{"id":4680,"date":"2022-11-18T16:19:37","date_gmt":"2022-11-18T16:19:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=4680"},"modified":"2023-04-11T22:37:29","modified_gmt":"2023-04-11T22:37:29","slug":"verum-knusfus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2022\/11\/18\/verum-knusfus\/","title":{"rendered":"Verum kn\u00fasf\u00fas!"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cd \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0sifjab\u00f3k<\/em> kemur fram<\/a> a\u00f0 s\u00f6gnin kn\u00fasa <\/em>sj\u00e1ist fyrst \u00e1 17. \u00f6ld \u00ed merkingunni 'knosa, mylja, \u00fejarma a\u00f0' og s\u00e9 t\u00f6kuor\u00f0 \u00far d\u00f6nsku s\u00f6gninni knuse<\/em> sem hefur \u00feessa merkingu. Sama merking er gefin upp \u00ed fyrri \u00fatg\u00e1fum \u00cdslenskrar or\u00f0ab\u00f3kar<\/em> en \u00ed \u00feri\u00f0ju \u00fatg\u00e1fu er b\u00fai\u00f0 a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta vi\u00f0 merkingunni 'fa\u00f0ma e-n' sem s\u00f6g\u00f0 er \u201e\u00f3formlegt m\u00e1l\u201c og sama gildir um nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 kn\u00fas<\/em> sem sagt er merkja 'innilegt fa\u00f0mlag'. Danska s\u00f6gnin knuse <\/em>getur reyndar haft \u00feessa merkingu l\u00edka og \u00feetta er eina merkingin \u00ed nafnor\u00f0inu knus<\/em>. Merkingin 'fa\u00f0ma (e-n)' er s\u00fa eina sem er gefin upp<\/a> fyrir kn\u00fasa <\/em>\u00ed \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em> og nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 kn\u00fas<\/em> er \u00fear \u00ed merkingunni 'fa\u00f0mlag' \u2013 hvorugt or\u00f0i\u00f0 f\u00e6r nokkra s\u00e9rmerkingu.<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed lj\u00f3st er a\u00f0 \u00fearna hefur or\u00f0i\u00f0 breyting \u00e1 merkingu og m\u00e1lsni\u00f0i. \u00cd eldri d\u00e6mum hefur s\u00f6gnin \u00fe\u00e1 merkingu sem gefin er \u00ed \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0sifjab\u00f3k<\/em>. \u00cd Freyju<\/em> 1903 segir t.d.: \u201eSvo gr\u00f6m var h\u00fan yfir \u00feessu a\u00f0 h\u00fan gat ekk\u00ed l\u00e1ti\u00f0 vera a\u00f0 gj\u00f6ra f\u00f3lkinu upp or\u00f0in \u00fev\u00ed vi\u00f0v\u00edkjandi, og \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3 sl\u00edk a\u00f0fer\u00f0 kn\u00fasa\u00f0i allar tilfinningar hennar.\u201c \u00cd Freyju <\/em>1905 segir: \u201eFyrir einu \u00e1ri s\u00ed\u00f0an lei\u00f0 \u00feessari fj\u00f6lskyldu einnig vel, allt \u00fear til eiginma\u00f0urinn og fa\u00f0ir litlu barnanna \u00fearna var fluttur heim, einn g\u00f3\u00f0an ve\u00f0urdag, sundur kn\u00fasa\u00f0ur undan trj\u00e1m sem \u00f3a\u00f0g\u00e6tinn samverkama\u00f0ur felldi \u00e1 hann.\u201c Einnig var algengt a\u00f0 tala um kn\u00fasa\u00f0 mj\u00f6l<\/em>, og stundum kn\u00fasa\u00f0 m\u00e1l<\/em> e\u00f0a kn\u00fasa\u00f0 or\u00f0alag<\/em> \u00fear sem n\u00fa v\u00e6ri frekar nota\u00f0 knosa\u00f0<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Elsta d\u00e6mi sem \u00e9g hef fundi\u00f0 um merkinguna 'fa\u00f0ma' er \u00ed F\u00e1lkanum<\/em> 1950: \u201eS\u00ed\u00f0an mundu \u00feau kn\u00fasa hvort anna\u00f0 \u00ed \u00e1starv\u00edmu, sem mundi blossa upp \u00far gl\u00f3\u00f0um hinna n\u00fdju fr\u00e9tta.\u201c \u00cd Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ubla\u00f0inu<\/em> sama \u00e1r segir: \u201eHana getur\u00f0u kysst \u2026 henni getur\u00f0u \u00fer\u00fdst a\u00f0 barmi \u00fe\u00ednum . . . hana getur \u00fe\u00fa krami\u00f0 og kn\u00fasa\u00f0.\u201c \u00cd F\u00e1lkanum<\/em> 1951 segir: \u201eH\u00e1r og grannur, \u00f3kunnur ma\u00f0ur me\u00f0 har\u00f0ar varir, sem h\u00f6f\u00f0u kn\u00fasa\u00f0 varir hennar, og me\u00f0 gr\u00e1, dj\u00faphugul augu.\u201c D\u00e6mum um \u00feessa merkingu fer svo sm\u00e1tt og sm\u00e1tt fj\u00f6lgandi en eldri merkingin er \u00fe\u00f3 yfirgn\u00e6fandi lengi vel, l\u00edklega fram undir 1980. Upp \u00far \u00fev\u00ed fer notkun or\u00f0anna kn\u00fas<\/em> og kn\u00fasa<\/em> \u00f6rt vaxandi og margfaldast svo upp \u00far aldam\u00f3tum.<\/p>\n

N\u00fa er s\u00f6gnin sennilega alltaf \u00ed n\u00fdrri merkingunni \u2013 s\u00fa upphaflega vir\u00f0ist vera \u00fev\u00ed sem n\u00e6st horfin \u00fe\u00f3tt h\u00fan lifi enn g\u00f3\u00f0u l\u00edfi \u00ed d\u00f6nsku. En \u00fea\u00f0 er ekki eini munurinn \u00e1 \u00fer\u00f3un \u00edslensku sagnarinnar og \u00feeirrar d\u00f6nsku. \u00deannig er mi\u00f0myndin kn\u00fasast<\/em> algeng og merking eldri d\u00e6ma um hana er \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 merkingu germyndarinnar \u2013 \u201eHef\u00f0i Ulla ekki veri\u00f0 farin \u00fat, hef\u00f0i h\u00fan kn\u00fasast undir hinu \u00feunga \u00feaki\u201c segir \u00ed Barnabla\u00f0inu<\/em> 1955. En \u00ed V\u00edsi<\/em> 1971 er n\u00fdrri merkingin komin til s\u00f6gu \u2013 \u201eK\u00e6rustupar vitum vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 kn\u00fasast\u201c. \u00de\u00f3tt merkingin s\u00e9 venjulega 'fa\u00f0mast' \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 germyndina er stundum eitthva\u00f0 meira gefi\u00f0 \u00ed skyn, eins og \u00ed Fr\u00e9ttabla\u00f0inu <\/em>2015: \u201e\u00c1stin m\u00edn, mig langar a\u00f0eins a\u00f0 kn\u00fasast en \u00e9g er mj\u00f6g \u00fereytt\/-ur.\u201c<\/p>\n

Elsta d\u00e6mi um or\u00f0i\u00f0 kn\u00fas<\/em> er \u00ed Castria <\/em>1939: \u201e\u201eEru\u00f0 \u00fei\u00f0 b\u00fanar a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 hann Tyrone Power \u00e1 N\u00fdja B\u00ed\u00f3?\u201c \u201eJ\u00e1, gu-u\u00f0, er hann ekki yndislegur?\u201c \u201eAlveg kn\u00fas.\u201c\u201c Anna\u00f0 d\u00e6mi er \u00far Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1948: \u201eKalli var \u00fearna au\u00f0vita\u00f0, og hann er n\u00fa alveg kn\u00fas.\u201c \u00dearna er kn\u00fas <\/em>nota\u00f0 sem l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 en ekki vir\u00f0ist hafa or\u00f0i\u00f0 miki\u00f0 framhald \u00e1 \u00feeirri notkun \u00fe\u00f3tt or\u00f0flokkur s\u00e9 reyndar \u00f3viss \u00ed M\u00e1nudagsbla\u00f0inu<\/em> 1949: \u201e\u00d3, \u00e9g veit a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fa hefur aldrei \u00e1 \u00e6fi \u00feinni s\u00e9\u00f0 anna\u00f0 eins kn\u00fas.\u201c En elsta \u00f6rugga d\u00e6mi um kn\u00fas <\/em>sem nafnor\u00f0 er \u00ed \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0viljanum <\/em>1961: \u201e\u00c9g hef\u00f0i haldi\u00f0 a\u00f0 kvenma\u00f0ur \u00feyrfti ekki anna\u00f0 til a\u00f0 vera \u00ed sj\u00f6unda himni en n\u00fdjan pels \u00e1 hverju \u00e1ri og s\u00e6milegt kn\u00fas \u00f6\u00f0ru hverju.\u201c<\/p>\n

S\u00f6gnin kn\u00fasa<\/em> liggur l\u00edka \u00e1 bak vi\u00f0 nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 hjartakn\u00fasari <\/em>sem sk\u00fdrt<\/a> er 'kyn\u00feokkafullur karlma\u00f0ur sem n\u00fdtur hylli kvenna' \u00ed \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em>. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 kemur fyrst fyrir \u00ed Speglinum<\/em> 1950: \u201eHjartakn\u00fasari og hetja s\u00edns \u00e6ttlands.\u201c En myndin hjartaknosari <\/em>er eldri, kemur m.a. fyrir \u00ed Fegur\u00f0 himinsins<\/em> eftir Halld\u00f3r Laxness fr\u00e1 1940: \u201e\u00fea\u00f0 var\u00f0 heyrinkunnugt snemma dags a\u00f0 me\u00f0al far\u00feega v\u00e6ri hjartaknosari nokkur a\u00f0 austan.\u201c Or\u00f0i\u00f0 hjerteknuser <\/em>er til \u00ed d\u00f6nsku \u00ed s\u00f6mu merkingu og tr\u00falegt er a\u00f0 \u00edslenska or\u00f0i\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u00e6tta\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0an, frekar en vera \u00edslensk n\u00fdmyndun. En knuse hjerte<\/em> \u00e1 d\u00f6nsku merkir 'gera \u00f3hamingjusaman', sbr. break heart<\/em> \u00e1 ensku, og spurning hvort hjartakn\u00fasari<\/em>\/-knosari <\/em>hafi haft \u00fe\u00e1 merkingu upphaflega.<\/p>\n

Fleiri samsetningar m\u00e6tti nefna, svo sem kn\u00faskyssa <\/em>sem kemur fyrst fyrir \u00ed Samt\u00ed\u00f0inni<\/em> 1946: \u201e\u00deegar st\u00falkan s\u00e1 piltinn, hlj\u00f3p h\u00fan rakleitt \u00ed fa\u00f0m hans, kn\u00faskyssti hann og hr\u00f3pa\u00f0i fagnandi.\u201c Samsvarandi s\u00f6gn er ekki til \u00ed d\u00f6nsku \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00feetta vir\u00f0ist vera \u00edslensk n\u00fdmyndun sem ekki hefur komist inn \u00ed or\u00f0ab\u00e6kur \u00fe\u00f3tt h\u00fan s\u00e9 \u00ed Beygingarl\u00fdsingu \u00edslensks n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls<\/em>. S\u00ed\u00f0ast en ekki s\u00edst er svo hi\u00f0 st\u00f3rskemmtilega l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 kn\u00fasf\u00fas<\/em> eftir J\u00f3nasarver\u00f0launahafann Braga Valdimar Sk\u00falason sem hvetur f\u00f3lk einmitt til a\u00f0 n\u00fdta betur \u00fdmis vann\u00fdtt or\u00f0. \u00cd n\u00fdrri \u00fatg\u00e1fu Risam\u00e1heildarinnar <\/em>sem hefur a\u00f0 geyma 2,4 milljar\u00f0a or\u00f0a eru a\u00f0eins 11 d\u00e6mi<\/a> um \u00feetta \u00e1g\u00e6ta or\u00f0. Vi\u00f0 skulum endilega nota \u00fea\u00f0 meira \u2013 ekki veitir af.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cd \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0sifjab\u00f3k kemur fram a\u00f0 s\u00f6gnin kn\u00fasa sj\u00e1ist fyrst \u00e1 17. \u00f6ld \u00ed merkingunni 'knosa, mylja, \u00fejarma a\u00f0' og s\u00e9 t\u00f6kuor\u00f0 \u00far d\u00f6nsku s\u00f6gninni knuse sem hefur \u00feessa merkingu. Sama merking er gefin upp \u00ed fyrri \u00fatg\u00e1fum \u00cdslenskrar or\u00f0ab\u00f3kar en \u00ed \u00feri\u00f0ju \u00fatg\u00e1fu er b\u00fai\u00f0 a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta vi\u00f0 merkingunni 'fa\u00f0ma e-n' sem s\u00f6g\u00f0 er […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4680","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4680","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4680"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4680\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5063,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4680\/revisions\/5063"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4680"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4680"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4680"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}