{"id":4590,"date":"2020-10-24T08:00:14","date_gmt":"2020-10-24T08:00:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=4590"},"modified":"2022-10-09T10:39:46","modified_gmt":"2022-10-09T10:39:46","slug":"tidir-og-horf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2020\/10\/24\/tidir-og-horf\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ed\u00f0ir og horf"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cd Facebook-h\u00f3pnum M\u00e1lspjall var n\u00fdlega nokkur <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/malspjall\/posts\/402953427765402\">umr\u00e6\u00f0a<\/a> um t\u00ed\u00f0ir sagna \u2013 hversu margar og hverjar \u00fe\u00e6r v\u00e6ru. \u00cd eldri m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ib\u00f3kum, t.d. <em>\u00cdslenskri m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/em> Bj\u00f6rns Gu\u00f0finnssonar sem var a\u00f0alkennslub\u00f3k \u00ed m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed grunnsk\u00f3lum um \u00e1ratuga skei\u00f0, var gert r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir \u00e1tta t\u00ed\u00f0um. \u00dear af eru bara tv\u00e6r \u00f3samsettar, \u00fe.e. koma eing\u00f6ngu fram \u00ed s\u00f6gninni sem um er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a, en hinar sex samsettar, \u00fe.e. mynda\u00f0ar me\u00f0 hj\u00e1lpars\u00f6gn (<em>hafa<\/em> og <em>munu<\/em>) og nafnh\u00e6tti e\u00f0a l\u00fdsingarh\u00e6tti \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0ar af a\u00f0als\u00f6gninni. \u00cd n\u00fdrri m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ib\u00f3kum eru hins vegar bara n\u00fat\u00ed\u00f0 og \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0 flokka\u00f0ar sem <strong>t\u00ed\u00f0ir<\/strong>, en hin samb\u00f6ndin eru flest k\u00f6llu\u00f0 <strong>horf<\/strong>, enda eru \u00feau annars e\u00f0lis en t\u00ed\u00f0irnar tv\u00e6r. Einar Freyr Sigur\u00f0sson <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/malspjall\/posts\/403346294392782\/\">or\u00f0a\u00f0i<\/a> muninn \u00e1 \u00feessu tvennu mj\u00f6g vel \u00ed athugasemd h\u00e9r um daginn og \u00e9g tek sk\u00fdringu hans h\u00e9r upp:<\/p>\n<p>\u201e[M]unurinn \u00e1 t\u00ed\u00f0 og horfi felst svol\u00edti\u00f0 \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed hversu marga vi\u00f0mi\u00f0unarpunkta vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum \u00ed t\u00edmat\u00e1knun. T\u00ed\u00f0 hefur tvo t\u00edmapunkta, talt\u00edma (T) og atbur\u00f0art\u00edma (A) (t\u00edma \u00feess sem eitthva\u00f0 gerist). \u00cd \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0, t.d. <em>\u00c9g bor\u00f0a\u00f0i \u00ed g\u00e6r<\/em>, er \u00feetta A \u2013 T \u00fev\u00ed atbur\u00f0art\u00edminn er \u00e1 undan talt\u00edmanum (\u00feess t\u00edma sem setningin <em>\u00c9g bor\u00f0a\u00f0i \u00ed g\u00e6r<\/em> er s\u00f6g\u00f0). \u00cd n\u00fat\u00ed\u00f0 falla A og T saman en \u00ed framt\u00ed\u00f0 fer T \u00e1 undan A. \u00cd horfi b\u00e6tist svo \u00feri\u00f0ji t\u00edminn vi\u00f0, vi\u00f0munart\u00edmi (V). <em>\u00de\u00fa varst b\u00fain a\u00f0 bor\u00f0a (\u00feegar \u00e9g kom heim) <\/em>er d\u00e6mi um (loki\u00f0) horf: \u00dearna er atbur\u00f0art\u00edmi sem fer \u00e1 undan talt\u00edma og til vi\u00f0b\u00f3tar h\u00f6fum vi\u00f0 vi\u00f0mi\u00f0unart\u00edma (<em>\u00feegar \u00e9g kom heim<\/em>) sem er \u00ed \u00feessu tilfelli \u00e1 milli atbur\u00f0art\u00edma og talt\u00edma, \u00fe.e. A \u2013 V \u2013 T.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>\u00cd m\u00e1linu eru til \u00fdmis sagnasamb\u00f6nd sem gegna svipu\u00f0um hlutverkum og hinar samsettu \u201et\u00ed\u00f0ir\u201c, \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00feau s\u00e9u e\u00f0a hafi veri\u00f0 flokku\u00f0 sem t\u00ed\u00f0ir. \u00deannig er t.d. me\u00f0 sambandi\u00f0 <em>vera b\u00fainn a\u00f0<\/em>, sem er ekki til \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li \u00ed \u00feeirri merkingu sem \u00fea\u00f0 hefur n\u00fa. \u00dea\u00f0 kemur vissulega fyrir \u00ed fornum textum, en \u00fe\u00e1 \u00ed merkingunni 'rei\u00f0ub\u00fainn'. \u00cd <em>Hallfre\u00f0ar s\u00f6gu vandr\u00e6\u00f0ask\u00e1lds<\/em> segir: \u201e\u00de\u00fa hefir og enn fyrr teki\u00f0 mig me\u00f0 valdi og <strong>varst <\/strong>\u00fe\u00e1 <strong>b\u00fainn a\u00f0<\/strong> veita m\u00e9r bana.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e9r er nokku\u00f0 auglj\u00f3st a\u00f0 <em>vera b\u00fainn a\u00f0<\/em> er ekki nota\u00f0 \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmamerkingunni \u2013 \u00fe\u00e1 v\u00e6ri s\u00f6guma\u00f0ur ekki til fr\u00e1sagnar. En \u00ed \u201e\u00c6vint\u00edr af Egg\u00e9rti Gl\u00f3a\u201c, sem J\u00f3nas Hallgr\u00edmsson \u00fe\u00fdddi og birtist \u00ed fyrsta \u00e1rgangi <em>Fj\u00f6lnis<\/em>, segir: \u201e\u00deegar hann haf\u00f0i ri\u00f0i\u00f0 nokkra daga, var\u00f0 hann ekki var vi\u00f0 fyrr enn hann <strong>var b\u00fainn a\u00f0<\/strong> villast inn \u00ed klettakl\u00fangur, og s\u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0an hvurgi til vegar.\u201c H\u00e9r er jafnlj\u00f3st a\u00f0 merkingin 'rei\u00f0ub\u00fainn' \u00e1 ekki vi\u00f0, heldur n\u00fat\u00edmamerkingin. Sambandi\u00f0 vir\u00f0ist hafa fengi\u00f0 n\u00fat\u00edmamerkinguna \u00e1 17. \u00f6ld.<\/p>\n<p>Anna\u00f0 sagnasamband sem ekki er til \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li er <em>vera a\u00f0 gera eitthva\u00f0<\/em> \u2013 <em>\u00e9g er a\u00f0 lesa b\u00f3kina<\/em>. \u00cd fornum textum m\u00e1 hins vegar finna d\u00e6mi um <em>vera a\u00f0 a\u00f0 gera eitthva\u00f0<\/em>, \u00fear sem <em>a\u00f0<\/em> er tv\u00edteki\u00f0. \u00deannig segir \u00ed <em>Nj\u00e1lu<\/em>: \u201eBar \u00fea\u00f0 saman og \u00fe\u00e1<strong> var<\/strong> Gunnar <strong>a\u00f0 a\u00f0 segja<\/strong> s\u00f6guna en \u00feeir K\u00e1ri hl\u00fdddu til \u00e1 me\u00f0an \u00fati.\u201c \u00cd sl\u00edkum tilvikum er fyrra <em>a\u00f0<\/em>-i\u00f0 forsetning sem tekur me\u00f0 s\u00e9r nafnh\u00e1ttarli\u00f0inn <em>a\u00f0 segja s\u00f6guna<\/em>. \u00deetta er hli\u00f0st\u00e6tt \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 st\u00e6\u00f0i <em>\u00fe\u00e1 var Gunnar a\u00f0 st\u00f6rfum<\/em>, \u00fear sem <em>a\u00f0<\/em> tekur me\u00f0 s\u00e9r nafnor\u00f0 \u00ed sta\u00f0 nafnh\u00e1ttarli\u00f0ar \u00ed fyrra d\u00e6minu.<\/p>\n<p>En samb\u00f6nd \u00fear sem sama or\u00f0i\u00f0 kemur fyrir tvisvar \u00ed r\u00f6\u00f0, \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u00ed mismunandi hlutverkum (\u00fea\u00f0 fyrra h\u00e9r forsetning, \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ara nafnh\u00e1ttarmerki) eru \u00f3st\u00f6\u00f0ug og \u00ed \u00feessu tilviki f\u00e9llu <em>a\u00f0<\/em>-in tv\u00f6 saman og \u00far var\u00f0 n\u00fdtt sagnasamband me\u00f0 fasta merkingu \u2013 <em>vera a\u00f0 gera eitthva\u00f0<\/em>. \u00deetta samband vir\u00f0ist hafa or\u00f0i\u00f0 til \u00e1 15. \u00f6ld \u2013 a.m.k. kemur \u00fea\u00f0 fyrir \u00ed \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu Odds Gottsk\u00e1lkssonar \u00e1 <em>N\u00fdja testamentinu <\/em>fr\u00e1 1540: \u201eOg sem hann kom \u00ed musteri\u00f0, gengu til hans (sem hann <strong>var a\u00f0 kenna<\/strong>) prestah\u00f6f\u00f0ingjar og \u00f6ldungar l\u00fd\u00f0sins.\u201c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cd Facebook-h\u00f3pnum M\u00e1lspjall var n\u00fdlega nokkur umr\u00e6\u00f0a um t\u00ed\u00f0ir sagna \u2013 hversu margar og hverjar \u00fe\u00e6r v\u00e6ru. \u00cd eldri m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ib\u00f3kum, t.d. \u00cdslenskri m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0i Bj\u00f6rns Gu\u00f0finnssonar sem var a\u00f0alkennslub\u00f3k \u00ed m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed grunnsk\u00f3lum um \u00e1ratuga skei\u00f0, var gert r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir \u00e1tta t\u00ed\u00f0um. \u00dear af eru bara tv\u00e6r \u00f3samsettar, \u00fe.e. koma eing\u00f6ngu fram \u00ed s\u00f6gninni sem um [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4590","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4590","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4590"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4590\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4591,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4590\/revisions\/4591"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4590"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4590"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4590"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}