{"id":4738,"date":"2022-12-09T17:17:30","date_gmt":"2022-12-09T17:17:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=4738"},"modified":"2022-12-09T17:17:30","modified_gmt":"2022-12-09T17:17:30","slug":"er-saegur-geliskra-tokuorda-i-islensku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2022\/12\/09\/er-saegur-geliskra-tokuorda-i-islensku\/","title":{"rendered":"Er s\u00e6gur gel\u00edskra t\u00f6kuor\u00f0a \u00ed \u00edslensku?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cd n\u00fdrri b\u00f3k er \u00fev\u00ed haldi\u00f0 fram<\/a> a\u00f0 gel\u00edsk or\u00f0 \u00ed \u00edslensku skipti hundru\u00f0um e\u00f0a \u00fe\u00fasundum og gel\u00edska hafi jafnvel veri\u00f0 t\u00f6lu\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00cdslandi \u00e1 undan norr\u00e6nu. \u00cd\u00a0umr\u00e6\u00f0u<\/a> \u00e1 Facebook um daginn l\u00fdsti \u00e9g efasemdum um \u00feetta \u00fat fr\u00e1 \u00feeim d\u00e6mum sem \u00e9g haf\u00f0i s\u00e9\u00f0 \u00far b\u00f3kinni en t\u00f3k fram a\u00f0 \u00e9g hef\u00f0i ekki lesi\u00f0 hana. N\u00fa hef \u00e9g rennt \u00ed gegnum b\u00f3kina \u2013 a\u00f0 v\u00edsu ekki lesi\u00f0 hana alla fr\u00e1 or\u00f0i til or\u00f0s en leita\u00f0 vandlega a\u00f0 r\u00f6kum fyrir \u00feessum miklu gel\u00edsku \u00e1hrifum \u00e1 m\u00e1li\u00f0. \u00deau er ekki a\u00f0 finna \u00ed b\u00f3kinni \u2013 allt er byggt \u00e1 tilg\u00e1tum. \u00de\u00f3tt hundra\u00f0 \u00f6ftustu s\u00ed\u00f0ur b\u00f3karinnar s\u00e9u skr\u00e1 um \u00fdmiss konar \u00edslensk or\u00f0 sem g\u00e6tu veri\u00f0 komin \u00far gel\u00edsku a\u00f0 mati h\u00f6fundar eru ekki f\u00e6r\u00f0 nein r\u00f6k fyrir \u00fev\u00ed og ekki v\u00edsa\u00f0 \u00ed neinar heimildir.<\/p>\n

Dr. Helgi Gu\u00f0mundsson pr\u00f3fessor emeritus hefur rannsaka\u00f0 \u00feetta m\u00e1l mj\u00f6g miki\u00f0 og kanna\u00f0 mikinn fj\u00f6lda heimilda. \u00cd \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0sifjab\u00f3k<\/em> hefur \u00c1sgeir Bl\u00f6ndal Magn\u00fasson einnig sk\u00fdrt megni\u00f0 af \u00feeim or\u00f0um sem fjalla\u00f0 er um \u00ed b\u00f3kinni Keltar<\/em> \u00e1 annan h\u00e1tt en \u00fear er gert. B\u00e1\u00f0ir eru l\u00e6r\u00f0ir m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ingar sem byggja umfj\u00f6llun s\u00edna \u00e1 \u00feekkingu \u00e1 m\u00e1ls\u00f6gu og or\u00f0sifjafr\u00e6\u00f0i. Tenging \u00edslenskra or\u00f0a vi\u00f0 gel\u00edsk or\u00f0 \u00ed \u00e1\u00f0urnefndri b\u00f3k vir\u00f0ist hins vegar einkum bygg\u00f0 \u00e1 yfirbor\u00f0sl\u00edkindum \u00ed rith\u00e6tti og merkingarl\u00edkindum sem stundum eru langs\u00f3tt, \u00e1n tillits til frambur\u00f0ar, hlj\u00f3\u00f0s\u00f6gu og hlj\u00f3\u00f0\u00fer\u00f3unar \u2013 og \u00e1n nokkurs tillits til annarra sk\u00fdringa sem hafa veri\u00f0 settar fram e\u00f0a tilrauna til a\u00f0 hrekja \u00fe\u00e6r.<\/p>\n

\u00cd b\u00f3kinni Um haf innan<\/em> fjallar Helgi um \u00feau gel\u00edsku t\u00f6kor\u00f0 sem hann hefur fundi\u00f0 \u00ed \u00edslensku og telur \u00feau alls 46 \u2013 hvorki hundru\u00f0 n\u00e9 \u00fe\u00fasundir. Hann segir a\u00f0 m\u00f6rg \u00f6nnur or\u00f0 hafi \u201everi\u00f0 talin til gel\u00edskra t\u00f6kuor\u00f0a, og m\u00f6rgum upprunask\u00fdringum [...] veri\u00f0 varpa\u00f0 fram \u00e1n r\u00f6kstu\u00f0nings. H\u00e9r er reynt a\u00f0 vinza \u00far og a\u00f0eins \u00fea\u00f0 teki\u00f0 me\u00f0, sem telst nokku\u00f0 sennilegt e\u00f0a \u00f6ruggt. \u00de\u00f3 er h\u00e6tt vi\u00f0, a\u00f0 h\u00e9r s\u00e9 frekar oftali\u00f0 en vantali\u00f0.\u201c \u00cd inngangi a\u00f0 skr\u00e1 og \u00edtarlegri umfj\u00f6llun um \u00feessi or\u00f0 segir Helgi svo: \u201eMargs er a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta vi\u00f0 athugun \u00e1 or\u00f0um, sem m\u00e1 \u00e6tla, a\u00f0 s\u00e9u komin \u00far gel\u00edsku \u00ed norr\u00e6n m\u00e1l. \u00dear ver\u00f0ur margt a\u00f0 koma heim, til \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00f6ruggt geti talizt, e\u00f0a a\u00f0 minnsta kosti sennilegt, a\u00f0 \u00feau s\u00e9u t\u00f6kuor\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00ed stuttu m\u00e1li \u00feetta.<\/p>\n

Myndir or\u00f0anna ver\u00f0a a\u00f0 koma saman. Hlj\u00f3\u00f0kerfi norr\u00e6nu og gel\u00edsku voru \u00f3l\u00edk, og or\u00f0 breytast, \u00feegar \u00feau flytjast milli m\u00e1la. \u00cd sumum tilvikum svarar til hvers hlj\u00f3\u00f0s \u00ed norr\u00e6nu \u00fea\u00f0 hlj\u00f3\u00f0, sem var l\u00edkast \u00ed gel\u00edsku. Ef einhver fr\u00e1vik eru fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed, ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 leita sk\u00fdringar. Or\u00f0 ver\u00f0a einnig a\u00f0 koma saman a\u00f0 merkingu. Stundum eru \u00fear fr\u00e1vik, og \u00fe\u00e1 er a\u00f0 reyna a\u00f0 finna, hvernig \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed stendur. Um gel\u00edsk or\u00f0 ver\u00f0a a\u00f0 vera g\u00f3\u00f0ar heimildir \u00ed gel\u00edsku m\u00e1lunum, e\u00f0a einhverju \u00feeirra, helzt gamlar. Stundum getur veri\u00f0 um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a t\u00f6kuor\u00f0 \u00ed gel\u00edsku \u00far \u00f6\u00f0rum m\u00e1lum. Norr\u00e6nt or\u00f0 getur ekki talizt t\u00f6kuor\u00f0, nema \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 einangra\u00f0 \u00ed norr\u00e6nu og ekki s\u00e9 h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 finna norr\u00e6nan uppruna \u00feess.\u201c<\/p>\n

Ekkert bendir til \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00ed umr\u00e6ddri b\u00f3k hafi veri\u00f0 huga\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00feeim forsendum sem Helgi nefnir a\u00f0 \u00feurfi a\u00f0 vera til sta\u00f0ar til a\u00f0 h\u00e6gt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 halda \u00fev\u00ed fram a\u00f0 um gel\u00edsk t\u00f6kuor\u00f0 s\u00e9 a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a. Fyrir utan \u00fea\u00f0 sem \u00fear er nefnt \u00fearf vitanlega a\u00f0 hafa \u00ed huga a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3tt norr\u00e6na og gel\u00edska s\u00e9u vissulega ekki n\u00e1skyldar eru hvort tveggja ind\u00f3evr\u00f3psk m\u00e1l og \u00fev\u00ed m\u00e1 b\u00faast vi\u00f0 fj\u00f6lda skyldra or\u00f0a \u00ed m\u00e1lunum \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 um \u00e1hrif annars \u00e1 hitt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a. \u00deegar sameiginleg r\u00f3t er \u00ed \u00edslensku og gel\u00edsku or\u00f0i svipa\u00f0rar merkingar er m.\u00f6.o. langl\u00edklegast a\u00f0 b\u00e6\u00f0i or\u00f0in megi rekja beint til ind\u00f3evr\u00f3psku. \u00dear a\u00f0 auki er vita\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fdmis norr\u00e6n or\u00f0<\/a> komust inn \u00ed gel\u00edsku \u00e1 s\u00ednum t\u00edma \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00e1hrifin geta l\u00edka veri\u00f0 \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1 \u00e1tt.<\/p>\n

Me\u00f0al \u00feess sem nefnt er til a\u00f0 r\u00f6ksty\u00f0ja gel\u00edsk \u00e1hrif \u00e1 \u00edslensku er a\u00f0 a\u00f0bl\u00e1stur s\u00e9 \u201el\u00edkur \u00ed \u00edslensku og skoskri gel\u00edsku\u201c. Athugi\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fearna er tala\u00f0 um skoska gel\u00edsku \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00e1hrifin s\u00e9u annars oftast rakin til \u00edrsku, en \u00fear er enginn a\u00f0bl\u00e1stur. Reyndar hefur lengi veri\u00f0 tali\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00e1hrifin s\u00e9u \u00ed hina \u00e1ttina, a\u00f0 a\u00f0bl\u00e1sturinn \u00ed skosk-gel\u00edsku s\u00e9 tilkominn fyrir \u00e1hrif fr\u00e1 norr\u00e6nu, en n\u00fdjar ranns\u00f3knir<\/a> benda hins vegar til a\u00f0 a\u00f0bl\u00e1sturinn \u00ed skosk-gel\u00edsku s\u00e9 sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0 \u00fer\u00f3un. En \u00fear fyrir utan er ekki eins og \u00edslenska s\u00e9 eina Nor\u00f0urlandam\u00e1li\u00f0 sem hefur a\u00f0bl\u00e1stur. Hann er l\u00edka a\u00f0 finna \u00ed nokkrum norskum m\u00e1ll\u00fdskum, og einnig \u00ed sam\u00edsku. \u00dea\u00f0 kippir grundvellinum undan \u00feeirri hugmynd a\u00f0 \u00edslenski a\u00f0bl\u00e1sturinn s\u00e9 tilkominn fyrir gel\u00edsk \u00e1hrif.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nnur r\u00f6k sem nefnd eru fyrir gel\u00edskum \u00e1hrifum \u00e1 \u00edslensku eru \u00feessi: \u201e\u00de\u00e1 nota Skotar forsetningar til a\u00f0 afmarka eign eins og gert er \u00e1 \u00edslensku, t.d. \u00feegar sagt er hausinn \u00e1<\/em> m\u00e9r, hjarta\u00f0 \u00ed<\/em> m\u00e9r. \u00deetta er \u00f3l\u00edkt \u00fev\u00ed sem t\u00ed\u00f0kist \u00ed hinum Nor\u00f0urlandam\u00e1lunum.\u201c En \u00feetta er ekki heppilegt d\u00e6mi. \u00cd fornu m\u00e1li var nefnilega sagt h\u00f6fu\u00f0 mitt<\/em>, hjarta mitt<\/em>. Notkun forsetninga \u00ed sl\u00edkum tilvikum, um \u201e\u00f3rj\u00fafanlega eign\u201c eins og l\u00edkamshluta og l\u00edff\u00e6ri, er n\u00fdjung \u00ed \u00edslensku. Vissulega g\u00f6mul n\u00fdjung, fr\u00e1 14.-15. \u00f6ld, en samt sem \u00e1\u00f0ur \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir \u00feetta a\u00f0 ekki er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 nota \u00feessa setningager\u00f0 sem r\u00f6k fyrir gel\u00edskum \u00e1hrifum \u00e1 \u00edslensku vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00feeim t\u00edma hlj\u00f3ta sl\u00edk \u00e1hrif a\u00f0 hafa veri\u00f0 horfin fyrir l\u00f6ngu \u2013 ef \u00feau voru einhvern t\u00edma til sta\u00f0ar.<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e1 vel vera a\u00f0 gel\u00edsk \u00e1hrif s\u00e9u \u00e1berandi \u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0rum svi\u00f0um \u00edslenskrar s\u00f6gu og menningar, t.d. \u00ed fornleifum og \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0s\u00f6gum. Um \u00fea\u00f0 hef \u00e9g ekki forsendur til a\u00f0 d\u00e6ma. En \u00fea\u00f0 sem sagt er \u00ed umr\u00e6ddri b\u00f3k um mikil gel\u00edsk \u00e1hrif \u00e1 tungum\u00e1li\u00f0 stenst enga sko\u00f0un.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cd n\u00fdrri b\u00f3k er \u00fev\u00ed haldi\u00f0 fram a\u00f0 gel\u00edsk or\u00f0 \u00ed \u00edslensku skipti hundru\u00f0um e\u00f0a \u00fe\u00fasundum og gel\u00edska hafi jafnvel veri\u00f0 t\u00f6lu\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00cdslandi \u00e1 undan norr\u00e6nu. \u00cd\u00a0umr\u00e6\u00f0u \u00e1 Facebook um daginn l\u00fdsti \u00e9g efasemdum um \u00feetta \u00fat fr\u00e1 \u00feeim d\u00e6mum sem \u00e9g haf\u00f0i s\u00e9\u00f0 \u00far b\u00f3kinni en t\u00f3k fram a\u00f0 \u00e9g hef\u00f0i ekki lesi\u00f0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4738","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4738","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4738"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4738\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4740,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4738\/revisions\/4740"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4738"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4738"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4738"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}