{"id":4805,"date":"2023-01-04T10:30:57","date_gmt":"2023-01-04T10:30:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=4805"},"modified":"2023-01-04T10:30:57","modified_gmt":"2023-01-04T10:30:57","slug":"fiskari-eda-sjomadur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2023\/01\/04\/fiskari-eda-sjomadur\/","title":{"rendered":"Fiskari e\u00f0a sj\u00f3ma\u00f0ur?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mannlif.is\/frettir\/innlent\/bannad-ad-tala-um-sjomann-og-fiskari-komid-i-stadinn-olina-getur-ekki-orda-bundist\/\">Hneykslunaralda<\/a> fer n\u00fa um samf\u00e9lagsmi\u00f0la yfir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u201eor\u00f0skr\u00edpi\u00f0\u201c <em>fiskari<\/em> hafi veri\u00f0 sett inn \u00ed \u00edslenska l\u00f6ggj\u00f6f \u00ed sta\u00f0 or\u00f0sins <em>sj\u00f3ma\u00f0ur<\/em>. \u00dear er v\u00edsa\u00f0 \u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.althingi.is\/lagas\/152c\/2022082.html\">L\u00f6g um \u00e1hafnir skipa<\/a> nr. 82\/2022 sem t\u00f3ku gildi n\u00fa um \u00e1ram\u00f3tin \u00fear sem or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>fiskari <\/em>kemur \u00ferisvar fyrir og er skilgreint sem \u00ed\u00f0or\u00f0 \u00ed or\u00f0sk\u00fdringagrein laganna: \u201e<em>Fiskari<\/em> er hver s\u00e1 e\u00f0a s\u00fa sem starfar e\u00f0a er r\u00e1\u00f0inn e\u00f0a r\u00e1\u00f0in til vinnu \u00e1 fiskiskipi, \u00fe.m.t. \u00feau sem eru r\u00e1\u00f0in upp \u00e1 aflahlut.\u201c En \u00ed \u00f6llum tilvikum kemur <em>fiskari<\/em> \u00ed sta\u00f0 or\u00f0sins <em>fiskima\u00f0ur<\/em> \u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.althingi.is\/lagas\/152c\/2007030.html\">eldri l\u00f6gum<\/a>, en ekki \u00ed sta\u00f0 or\u00f0sins <em>sj\u00f3ma\u00f0ur<\/em> \u2013 s\u00ed\u00f0arnefnda or\u00f0i\u00f0 kemur 25 sinnum fyrir \u00ed l\u00f6gunum, reyndar mun oftar en \u00ed eldri l\u00f6gum. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed alger misskilningur a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u00e1 einhvern h\u00e1tt veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 hr\u00f3fla vi\u00f0 or\u00f0inu <em>sj\u00f3ma\u00f0ur <\/em>\u00ed \u00feessum l\u00f6gum.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cd <a href=\"https:\/\/www.althingi.is\/altext\/152\/s\/0187.html\">greinarger\u00f0<\/a> me\u00f0 lagafrumvarpinu er \u00fatsk\u00fdrt hvers vegna or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>fiskari<\/em> er nota\u00f0: \u201eSamkv\u00e6mt 3. mgr. 1. gr. frumvarpsins er markmi\u00f0 \u00feess a\u00f0 stu\u00f0la a\u00f0 j\u00f6fnu a\u00f0gengi kynjanna a\u00f0 menntun, \u00fej\u00e1lfun og st\u00f6rfum um bor\u00f0 \u00ed \u00edslenskum skipum. \u00cd frumvarpinu hefur veri\u00f0 leitast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 draga \u00far karll\u00e6gni \u00ed or\u00f0f\u00e6ri.\u201c S\u00ed\u00f0ar \u00ed greinarger\u00f0inni segir: \u201eLagt er til a\u00f0 hugtaki\u00f0 fiskari ver\u00f0i nota\u00f0 \u00ed sta\u00f0 fiskimanns til a\u00f0 minnka kynl\u00e6ga or\u00f0anotkun \u00ed lagatexta.\u201c Reyndar er \u00feetta or\u00f0 ekki n\u00fdjung \u00ed lagam\u00e1li \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 var hi\u00f0 venjulega or\u00f0 stj\u00f3rns\u00fdslunnar um <em>fiskimenn<\/em> \u00ed \u00ed upphafi 20. aldar, <a href=\"https:\/\/urlausnir.stuff.is\/skrar\/Stjornartidindi\/Stj%c3%b3rnart%c3%ad%c3%b0indi%201903%20-%20A-deild_%c3%batg1.0-OCR.pdf\">t.d.<\/a> \u00ed \u201eTilskipun fyrir \u00cdsland um tilh\u00f6gun \u00e1 l\u00f6gg\u00e6zlu vi\u00f0 fiskivei\u00f0ar fyrir utan landhelgi \u00ed hafinu umhverfis F\u00e6reyjar og \u00cdsland\u201c fr\u00e1 1903 \u00fear sem \u00fea\u00f0 kemur margoft fyrir.<\/p>\n<p>En ef seinni hlutinn <em>-ma\u00f0ur <\/em>\u00ed <em>fiskima\u00f0ur <\/em>\u00feykir \u00f3heppilegur, hvers vegna er or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>sj\u00f3ma\u00f0ur <\/em>\u00fe\u00e1 l\u00e1ti\u00f0 standa \u00f3breytt? \u00cd n\u00fdlegu <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mbl.is\/200milur\/frettir\/2022\/12\/23\/fiskimadur_verdur_fiskari_i_nafni_kynhlutleysis\/\">vi\u00f0tali<\/a> sag\u00f0i samskiptastj\u00f3ri Samg\u00f6ngustofu \u201ea\u00f0 vi\u00f0 m\u00f3t\u00adun lag\u00adanna hafi\u00a0s\u00e9r\u00adstak\u00adlega hafi veri\u00f0 g\u00e6tt a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 or\u00f0alag \u00feeirra v\u00e6ri kyn\u00adhlut\u00adlaust, en \u00fe\u00f3 ekki \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 n\u00e1i til til\u00adtek\u00adinna hug\u00adtaka sem hafa unni\u00f0 s\u00e9r til hef\u00f0ar a\u00f0 vera s\u00e9r\u00adstak\u00adlega kynju\u00f0\u201c. \u00de\u00f3tt seinni hluti m\u00e1lsgreinarinnar s\u00e9 ekki mj\u00f6g sk\u00fdr og e.t.v. eitthva\u00f0 brengla\u00f0ur geri \u00e9g r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 \u00fearna s\u00e9 \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 or\u00f0 eins og <em>sj\u00f3ma\u00f0ur<\/em> sem er margfalt algengara or\u00f0 en <em>fiskima\u00f0ur<\/em>, og \u00fev\u00ed hafi ekki \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 hr\u00f3fla vi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed. Enda er <em>sj\u00f3ma\u00f0ur<\/em>, \u00f6fugt vi\u00f0 <em>fiskari<\/em>, ekki nota\u00f0 sem \u00ed\u00f0or\u00f0 \u00ed l\u00f6gunum og \u00fev\u00ed ekki skilgreint \u00fear s\u00e9rstaklega.<\/p>\n<p>F\u00f3lk getur au\u00f0vita\u00f0 haft \u00fe\u00e1 sko\u00f0un a\u00f0 <em>fiskari<\/em> s\u00e9 \u201eor\u00f0skr\u00edpi\u201c en n\u00fdyr\u00f0i er \u00fea\u00f0 sannarlega ekki eins og \u00e1\u00f0ur segir. \u00dea\u00f0 kemur meira a\u00f0 segja fyrir \u00ed fyrstu b\u00f3k sem var prentu\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00edslensku, \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu Odds Gottsk\u00e1lkssonar \u00e1 <em>N\u00fdja testamentinu<\/em> 1540. \u00dear segir: \u201eFylgi\u00f0 m\u00e9r eftir og eg mun gj\u00f6ra y\u00f0ur a\u00f0 fisk\u00f6rum manna.\u201c Or\u00f0i\u00f0 er l\u00edka nota\u00f0 \u00ed V\u00eddal\u00ednspostillu og <a href=\"http:\/\/ritmalssafn.arnastofnun.is\/daemi\/106303\">\u00fdmsum ritum<\/a> fr\u00e1 17., 18. og 19. \u00f6ld. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00ed <em>\u00cdslensk-danskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em> fr\u00e1 1920-1924, og Halld\u00f3r Laxness notar \u00fea\u00f0 m.a. \u00ed <em>Brekkukotsann\u00e1l<\/em>: \u201e\u00cd \u00f6\u00f0rum l\u00f6ndum mundi s\u00e1 ma\u00f0ur heita fiskima\u00f0ur e\u00f0a fiskari, sem r\u00e6r \u00fat \u00e1 skektu \u00ed b\u00edti\u00f0 \u00e1 mornana og er kominn me\u00f0 fiskinn a\u00f0 dyrum manna um f\u00f3tafer\u00f0. Sj\u00e1lfur var afi minn l\u00edka d\u00e1l\u00edti\u00f0 einsog fiskarar \u00e1 \u00fatlendum m\u00e1lverkum [...].\u201c<\/p>\n<p>\u00dear fyrir utan hefur Nanna R\u00f6gnvaldard\u00f3ttir bent \u00e1 a\u00f0 um mi\u00f0ja 19. \u00f6ld vir\u00f0ist <em>fiskari<\/em> hafa veri\u00f0 hi\u00f0 vanalega starfsheiti. \u00deannig eru h\u00e1tt \u00ed 150 <a href=\"http:\/\/manntal.is\/leit\/fiskari\/1845\/1\/1845\">skr\u00e1\u00f0ir<\/a> <em>fiskari<\/em> \u00ed manntalinu 1845, en a\u00f0eins sj\u00f6 eru <a href=\"http:\/\/manntal.is\/leit\/fiskima%C3%B0ur\/1845\/1\/1845\">skr\u00e1\u00f0ir<\/a> <em>fiskima\u00f0ur<\/em>. \u00dear er reyndar enginn <em>sj\u00f3ma\u00f0ur<\/em> \u2013 elsta <a href=\"http:\/\/ritmalssafn.arnastofnun.is\/daemi\/412235\">d\u00e6mi<\/a> um \u00fea\u00f0 or\u00f0 er ekki eldra en fr\u00e1 1830, og \u00e1 19. \u00f6ld var or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>sj\u00f3f\u00f3lk<\/em> l\u00edka nokku\u00f0 nota\u00f0. Au\u00f0vita\u00f0 er lengi h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 deila um einst\u00f6k or\u00f0 og m\u00f6rgum finnst \u00f3sk um kynhlutleysi ekki gild \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 breyta \u00feeirri or\u00f0anotkun sem hefur t\u00ed\u00f0kast undanfari\u00f0. En hva\u00f0 sem \u00fev\u00ed l\u00ed\u00f0ur er \u00f3m\u00f6gulegt a\u00f0 halda \u00fev\u00ed fram a\u00f0 veri\u00f0 s\u00e9 a\u00f0 fremja einhver m\u00e1lspj\u00f6ll me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 taka upp or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>fiskari<\/em> \u00ed sta\u00f0 <em>fiskima\u00f0ur<\/em>. \u00dear er \u00fevert \u00e1 m\u00f3ti veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 endurvekja gamalt or\u00f0 og gamla hef\u00f0.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hneykslunaralda fer n\u00fa um samf\u00e9lagsmi\u00f0la yfir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u201eor\u00f0skr\u00edpi\u00f0\u201c fiskari hafi veri\u00f0 sett inn \u00ed \u00edslenska l\u00f6ggj\u00f6f \u00ed sta\u00f0 or\u00f0sins sj\u00f3ma\u00f0ur. \u00dear er v\u00edsa\u00f0 \u00ed L\u00f6g um \u00e1hafnir skipa nr. 82\/2022 sem t\u00f3ku gildi n\u00fa um \u00e1ram\u00f3tin \u00fear sem or\u00f0i\u00f0 fiskari kemur \u00ferisvar fyrir og er skilgreint sem \u00ed\u00f0or\u00f0 \u00ed or\u00f0sk\u00fdringagrein laganna: \u201eFiskari er hver [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4805","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4805","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4805"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4805\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4806,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4805\/revisions\/4806"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4805"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4805"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4805"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}