{"id":4743,"date":"2022-12-11T08:00:36","date_gmt":"2022-12-11T08:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=4743"},"modified":"2022-12-11T15:07:41","modified_gmt":"2022-12-11T15:07:41","slug":"urelt-soguskodun-ureltur-malstadall","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2022\/12\/11\/urelt-soguskodun-ureltur-malstadall\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00darelt s\u00f6gusko\u00f0un \u2013 \u00fareltur m\u00e1lsta\u00f0all"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cd fyrradag hlusta\u00f0i \u00e9g \u00e1 afbrag\u00f0sgott vi\u00f0tal<\/a> vi\u00f0 Helga \u00deorl\u00e1ksson pr\u00f3fessor emeritus um n\u00fdja b\u00f3k<\/a> hans, \u00c1 s\u00f6gust\u00f6\u00f0um<\/em> \u2013 sem \u00e9g \u00fearf endilega a\u00f0 lesa. \u00dear talar hann um hversu s\u00f6gusko\u00f0un r\u00f3mant\u00edkur og sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isbar\u00e1ttu \u00e1 19. \u00f6ld er l\u00edfseig \u2013 um gull\u00f6ldina \u00e1 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0veldis\u00f6ld, um hnignun eftir a\u00f0 \u00cdslendingar misstu sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 1262, um \u00fea\u00f0 hva\u00f0 erlend \u00e1hrif v\u00e6ru vond, o.s.frv. \u00deetta er sko\u00f0un sem henta\u00f0i vel \u00ed sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isbar\u00e1ttunni, a\u00f0 tengja saman erlent vald og hnignun annars vegar og sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i og bl\u00f3maskei\u00f0 hins vegar. H\u00fan er hins vegar \u00e1 \u00fdmsan h\u00e1tt r\u00f6ng og sagnfr\u00e6\u00f0ingar hafa veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 endursko\u00f0a hana fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1 sj\u00f6unda \u00e1ratugnum en \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0in er samt a\u00f0 miklu leyti f\u00f6st \u00ed henni enn \u2013 af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 h\u00fan hentar svo m\u00f6rgum, sag\u00f0i Helgi.<\/p>\n

\u00deessi tenging n\u00e1\u00f0i til allra svi\u00f0a \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0l\u00edfsins. Efnahagsleg hnignun var talin hafa tengst missi sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0is og auknu sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i myndi fylgja b\u00e6ttur hagur. Bestu b\u00f3kmenntir \u00cdslendinga voru l\u00edka taldar skrifa\u00f0ar \u00e1 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0veldist\u00edmanum og upp \u00far honum en eftir missi sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0is hef\u00f0i b\u00f3kmenntunum hnigna\u00f0. Sama m\u00e1li gegnir um tungum\u00e1li\u00f0, \u00edslenskuna. \u00c1 sama t\u00edma og veri\u00f0 var a\u00f0 upphefja \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0veldist\u00edmann sem efnahagslega og menningarlega gull\u00f6ld var tungum\u00e1l \u00ferett\u00e1ndu aldar, m\u00e1l gullaldarb\u00f3kmenntanna, l\u00edka upphafi\u00f0 og gert a\u00f0 fyrirmynd en allar breytingar sem s\u00ed\u00f0an hef\u00f0u or\u00f0i\u00f0 kalla\u00f0ar hnignun og reynt gera \u00fe\u00e6r afturr\u00e6kar margar hverjar, hvort sem voru breytingar \u00e1 beygingu, d\u00f6nsk t\u00f6kuor\u00f0 e\u00f0a eitthva\u00f0 anna\u00f0.<\/p>\n

En eins og \u00ed s\u00f6gunni er m\u00e1li\u00f0 fl\u00f3knara<\/a>. \u00cdslenskan \u00e1 12. og 13. \u00f6ld var hvorki einsleit n\u00e9 dau\u00f0hreinsu\u00f0. \u00c1 \u00feeim t\u00edma voru t.d. miklar breytingar a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a \u00e1 s\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0akerfi m\u00e1lsins \u00fear sem a\u00f0greinandi s\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0um f\u00e6kka\u00f0i verulega. \u00dea\u00f0 var ekki til nein samr\u00e6md stafsetning og enginn ritm\u00e1lssta\u00f0all, og \u00ed handritum koma fram \u00fdmis tilbrig\u00f0i \u00ed m\u00e1li sem venjulegir lesendur \u00e1 21. \u00f6ld hafa ekki hugmynd um, vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 almennings\u00fatg\u00e1fur forntexta fylgja \u00feeim m\u00e1lsta\u00f0li sem b\u00fainn var til \u00e1 19. \u00f6ld fyrir fornm\u00e1li\u00f0. \u00ddmislegt af \u00fev\u00ed sem n\u00fa er kalla\u00f0 \u201em\u00e1lvillur\u201c er \u00feegar a\u00f0 finna \u00ed fornum textum, t.d. eignarfalli\u00f0 f\u00f6\u00f0urs<\/em> af fa\u00f0ir<\/em>, l\u00fdsingarh\u00e1ttinn olla\u00f0<\/em> \u00ed sta\u00f0 valdi\u00f0<\/em> af valda<\/em>, o.m.fl. En okkur var ekki sagt \u00feetta \u2013 af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 henta\u00f0i ekki.<\/p>\n

\u00cdslandssaga <\/em>J\u00f3nasar fr\u00e1 Hriflu m\u00f3ta\u00f0i s\u00f6gusko\u00f0un margra kynsl\u00f3\u00f0a \u00cdslendinga \u00e1 20. \u00f6ld, og \u00e1 sama h\u00e1tt m\u00f3ta\u00f0i \u00cdslensk m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0i <\/em>Bj\u00f6rns Gu\u00f0finnssonar hugmyndir \u00cdslendinga um \u00fea\u00f0 hvernig \u00edslenskan v\u00e6ri og \u00e6tti a\u00f0 vera \u2013 hugmyndir um \u201er\u00e9tt\u201c m\u00e1l og \u201erangt\u201c sem h\u00f6f\u00f0u a\u00f0 verulegu leyti gullaldarm\u00e1li\u00f0 a\u00f0 fyrirmynd. \u00de\u00e6r hugmyndir hentu\u00f0u l\u00edka m\u00f6rgum. \u00de\u00e6r hentu\u00f0u \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ernissinnu\u00f0um stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lam\u00f6nnum \u00far \u00fdmsum flokkum sem \u00f6mu\u00f0ust vi\u00f0 \u00f6llum erlendum \u00e1hrifum. \u00de\u00e6r hentu\u00f0u valdh\u00f6fum sem notu\u00f0u tungum\u00e1li\u00f0 sem valdat\u00e6ki til a\u00f0 halda \u00e1kve\u00f0num \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsh\u00f3pum ni\u00f0ri. \u00de\u00e6r hentu\u00f0u sk\u00f3layfirv\u00f6ldum til a\u00f0 flokka nemendur. Og \u00fe\u00e6r henta f\u00f3lki sem er sannf\u00e6rt um a\u00f0 unga f\u00f3lki\u00f0 s\u00e9 a\u00f0 fara me\u00f0 \u00edslenskuna \u00ed hundana.<\/p>\n

En hvers vegna er hin gamla s\u00f6gusko\u00f0un svona l\u00edfseig? Helgi \u00deorl\u00e1ksson sag\u00f0i: \u201e\u00deetta bara er mj\u00f6g sterk sko\u00f0un og \u00fea\u00f0 er svona sk\u00fdr mynd og sk\u00f6rp \u2013 \u00feess vegna er h\u00fan l\u00edfseig og menn bara eru ekki tilb\u00fanir a\u00f0 afneita henni e\u00f0a v\u00edkja fr\u00e1 henni og \u00fe\u00e1 spyrja menn hva\u00f0 kemur \u00ed sta\u00f0inn \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 er bara einhver upplausn og vitleysa.\u201c Svipa\u00f0 er \u00feetta me\u00f0 \u00edslenskuna. \u00dea\u00f0 er einfalt og \u00fe\u00e6gilegt a\u00f0 tr\u00faa \u00e1 skiptingu \u00ed \u201er\u00e9tt\u201c m\u00e1l og \u201erangt\u201c \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 er l\u00edka \u201esk\u00fdr mynd og sk\u00f6rp\u201c. \u00dea\u00f0 er bara vesen ef fari\u00f0 er a\u00f0 halda \u00fev\u00ed fram a\u00f0 m\u00e1li\u00f0 s\u00e9 fl\u00f3knara. \u00deess vegna er \u00fev\u00ed oft haldi\u00f0 fram a\u00f0 ef eitthva\u00f0 er slaka\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00ed lei\u00f0r\u00e9ttingum og umv\u00f6ndunum, ef eitthva\u00f0 er vi\u00f0urkennt sem hefur veri\u00f0 tali\u00f0 \u201erangt\u201c, \u00fe\u00e1 ver\u00f0i aflei\u00f0ingin \u201eeinhver upplausn og vitleysa\u201c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cd fyrradag hlusta\u00f0i \u00e9g \u00e1 afbrag\u00f0sgott vi\u00f0tal vi\u00f0 Helga \u00deorl\u00e1ksson pr\u00f3fessor emeritus um n\u00fdja b\u00f3k hans, \u00c1 s\u00f6gust\u00f6\u00f0um \u2013 sem \u00e9g \u00fearf endilega a\u00f0 lesa. \u00dear talar hann um hversu s\u00f6gusko\u00f0un r\u00f3mant\u00edkur og sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isbar\u00e1ttu \u00e1 19. \u00f6ld er l\u00edfseig \u2013 um gull\u00f6ldina \u00e1 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0veldis\u00f6ld, um hnignun eftir a\u00f0 \u00cdslendingar misstu sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 1262, um \u00fea\u00f0 hva\u00f0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4743","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4743","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4743"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4743\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4749,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4743\/revisions\/4749"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4743"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4743"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4743"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}