u00f0 \u00e1 a\u00f0 segja \u00ed \u00fe\u00e6ttinum a\u00f0 eignarfalli\u00f0 af l\u00e6kur<\/em> v\u00e6ri l\u00e6ks<\/em>; og \u00ed umfj\u00f6llun um eignarfall or\u00f0sins vefur<\/em> sag\u00f0i<\/a> G\u00edsli J\u00f3nsson 1998: \u201eNi\u00f0ursta\u00f0an er sk\u00fdr: Eignarfalli\u00f0 af vefur er vefjar<\/strong>, ekki ?vefs<\/strong>.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u00cd umfj\u00f6llun um v\u00edxl e<\/em> og a<\/em> \u00ed or\u00f0inu ketill<\/em> segir: \u201e\u00c1 sama h\u00e1tt beyg\u00f0ist og til forna Egill<\/em> (\u00feiggj. Agli<\/em>).\u201c \u00de\u00e1gufalli\u00f0 Agli<\/em> var sem s\u00e9 horfi\u00f0 \u00far m\u00e1linu \u00e1 \u00feessum t\u00edma en var s\u00ed\u00f0ar endurvaki\u00f0. Einnig segir: \u201e\u00deegar greinirinn er skeyttur aftan vi\u00f0 fa\u00f0ir<\/em>, ver\u00f0ur eig. eint. f\u00f6\u00f0ursins<\/em>.\u201c \u00cd M\u00e1lfarsbankanum<\/em> segir<\/a> aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti: \u201eEignarfall eint\u00f6lu er t.d. ekki \u201ef\u00f6\u00f0urs\u201c, me\u00f0 greini \u201ef\u00f6\u00f0ursins\u201c, eins og halda m\u00e6tti \u00fat fr\u00e1 algengustu beygingarflokkunum heldur f\u00f6\u00f0ur<\/strong>, me\u00f0 greini f\u00f6\u00f0urins<\/strong>.\u201c Um or\u00f0i\u00f0 f\u00e9<\/em> segir a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u201e\u00f3reglulegt \u00ed eig. eint., en \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00fear fj\u00e1r<\/em>; \u00fe\u00f3 er myndin fjes <\/em>til, en miklu \u00f3vanalegri\u201c. S\u00fa mynd er samt ekki ford\u00e6md eins og n\u00fa; \u00ed M\u00e1lfarsbankanum<\/em> segir<\/a>: \u201eEignarfalli\u00f0 er ekki \u201ef\u00e9s\u201c, me\u00f0 greini \u201ef\u00e9sins\u201c [\u2026].\u201c<\/p>\n

\u00cd umfj\u00f6llun um kvenkynsor\u00f0 er bent \u00e1 a\u00f0 -ar<\/em> og -ir<\/em> s\u00e9 \u00ed sumum or\u00f0um haft j\u00f6fnum h\u00f6ndum sem ending nefnifalls fleirt\u00f6lu, \u201et.a.m. grein<\/em>, greinir<\/em> og greinar<\/em>; sk\u00e1l<\/em>, sk\u00e1lir<\/em> og sk\u00e1lar<\/em>\u201c. Um kvenkynsor\u00f0 sem enda \u00e1 -i<\/em> \u00ed \u00f6llum f\u00f6llum, svo sem r\u00e9ttv\u00edsi<\/em>, skynsemi<\/em>, gle\u00f0i<\/em>, rei\u00f0i<\/em> o.s.frv., segir: \u201e\u00deegar \u00feess konar or\u00f0 eru skeytt saman vi\u00f0 \u00f6nnur or\u00f0, er opt skoti\u00f0 s<\/em> inn \u00e1 milli til hlj\u00f3\u00f0fegur\u00f0ar, t.a.m. rjettv\u00edsisverk<\/em>, skynsemis-or\u00f0<\/em> [\u2026].\u201c \u00c1 20. \u00f6ld var oft amast vi\u00f0 s<\/em> \u00ed sl\u00edkum or\u00f0um. \u00de\u00e1 segir: \u201eSum eru \u00feau n\u00f6fn, sem n\u00fa a\u00f0 minnsta kosti eru hvorugkyns \u00ed eint., en kvenkyns \u00ed fleirt., t.a.m. [\u2026] eng-i\u00f0<\/em> (\u00e1\u00f0ur eng<\/em>) \u2013 engjar<\/em> [\u2026].\u201c Kynskipti milli eint\u00f6lu og fleirt\u00f6lu \u00feykja n\u00fa yfirleitt r\u00f6ng, sbr. \u00fea\u00f0 sem segir \u00ed M\u00e1lfarsbankanum<\/em> um f\u00f3tur<\/a><\/em> og fingur<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00dev\u00ed fer samt fjarri a\u00f0 Halld\u00f3r vi\u00f0urkenni allar breytingar sem or\u00f0i\u00f0 h\u00f6f\u00f0u fr\u00e1 fornm\u00e1li. Hann nefnir t.d. a\u00f0eins beyginguna l\u00e6knir<\/em> um l\u00e6kni<\/em>, \u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu l\u00e6knar<\/em>, en ekki beyginguna l\u00e6knir <\/em>\u00ed \u00feolfalli eint\u00f6lu og l\u00e6knirar<\/em> \u00ed nefnifalli fleirt\u00f6lu sem var mj\u00f6g algeng og l\u00edklega mun algengari \u00e1 hans t\u00edma. Hann nefnir ekki heldur a\u00f0ra beygingu \u00e1 fr\u00e6ndsemisor\u00f0unum br\u00f3\u00f0ir<\/em>, systir<\/em> og d\u00f3ttir<\/em> en n\u00fa \u00feykir r\u00e9tt, \u00fe\u00f3tt lengi hafi t\u00ed\u00f0kast a\u00f0 hafa \u00feessi or\u00f0 eins \u00ed \u00f6llum f\u00f6llum eint\u00f6lu. Hann segir l\u00edka \u201eh\u00f6nd<\/em> er \u00f3reglulegt \u00ed \u00feiggj. eint., \u00fear sem \u00fea\u00f0 er hendi<\/em>\u201c en nefnir ekki tilbrig\u00f0i eins og h\u00f6nd<\/em> \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gufalli e\u00f0a hendi<\/em> \u00ed nefnifalli og \u00feolfalli sem hvort tveggja var til \u00e1 hans d\u00f6gum. Hann nefnir a\u00f0eins vi\u00f0urkennda beygingu \u00e1 \u00e6r<\/em> og k\u00fdr<\/em>; o.s.frv.<\/p>\n

\u00der\u00e1tt fyrir \u00feetta s\u00fdna d\u00e6min h\u00e9r a\u00f0 framan a\u00f0 jafnvel har\u00f0ir m\u00e1lhreinsunarmenn \u00e1 seinni hluta 19. aldar, eins og Halld\u00f3r Kr. Fri\u00f0riksson, vi\u00f0urkenndu \u2013 e\u00f0a ger\u00f0u ekki athugasemdir vi\u00f0 \u2013 \u00fdmsar breytingar sem h\u00f6f\u00f0u or\u00f0i\u00f0 fr\u00e1 fornu m\u00e1li og n\u00fa eru taldar rangar en a\u00f0eins eldri myndin talin r\u00e9tt \u00ed hverju tilviki. \u00dea\u00f0 t\u00e1knar au\u00f0vita\u00f0 ekki endilega a\u00f0 tekist hafi a\u00f0 hrekja \u201en\u00fdjungarnar\u201c \u00far m\u00e1linu \u2013 flestar lifa enn g\u00f3\u00f0u l\u00edfi \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 vera taldar \u201erangt m\u00e1l\u201c, nema \u00fe\u00e1gufalli\u00f0 Egli<\/em>. \u00dev\u00ed m\u00e1 spyrja hvernig og hvers vegna \u00fea\u00f0 hafi gerst, a\u00f0 \u00edhaldssamari og einstrengingslegri afsta\u00f0a hafi veri\u00f0 tekin til \u00fdmissa m\u00e1lbreytinga \u00feegar kom fram \u00e1 20. \u00f6ld.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vi\u00f0mi\u00f0 okkar um \u201er\u00e9tt\u201c og \u201erangt\u201c m\u00e1l, sem \u00ed seinni t\u00ed\u00f0 eru stundum k\u00f6llu\u00f0 \u201e\u00edslenskur m\u00e1lsta\u00f0all\u201c, m\u00f3tu\u00f0ust a\u00f0 miklu leyti \u00e1 seinni hluta 19. aldar og fyrri hluta \u00feeirrar 20. Einn \u00e1hrifamesti ma\u00f0urinn \u00ed \u00feeirri m\u00f3tun var Halld\u00f3r Kr. Fri\u00f0riksson sem var a\u00f0al\u00edslenskukennari L\u00e6r\u00f0a sk\u00f3lans (n\u00fa Menntask\u00f3lans \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk) \u00ed n\u00e6rri h\u00e1lfa \u00f6ld, fr\u00e1 1848 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4521","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4521","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4521"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4521\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4522,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4521\/revisions\/4522"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4521"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4521"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4521"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}