{"id":4664,"date":"2022-11-03T13:41:35","date_gmt":"2022-11-03T13:41:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=4664"},"modified":"2022-11-03T13:44:36","modified_gmt":"2022-11-03T13:44:36","slug":"gaer-er-nafnord","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2022\/11\/03\/gaer-er-nafnord\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00e6r er nafnor\u00f0!"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cd g\u00e6r s\u00e1 \u00e9g umr\u00e6\u00f0u<\/a> um \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed h\u00f3pnum Skemmtileg \u00edslensk or\u00f0 hva\u00f0a or\u00f0flokkur g\u00e6r<\/em> v\u00e6ri. Sko\u00f0un flestra var a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri atviksor\u00f0 en sum t\u00f6ldu \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3 frekar nafnor\u00f0. Vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum v\u00e6ntanlega flest l\u00e6rt a\u00f0 \u00feetta s\u00e9 atviksor\u00f0 og \u00feannig er \u00fea\u00f0 flokka\u00f0 \u00ed flestum or\u00f0ab\u00f3kum og kennslub\u00f3kum, held \u00e9g, sem og \u00ed Beygingarl\u00fdsingu \u00edslensks n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls<\/em>. Undantekning er \u00fe\u00f3 Ritm\u00e1lssafn \u00c1rnastofnunar<\/em> \u00fear sem g\u00e6r<\/em> er flokka\u00f0<\/a> sem nafnor\u00f0 \u00ed hvorugkyni. \u00cd Den Danske Ordbog<\/em> er g\u00e5r<\/em> sem er au\u00f0vita\u00f0 sama or\u00f0 og kemur eing\u00f6ngu fyrir \u00ed sambandinu i g\u00e5r <\/em>flokka\u00f0<\/a> sem nafnor\u00f0. Samsvarandi or\u00f0 \u00ed \u00fe\u00fdsku, gestern<\/em>, er hins vegar flokka\u00f0 sem atviksor\u00f0 enda stendur \u00fea\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6tt en ekki me\u00f0 forsetningu.<\/p>\n

Vissulega er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 f\u00e6ra b\u00e6\u00f0i merkingarleg og beygingarleg r\u00f6k fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 g\u00e6r<\/em> s\u00e9 atviksor\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 kemur eing\u00f6ngu fyrir \u00ed sambandinu \u00ed g\u00e6r<\/em> sem hefur atvikslega merkingu \u2013 \u00ed setningum eins og \u00e9g kom \u00ed g\u00e6r <\/em>getum vi\u00f0 sett d\u00e6miger\u00f0 atviksor\u00f0 eins og \u00e1\u00f0an<\/em>, n\u00fdlega<\/em> o.s.frv. \u00ed sta\u00f0inn fyrir \u00ed g\u00e6r<\/em>. En \u00fear koma atviksor\u00f0in \u00ed sta\u00f0 sambandsins <\/strong>\u00ed g\u00e6r<\/em>, ekki bara \u00ed sta\u00f0 or\u00f0sins<\/strong> g\u00e6r<\/em>. Vi\u00f0 getum l\u00edka teki\u00f0 setningu eins og \u00e9g kom \u00ed morgun <\/em>og sett \u00e1\u00f0an <\/em>e\u00f0a n\u00fdlega<\/em> \u00ed sta\u00f0inn fyrir \u00ed morgun<\/em> en samt dettur engum \u00ed hug a\u00f0 segja a\u00f0 morgun<\/em> s\u00e9 atviksor\u00f0. \u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0an er au\u00f0vita\u00f0 s\u00fa a\u00f0 morgun<\/em> kemur fyrir sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6tt, utan sambandsins \u00ed morgun<\/em>, en g\u00e6r<\/em> kemur eing\u00f6ngu fyrir \u00ed \u00feessu sambandi. Merkingarlegu r\u00f6kin duga \u00fev\u00ed varla ein og s\u00e9r.<\/p>\n

S\u00fa sta\u00f0reynd a\u00f0 g\u00e6r <\/em>kemur eing\u00f6ngu fyrir \u00ed \u00feessu sambandi er l\u00edka notu\u00f0 sem r\u00f6k fyrir greiningu or\u00f0sins sem atviksor\u00f0s. \u00c1 bak vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 vir\u00f0ist liggja s\u00fa hugmynd a\u00f0 \u00f6ll nafnor\u00f0 hlj\u00f3ti a\u00f0 geta komi\u00f0 fyrir \u00ed mismunandi beygingarmyndum. En \u00fev\u00ed fer fjarri \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 er til s\u00e6gur nafnor\u00f0a sem koma eing\u00f6ngu fyrir \u00ed einu or\u00f0asambandi og \u00fear af lei\u00f0andi a\u00f0eins \u00ed einni beygingarmynd. Engum dettur \u00ed hug a\u00f0 flokka takteinum<\/em>, bo\u00f0st\u00f3lum<\/em> og kyrr\u00feey <\/em>sem atviksor\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00feau komi a\u00f0eins fyrir \u00ed samb\u00f6ndunum \u00e1 takteinum<\/em>, \u00e1 bo\u00f0st\u00f3lum<\/em> og \u00ed kyrr\u00feey<\/em>. \u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0an er s\u00fa a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 tengjum or\u00f0hlutana -teinn<\/em>, -st\u00f3ll<\/em> og -\u00feeyr<\/em> vi\u00f0 or\u00f0in teinn<\/em>, st\u00f3ll<\/em> og \u00feeyr<\/em> sem au\u00f0vita\u00f0 eru til sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0, og hikum \u00feess vegna ekki vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 greina samsetningarnar sem nafnor\u00f0.<\/p>\n

\u00deannig er \u00fea\u00f0 ekki me\u00f0 g\u00e6r<\/em> \u2013 vi\u00f0 finnum \u00fea\u00f0 hvergi sem seinni li\u00f0 samsetninga (nema<\/a> fyrrag\u00e6r<\/em>). En sama m\u00e1li gegnir t.d. me\u00f0 tagi <\/em>(e\u00f0a<\/a> t\u00e6i<\/em>) \u00ed samb\u00f6ndum eins og af \u00feessu<\/em>\/\u00fdmsu tagi<\/em>. \u00dea\u00f0 kemur eing\u00f6ngu fyrir \u00ed \u00feessari mynd og er ekki a\u00f0 finna \u00ed neinum samsetningum. Samt sem \u00e1\u00f0ur er \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e6vinlega flokka\u00f0 sem hvorugkynsnafnor\u00f0. L\u00edklega er \u00fea\u00f0 endingin -i <\/em>sem er \u00fe\u00e1gufallsending allra sterkra hvorugkynsor\u00f0a sem \u00fdtir undir \u00fe\u00e1 flokkun. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 g\u00e6r<\/em> hefur enga endingu, enda stendur \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feolfalli (ef \u00fea\u00f0 er fallor\u00f0) og sterk hvorugkynsor\u00f0 eru endingarlaus \u00ed \u00feolfalli. \u00dea\u00f0 eru \u00feess vegna engar beygingarlegar e\u00f0a or\u00f0myndunarlegar v\u00edsbendingar um a\u00f0 g\u00e6r <\/em>s\u00e9 nafnor\u00f0. En ekki heldur gegn <\/strong>\u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 nafnor\u00f0.<\/p>\n

\u00de\u00e1 m\u00e1 leita til upprunans. \u00cd \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0sifjab\u00f3k<\/em> er or\u00f0i\u00f0 tengt vi\u00f0 gestern <\/em>\u00ed \u00fe\u00fdsku, gistradagis <\/em>\u00ed gotnesku (sem merkir reyndar '\u00e1 morgun' eins og \u00ed g\u00e6r<\/em> gat gert \u00ed sk\u00e1ldam\u00e1li) og h\u0115r\u012b <\/em>\u00ed lat\u00ednu sem allt eru atviksor\u00f0. \u00cd \u00feessum m\u00e1lum stendur or\u00f0i\u00f0 ekki \u00e1 eftir forsetningu eins og \u00ed \u00edslensku og d\u00f6nsku \u2013 h\u00fan er s\u00ed\u00f0ari t\u00edma vi\u00f0b\u00f3t. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed engin \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 efast um a\u00f0 g\u00e6r <\/em>s\u00e9 upphaflega atviksor\u00f0, en \u00fea\u00f0 er fjarri \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 vera einsd\u00e6mi a\u00f0 or\u00f0 flytjist milli flokka. N\u00e6gir a\u00f0 nefna atviksor\u00f0i\u00f0 stundum <\/em>sem er upphaflega \u00fe\u00e1gufall fleirt\u00f6lu af nafnor\u00f0inu stund<\/em>, og nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 n\u00f3 <\/em>\u00ed sambandinu \u00e1 n\u00f3inu<\/em> sem er komi\u00f0<\/a> \u00far ensku neituninni no<\/em>. Or\u00f0in j\u00e1<\/em> og nei<\/em> eru oftast greind sem atviksor\u00f0 (e\u00f0a upphr\u00f3panir) en geta einnig veri\u00f0 nafnor\u00f0. O.s.frv.<\/p>\n

Hvorki merkingarleg n\u00e9 beygingarleg n\u00e9 or\u00f0sifjafr\u00e6\u00f0ileg r\u00f6k duga \u00fev\u00ed til a\u00f0 s\u00fdna fram \u00e1 a\u00f0 g\u00e6r<\/em> s\u00e9 atviksor\u00f0. Aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti bendir setningafr\u00e6\u00f0ileg sta\u00f0a or\u00f0sins eindregi\u00f0 til \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 nafnor\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 stendur \u00e1 eftir d\u00e6miger\u00f0ri forsetningu, \u00ed<\/em>, \u00ed samb\u00f6ndum sem vir\u00f0ast alveg hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0 vi\u00f0 samb\u00f6nd \u00ed <\/em>og \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6\u00f0ra nafnor\u00f0a \u2013 \u00ed dag<\/em>, \u00ed morgun<\/em>, \u00ed kv\u00f6ld<\/em>. Einnig m\u00e1 benda \u00e1 hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0u vi\u00f0 sambandi\u00f0 \u00ed fyrradag<\/em>. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 fyrradag<\/em> er ekki til \u00ed nefnifalli \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 kemur bara fyrir \u00ed \u00feessu sambandi, r\u00e9tt eins og g\u00e6r<\/em>, en engum dettur \u00fe\u00f3 \u00ed hug a\u00f0 kalla \u00fea\u00f0 atviksor\u00f0. Er eitthvert vit \u00ed a\u00f0 segja a\u00f0 \u00ed dag<\/em> og \u00ed fyrradag<\/em> s\u00e9u samb\u00f6nd forsetningar og nafnor\u00f0s, en \u00ed g\u00e6r <\/em>s\u00e9 samband tveggja atviksor\u00f0a (\u00ed<\/em> telst ekki forsetning nema stj\u00f3rna falli)?<\/p>\n

A\u00f0 \u00f6llu samanl\u00f6g\u00f0u tel \u00e9g engan vafa leika \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 r\u00e9ttast s\u00e9 a\u00f0 greina g\u00e6r<\/em> sem nafnor\u00f0<\/strong>. En \u00fe\u00e1 vaknar spurningin: \u00cd hva\u00f0a kyni? \u00dev\u00ed er ekki au\u00f0velt a\u00f0 svara. \u00de\u00e6r v\u00edsbendingar sem vi\u00f0 notum venjulega til a\u00f0 greina kyn nafnor\u00f0a eru beygingin, greinirinn, kyn l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0a og fornafna sem me\u00f0 \u00feeim standa, og kyn fornafna sem v\u00edsa til \u00feeirra. Engu \u00feessara einkenna er til a\u00f0 dreifa h\u00e9r og \u00fe\u00e1 er a\u00f0eins eftir a\u00f0 l\u00edta \u00e1 ger\u00f0 or\u00f0sins sj\u00e1lfs. \u00cd sj\u00e1lfu s\u00e9r g\u00e6ti or\u00f0 af \u00feessu tagi veri\u00f0 \u00ed hva\u00f0a kyni sem er en einhvern veginn finnst m\u00e9r e\u00f0lilegast a\u00f0 telja \u00feetta hvorugkyn. \u00cd raun er \u00feetta \u00fe\u00f3 eing\u00f6ngu fr\u00e6\u00f0ileg spurning \u2013 vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 kemur eing\u00f6ngu fyrir \u00ed einu sambandi, og aldrei er v\u00edsa\u00f0 til \u00feess me\u00f0 fornafni, reynir aldrei \u00e1 kyni\u00f0.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cd g\u00e6r s\u00e1 \u00e9g umr\u00e6\u00f0u um \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed h\u00f3pnum Skemmtileg \u00edslensk or\u00f0 hva\u00f0a or\u00f0flokkur g\u00e6r v\u00e6ri. Sko\u00f0un flestra var a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri atviksor\u00f0 en sum t\u00f6ldu \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3 frekar nafnor\u00f0. Vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum v\u00e6ntanlega flest l\u00e6rt a\u00f0 \u00feetta s\u00e9 atviksor\u00f0 og \u00feannig er \u00fea\u00f0 flokka\u00f0 \u00ed flestum or\u00f0ab\u00f3kum og kennslub\u00f3kum, held \u00e9g, sem og \u00ed Beygingarl\u00fdsingu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4664","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4664","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4664"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4664\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4666,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4664\/revisions\/4666"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4664"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4664"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4664"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}