{"id":4862,"date":"2023-02-13T08:00:41","date_gmt":"2023-02-13T08:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=4862"},"modified":"2023-02-12T15:10:29","modified_gmt":"2023-02-12T15:10:29","slug":"merkingarleg-sambeyging","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2023\/02\/13\/merkingarleg-sambeyging\/","title":{"rendered":"Merkingarleg sambeyging"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cd \u00edslensku stj\u00f3rnar <strong>frumlag <\/strong>\u00ed <strong>nefnifalli<\/strong> (yfirleitt nafnor\u00f0 e\u00f0a fornafn) venjulega pers\u00f3nu og t\u00f6lu sagnar, sem og kyni og t\u00f6lu sagnfyllingar (einkum me\u00f0 s\u00f6gnunum <em>vera<\/em> og <em>ver\u00f0a<\/em>). Vi\u00f0 segjum <em>\u00e9g <strong>s\u00e9 <\/strong>\u00feetta<\/em>, <em>\u00fe\u00fa <strong>s\u00e9r\u00f0 <\/strong>\u00feetta<\/em>, <em>h\u00fan <strong>s\u00e9r <\/strong>\u00feetta<\/em>; <em>vi\u00f0 <strong>sj\u00e1um <\/strong>\u00feetta<\/em>, <em>\u00fei\u00f0 <strong>sj\u00e1i\u00f0 <\/strong>\u00feetta<\/em>, <em>\u00feau <strong>sj\u00e1 <\/strong>\u00feetta<\/em>. \u00dearna breytir s\u00f6gnin <em>sj\u00e1 <\/em>um form eftir pers\u00f3nu og t\u00f6lu frumlagsins. Vi\u00f0 segjum l\u00edka <em>hann er <strong>ungur<\/strong><\/em>, <em>h\u00fan er <strong>ung<\/strong><\/em>, <em>h\u00e1n er <strong>ungt<\/strong><\/em>; <em>\u00feeir eru <strong>ungir<\/strong><\/em>, <em>\u00fe\u00e6r eru <strong>ungar<\/strong><\/em>, <em>\u00feau eru <strong>ung<\/strong><\/em>. \u00dear breytir sagnfyllingin <em>ungur<\/em> um form eftir kyni og t\u00f6lu frumlagsins. Fr\u00e1 \u00feessum reglum er \u00fe\u00f3 s\u00fa undantekning a\u00f0 ef frumlagi\u00f0 er \u00ed aukafalli stendur s\u00f6gnin alltaf \u00ed \u00feri\u00f0ju pers\u00f3nu eint\u00f6lu og sagnfylling \u00ed hvorugkyni eint\u00f6lu \u2013 <em>okkur <strong>ber<\/strong> skylda til<\/em>, ekki *<strong><em>berum<\/em><\/strong>; <em>\u00feeim <strong>er kalt<\/strong><\/em>, ekki *<strong><em>eru kaldir<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>En \u00fea\u00f0 er l\u00edka vel \u00feekkt a\u00f0 stundum getur merkingin teki\u00f0 v\u00f6ldin af forminu \u00ed sambeygingu. \u00de\u00f3tt or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>foreldrar <\/em>v\u00edsi oftast til karls og konu er \u00fea\u00f0 karlkynsor\u00f0 \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 sj\u00e1um vi\u00f0 \u00e1 beygingunni og einnig \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 og forn\u00f6fn sem standa me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed eru \u00ed karlkyni. Vi\u00f0 segjum <em>g\u00f3\u00f0ir foreldrar<\/em>, <em>foreldrar m\u00ednir<\/em>, en ekki *<em>g\u00f3\u00f0 foreldrar<\/em>, *<em>foreldrar m\u00edn<\/em>. En \u00feegar or\u00f0i\u00f0 er frumlag og tekur me\u00f0 s\u00e9r sagnfyllingu er h\u00fan i\u00f0ulega \u00ed hvorugkyni \u2013 <em>foreldrar m\u00ednir eru skilin<\/em>, s\u00ed\u00f0ur <em>foreldrar m\u00ednir eru skildir<\/em>. Einnig er e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 segja <em>foreldrar m\u00ednir h\u00f6tu\u00f0u hvort anna\u00f0<\/em> en miklu s\u00ed\u00f0ur <em>foreldrar m\u00ednir h\u00f6tu\u00f0u hvor annan<\/em> eins og \u00fe\u00f3 m\u00e6tti b\u00faast vi\u00f0 af karlkynsor\u00f0i. \u00cd \u00feessum d\u00e6mum er hvorugkyni\u00f0 e\u00f0lilegt \u00fat fr\u00e1 merkingu or\u00f0sins <em>foreldrar<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Annars konar merkingarleg sambeyging frumlags og sagnfyllingar kemur fram \u00ed d\u00e6mum eins og <em>r\u00e1\u00f0herra var vi\u00f0st\u00f6dd umr\u00e6\u00f0una<\/em>, <em>kennarinn var\u00f0 ekki \u00e1n\u00e6g\u00f0<\/em>, <em>forstj\u00f3rinn er h\u00e6tt st\u00f6rfum<\/em> o.s.frv. \u00dearna er sagnfyllingin \u00ed kvenkyni \u00fe\u00f3tt a\u00f0 fruml\u00f6g setninganna, <em>r\u00e1\u00f0herra<\/em>, <em>kennari <\/em>og <em>forstj\u00f3ri<\/em>, s\u00e9u karlkyns og ekkert \u00ed or\u00f0unum sj\u00e1lfum feli \u00ed s\u00e9r kvenkynsmerkingu. \u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0unnar fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 sagnfyllingin er h\u00f6f\u00f0 \u00ed kvenkyni er \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 leita utan m\u00e1lsins \u2013 kvenkyni\u00f0 byggist \u00e1 \u00feeirri vitneskju m\u00e6landans a\u00f0 kona gegni \u00feeim st\u00f6rfum sem um er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a. Sko\u00f0anir m\u00e1lnotenda \u00e1 \u00feessari tegund merkingarlegrar sambeygingar eru mj\u00f6g skiptar \u2013 mikil umr\u00e6\u00f0a var\u00f0 t.d. um <a href=\"https:\/\/l.facebook.com\/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ruv.is%2Ffrett%2Fkennari-leidd-ut-i-jarnum%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR3rAPd_-gGr61DMOUtOk-U00yxO25QMjT7Xgre-lBGkn4xoENY8puXX67M&amp;h=AT0DV1vgyTwPa6_QNg-GT7FOPxo6CkCyi6ex64qBjyn9BBukCV42tP0SGRqcs7jdZCoEoJUTfNO3-gQVl5-Cp0twUK9lUtAayC3YnifKNN7fDvWotFBUnYrgVkTckHjbMg&amp;__tn__=-UK-R&amp;c%5b0%5d=AT1OjEnG1AJNT6pz_-kNcxkiAqKgtNCN8THr7y1roqIeAwk2RRBbIVEnyctToP6i8VH6IoLbwSFj9ACHL5obd8QF0o8qxL0prynIhAzI6Fl_SkeRcNMaVuQyHu5nYSJIoRM9Th8BBhxt2ug8nKCRTWn26HSoC24J\">fyrirs\u00f6gnina<\/a> \u201eKennari leidd \u00fat \u00ed j\u00e1rnum\u201c \u00e1 vef <em>R\u00edkis\u00fatvarpsins<\/em> fyrir nokkrum \u00e1rum.<\/p>\n<p>Merkingarleg sambeyging kemur einnig oft fram me\u00f0 or\u00f0um sem eru eint\u00f6luor\u00f0 a\u00f0 forminu en fleirt\u00f6luor\u00f0 a\u00f0 merkingu \u2013 or\u00f0um eins og <em>fj\u00f6ldi<\/em> og <em>f\u00f3lk<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/l.facebook.com\/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fmalfar.arnastofnun.is%2Fgrein%2F72145%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR1D4Mr_ANZ6oP8nVNvVs4xIWUCJ7_iACWLgKJzPq77fWOH8FHisDV0GPbQ&amp;h=AT1o5Rn9RiBkYYJz9EqXqnRvMJ7x6CJBzTAkEAFcjcrtJNM-t4x0BZc870kbLQkrsmN9HmlvIXuvGl1SlQGRV7Jm2RSCtk14lSr7tdiFB25O4ZZyNXWfLFAuL0UpDskiQA&amp;__tn__=-UK-R&amp;c%5b0%5d=AT1OjEnG1AJNT6pz_-kNcxkiAqKgtNCN8THr7y1roqIeAwk2RRBbIVEnyctToP6i8VH6IoLbwSFj9ACHL5obd8QF0o8qxL0prynIhAzI6Fl_SkeRcNMaVuQyHu5nYSJIoRM9Th8BBhxt2ug8nKCRTWn26HSoC24J\">Vara\u00f0<\/a> er s\u00e9rstaklega vi\u00f0 \u00feessu \u00ed <em>M\u00e1lfarsbankanum<\/em>: \u201eOr\u00f0i\u00f0 <strong>fj\u00f6ldi<\/strong> v\u00edsar til margra \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00fea\u00f0 standi sj\u00e1lft \u00ed eint\u00f6lu. Beygingin mi\u00f0ast vi\u00f0 form or\u00f0sins, \u00fe.e. eint\u00f6luna, fremur en merkingu \u00feess. <em>Fj\u00f6ldi skipa f\u00e9kk g\u00f3\u00f0an afla<\/em> (ekki: \u201efj\u00f6ldi skipa fengu g\u00f3\u00f0an afla\u201c).\u201c En merkingarleg sambeyging me\u00f0 <em>fj\u00f6ldi<\/em> kemur \u00fe\u00f3 fyrir \u00feegar \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li og hefur <a href=\"https:\/\/l.facebook.com\/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fritmalssafn.arnastofnun.is%2Fdaemi%2F113403%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR1D4Mr_ANZ6oP8nVNvVs4xIWUCJ7_iACWLgKJzPq77fWOH8FHisDV0GPbQ&amp;h=AT1o1u5KkgAe04L4h3sY6qzxT_RyjGmVy3gCnsbaMoj43JBaGE1hDKcYcmtytuIonRt6cdbotL-MZHBB-VRItFwzTBpbjk4PPHrSkX3f9cR9YF6VQajJwS-Yh0SVBskSOQ&amp;__tn__=-UK-R&amp;c%5b0%5d=AT1OjEnG1AJNT6pz_-kNcxkiAqKgtNCN8THr7y1roqIeAwk2RRBbIVEnyctToP6i8VH6IoLbwSFj9ACHL5obd8QF0o8qxL0prynIhAzI6Fl_SkeRcNMaVuQyHu5nYSJIoRM9Th8BBhxt2ug8nKCRTWn26HSoC24J\">t\u00ed\u00f0kast<\/a> alla t\u00ed\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0an. \u00cd <em>\u00d3lafs s\u00f6gu helga<\/em> fr\u00e1 13. \u00f6ld segir t.d.: \u201e\u00de\u00e1 stukku enn fyrir honum fj\u00f6ldi manna \u00far landi\u201c og \u00ed <em>T\u00f3mass s\u00f6gu erkibyskups<\/em> fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed um 1300 segir: \u201e\u00dev\u00ed a\u00f0 mikill fj\u00f6ldi f\u00e1t\u00e6kra manna og sj\u00fakra renna kallandi m\u00f3ti honum.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>\u201eSambeyging \u00ed \u00edslensku er jafnan m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ileg, tala og\/e\u00f0a kyn frumlags r\u00e6\u00f0ur fer\u00f0inni en ekki merking \u00feess\u201c <a href=\"https:\/\/l.facebook.com\/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Ftimarit.is%2Fpage%2F3658183%3Fiabr%3Don%26fbclid%3DIwAR1zXnP4cQXulO4ata86GlxFfkC-HOfQiHtqDA4DBv0L8R-dTdKsdyBZCkM%23page%2Fn40%2Fmode%2F1up%2F&amp;h=AT3ZGMczJBzkjbKtgLRMjJwbZjSkN91KqTQ9WziQgH45hsi0_OSMhtYmTJ2Wyif9wstasc1Q0efuyaaodAt108_JECbVd0f7w-yyYwTFBnVMJiw8a3VAkgAjvs6wYZa_ZQ&amp;__tn__=-UK-R&amp;c%5b0%5d=AT1OjEnG1AJNT6pz_-kNcxkiAqKgtNCN8THr7y1roqIeAwk2RRBbIVEnyctToP6i8VH6IoLbwSFj9ACHL5obd8QF0o8qxL0prynIhAzI6Fl_SkeRcNMaVuQyHu5nYSJIoRM9Th8BBhxt2ug8nKCRTWn26HSoC24J\">segir<\/a> J\u00f3n G. Fri\u00f0j\u00f3nsson. \u00deetta er vissulega \u00fea\u00f0 sem hefur veri\u00f0 kennt og \u00feannig er m\u00e1lsta\u00f0allinn, en \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00fe\u00f3 lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 margs konar merkingarleg sambeyging er engin n\u00fdjung. Gu\u00f0r\u00fan \u00de\u00f3rhallsd\u00f3ttir hefur <a href=\"https:\/\/l.facebook.com\/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fojs.setur.fo%2Findex.php%2Ffrodskapur%2Farticle%2Fview%2F151%2F250%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR29IOeV9GB3oTXp_KW3y26xjAWTauqsD6WgUqtZ0uNf4WveOc5Qnx7UH9k&amp;h=AT3n_KLI26gkEzS27-BcUDSwp1M0tH7VzRmOBGdtGHwdTa4iChuXjhzMqGo-ibyZqYA74EFv0OcasIwQbml6K1fDRWz7RfmSysjiuvz_IvNR4I8SwMafATO2WSQfauCxHQ&amp;__tn__=-UK-R&amp;c%5b0%5d=AT1OjEnG1AJNT6pz_-kNcxkiAqKgtNCN8THr7y1roqIeAwk2RRBbIVEnyctToP6i8VH6IoLbwSFj9ACHL5obd8QF0o8qxL0prynIhAzI6Fl_SkeRcNMaVuQyHu5nYSJIoRM9Th8BBhxt2ug8nKCRTWn26HSoC24J\">bent \u00e1<\/a> a\u00f0 merkingarleg sambeyging er algeng \u00ed einkabr\u00e9fum fr\u00e1 seinni hluta 19. aldar og upphafi \u00feeirrar 20., og ekki s\u00e9 \u00f3l\u00edklegt a\u00f0 tilur\u00f0 og \u00fer\u00f3un \u00edslensks m\u00e1lsta\u00f0als \u00e1 \u00feeim t\u00edma hafi stu\u00f0la\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 styrkja formlegt samr\u00e6mi \u00ed sessi \u00e1 kostna\u00f0 merkingarlegs samr\u00e6mis. Lj\u00f3st er a\u00f0 margs konar merkingarleg sambeyging er algeng \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li og engin \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 amast s\u00e9rstaklega vi\u00f0 henni \u2013 h\u00fan \u00e1 s\u00e9r langa hef\u00f0.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cd \u00edslensku stj\u00f3rnar frumlag \u00ed nefnifalli (yfirleitt nafnor\u00f0 e\u00f0a fornafn) venjulega pers\u00f3nu og t\u00f6lu sagnar, sem og kyni og t\u00f6lu sagnfyllingar (einkum me\u00f0 s\u00f6gnunum vera og ver\u00f0a). Vi\u00f0 segjum \u00e9g s\u00e9 \u00feetta, \u00fe\u00fa s\u00e9r\u00f0 \u00feetta, h\u00fan s\u00e9r \u00feetta; vi\u00f0 sj\u00e1um \u00feetta, \u00fei\u00f0 sj\u00e1i\u00f0 \u00feetta, \u00feau sj\u00e1 \u00feetta. \u00dearna breytir s\u00f6gnin sj\u00e1 um form eftir pers\u00f3nu [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4862","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4862","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4862"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4862\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4863,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4862\/revisions\/4863"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4862"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4862"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4862"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}