{"id":4523,"date":"2022-09-24T08:00:40","date_gmt":"2022-09-24T08:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=4523"},"modified":"2022-09-24T12:07:12","modified_gmt":"2022-09-24T12:07:12","slug":"sifreri-malfarslegra-vidmida","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2022\/09\/24\/sifreri-malfarslegra-vidmida\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00edfreri m\u00e1lfarslegra vi\u00f0mi\u00f0a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00de\u00f3tt vissulega hafi veri\u00f0 rekin h\u00f6r\u00f0 m\u00e1lhreinsunarstefna \u00ed L\u00e6r\u00f0a sk\u00f3lanum \u00e1 seinni hluta 19. aldar \u00fearf a\u00f0 hafa \u00ed huga a\u00f0 nemendur Halld\u00f3rs Kr. Fri\u00f0rikssonar og annarra m\u00e1lhreinsunarmanna \u00fear voru komnir af barnsaldri og margir hverjir har\u00f0fullor\u00f0nir. \u00dev\u00ed m\u00e1 gera r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 m\u00e1lkerfi \u00feeirra hafi veri\u00f0 fullm\u00f3ta\u00f0 og ekki au\u00f0velt a\u00f0 breyta \u00fev\u00ed. En jafnframt m\u00e1 \u00e6tla a\u00f0 \u00feeir hafi haft n\u00e6gan \u00feroska til a\u00f0 geta lagt sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6tt mat \u00e1 m\u00e1l og m\u00e1lbreytingar og teki\u00f0 afst\u00f6\u00f0u til \u00feeirra. Kennarar hafi \u00fev\u00ed geta\u00f0 r\u00f6kr\u00e6tt m\u00e1lfarsefni vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 \u00ed sta\u00f0 \u00feess a\u00f0 kve\u00f0a einfaldlega upp \u00f3r\u00f6kstudda Sal\u00f3monsd\u00f3ma, \u00fe\u00f3tt vissulega s\u00e9 \u00f3v\u00edst hvort og \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0 hva\u00f0a marki \u00fea\u00f0 var gert.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c1 \u00feessum t\u00edma voru barnask\u00f3lar f\u00e1ir og f\u00e1mennir og sk\u00f3lat\u00edminn stuttur, en me\u00f0 l\u00f6gum um fr\u00e6\u00f0sluskyldu allra 10-14 \u00e1ra barna 1907 var\u00f0 grundvallarbreyting. Skyndilega \u201en\u00e1\u00f0i hin opinbera stefna \u00ed m\u00e1lfarsefnum, um r\u00e9tt m\u00e1l og rangt, til allra barna \u00e1 m\u00f3tunarskei\u00f0i\u201c segir Kjartan G. Ott\u00f3sson \u00ed b\u00f3kinni <em>\u00cdslensk m\u00e1lhreinsun<\/em> og heldur \u00e1fram: \u201eJafnframt vir\u00f0ist svo sem m\u00e1lstefnan hafi teki\u00f0 nokkrum bl\u00e6brig\u00f0abreytingum um lei\u00f0 og h\u00fan beindist a\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum aldursh\u00f3pi en \u00e1\u00f0ur. Stefnan vir\u00f0ist hafa veri\u00f0 einf\u00f6ldu\u00f0 og l\u00f6gu\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00feroska nemenda me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 tala\u00f0 var meira og afdr\u00e1ttarlausara um r\u00e9tt m\u00e1l og rangt. Meira hefur veri\u00f0 fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 reyna a\u00f0 breyta talm\u00e1li nemenda, en \u00e1\u00f0ur var \u00f6ll megin\u00e1herslan \u00e1 ritm\u00e1linu.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>\u00dearna n\u00e1\u00f0ist sem s\u00e9 til mun yngri m\u00e1lnotenda en \u00e1\u00f0ur \u2013 barna sem ekki voru komin me\u00f0 fullm\u00f3ta\u00f0 m\u00e1lkerfi, voru enn \u00e1 m\u00e1lt\u00f6kuskei\u00f0i a\u00f0 einhverju leyti. \u00deess vegna var au\u00f0veldara \u2013 e\u00f0a a.m.k. tali\u00f0 au\u00f0veldara \u2013 a\u00f0 breyta m\u00e1li \u00feeirra en sk\u00f3lapiltanna \u00ed L\u00e6r\u00f0a sk\u00f3lanum. \u00dear a\u00f0 auki var m\u00e1lstefnunni n\u00fa beint til allra barna \u00e1 landinu, ekki bara f\u00e1menns \u00farvals mun eldra f\u00f3lks. \u00dev\u00ed hefur ekki \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 gera r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 b\u00f6rnin hef\u00f0u sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0a sko\u00f0un \u00e1 m\u00e1linu e\u00f0a g\u00e6tu r\u00f6kr\u00e6tt \u00fea\u00f0. \u00deess vegna hefur \u00fe\u00f3tt f\u00e6rt a\u00f0 ganga mun lengra en \u00e1\u00f0ur \u2013 hafna \u00f6llum tilbrig\u00f0um og kalla undantekningarlaust eitt r\u00e9tt en anna\u00f0 rangt. Ekki er \u00f3l\u00edklegt a\u00f0 \u00feetta hafi tengst ungmennaf\u00e9lagsanda og \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ernisstefnu sem var \u00e1berandi \u00ed upphafi aldarinnar.<\/p>\n<p>Kennslub\u00e6kur sem nota\u00f0ar voru meginhluta 20. aldar eru flestar \u00ed \u00feessum anda. \u00deeirra \u00feekktust og \u00e1hrifamest er b\u00f3k Bj\u00f6rns Gu\u00f0finnssonar sem upphaflega kom \u00fat 1937 og h\u00e9t \u00fe\u00e1 <em>\u00cdslenzk m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0i handa sk\u00f3lum og \u00fatvarpi<\/em> en var margsinnis endur\u00fatgefin undir svol\u00edti\u00f0 mismunandi heitum. Eir\u00edkur Hreinn Finnbogason endursko\u00f0a\u00f0i hana verulega fyrir 5. \u00fatg\u00e1fu 1958 sem h\u00e9t fyrst <em>\u00cdslenzk m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0i handa framhaldssk\u00f3lum<\/em> og s\u00ed\u00f0ar <em>\u00cdslensk m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0i handa grunnsk\u00f3lum og framhaldssk\u00f3lum<\/em>. S\u00fa \u00fatg\u00e1fa var margsinnis endurprentu\u00f0, s\u00ed\u00f0ast 1999 a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed er vir\u00f0ist, og hefur \u00fev\u00ed v\u00e6ntanlega veri\u00f0 notu\u00f0 fram \u00e1 \u00feessa \u00f6ld \u2013 og er kannski enn. A.m.k. m\u00e1 b\u00faast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 flestir \u00cdslendingar sem komnir eru yfir mi\u00f0jan aldur hafi nota\u00f0 hana.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00f3k Bj\u00f6rns, og \u00fe\u00f3 enn frekar endursko\u00f0un Eir\u00edks Hreins, er yfirleitt mj\u00f6g afdr\u00e1ttarlaus og gefur engan kost \u00e1 tilbrig\u00f0um \u2013 r\u00e9tt er r\u00e9tt og rangt er rangt, eitt er r\u00e9tt og allt anna\u00f0 rangt. S\u00fa afsta\u00f0a m\u00f3ta\u00f0i vitanlega vi\u00f0horf margra kynsl\u00f3\u00f0a til tungum\u00e1lsins og hefur \u00ed marga \u00e1ratugi endurspeglast mj\u00f6g v\u00ed\u00f0a og gerir \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 verulegu leyti enn \u00ed dag \u2013 \u00ed kennslu og kennslub\u00f3kum, \u00ed samr\u00e6mdum pr\u00f3fum, \u00ed m\u00e1lfars\u00fe\u00e1ttum \u00ed fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0lum, \u00ed athugasemdum vi\u00f0 m\u00e1lfar sem skrifa\u00f0ar eru \u00e1 vefmi\u00f0lum og samf\u00e9lagsmi\u00f0lum (sem flestar eru skrifa\u00f0ar af f\u00f3lki komnu vel yfir mi\u00f0jan aldur) \u2013 og \u00ed handb\u00f3kum og uppflettiritum um m\u00e1lfar, svo sem <em>Handb\u00f3k um \u00edslensku<\/em> og <em>M\u00e1lfarsbankanum<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u00f0 sitjum sem s\u00e9 enn uppi me\u00f0 stefnu \u00ed m\u00e1lfarsefnum og afst\u00f6\u00f0u til tilbrig\u00f0a \u00ed m\u00e1li sem m\u00f3ta\u00f0ist \u00ed byrjun 20. aldar og mi\u00f0a\u00f0ist vi\u00f0 b\u00f6rn \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ari hluta m\u00e1lt\u00f6kuskei\u00f0s. \u00deessi stefna hefur veri\u00f0 alh\u00e6f\u00f0 og l\u00e1tin n\u00e1 til barna og fullor\u00f0inna, ritm\u00e1ls og talm\u00e1ls. Og \u00fearna er ekki bara um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a afst\u00f6\u00f0u til tilbrig\u00f0a \u00ed m\u00e1li almennt, heldur til einstakra tilbrig\u00f0a. \u00dea\u00f0 er d\u00e1l\u00edti\u00f0 eins og \u00fdmis atri\u00f0i m\u00e1lsins hafi veri\u00f0 fryst \u00ed byrjun 20. aldar, \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagi\u00f0 hafi gerbreyst \u00e1 \u00f6llum svi\u00f0um \u00e1 \u00feessum t\u00edma. \u00dea\u00f0 er mj\u00f6g br\u00fdnt a\u00f0 losa um \u00feennan s\u00edfrera, breyta \u00feessari afst\u00f6\u00f0u og \u00feessum vi\u00f0mi\u00f0um. Of langt bil milli vi\u00f0mi\u00f0anna og e\u00f0lilegs m\u00e1ls almennings ska\u00f0ar \u00edslenskuna.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00de\u00f3tt vissulega hafi veri\u00f0 rekin h\u00f6r\u00f0 m\u00e1lhreinsunarstefna \u00ed L\u00e6r\u00f0a sk\u00f3lanum \u00e1 seinni hluta 19. aldar \u00fearf a\u00f0 hafa \u00ed huga a\u00f0 nemendur Halld\u00f3rs Kr. Fri\u00f0rikssonar og annarra m\u00e1lhreinsunarmanna \u00fear voru komnir af barnsaldri og margir hverjir har\u00f0fullor\u00f0nir. \u00dev\u00ed m\u00e1 gera r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 m\u00e1lkerfi \u00feeirra hafi veri\u00f0 fullm\u00f3ta\u00f0 og ekki au\u00f0velt a\u00f0 breyta \u00fev\u00ed. En [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4523","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4523","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4523"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4523\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4533,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4523\/revisions\/4533"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4523"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4523"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4523"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}