{"id":4879,"date":"2023-02-17T13:06:28","date_gmt":"2023-02-17T13:06:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=4879"},"modified":"2023-12-01T13:16:14","modified_gmt":"2023-12-01T13:16:14","slug":"brudkaup-kynvilla-orvhent-og-eldhus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2023\/02\/17\/brudkaup-kynvilla-orvhent-og-eldhus\/","title":{"rendered":"Br\u00fa\u00f0kaup, kynvilla, \u00f6rvhendi \u2013 og eldh\u00fas"},"content":{"rendered":"

Svissneski m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ingurinn Ferdinand de Saussure lag\u00f0i \u00e1herslu \u00e1<\/a> a\u00f0 tengslin milli t\u00e1kna m\u00e1lsins \u2013 or\u00f0anna \u2013 og \u00feess sem \u00feau v\u00edsa til v\u00e6ru tilviljanakennd og \u00e6ttu s\u00e9r engar r\u00f6klegar forsendur. \u00dea\u00f0 er ekkert \u00ed hlj\u00f3\u00f0a- e\u00f0a b\u00f3kstafar\u00f6\u00f0unum h-e-s-t-u-r<\/em> og h-\u00fa-s<\/em> sem segir a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r hlj\u00f3ti a\u00f0 merkja \u00fea\u00f0 sem \u00fe\u00e6r gera \u00ed \u00edslensku \u2013 vi\u00f0 bara l\u00e6rum merkingu \u00feessara hlj\u00f3\u00f0ara\u00f0a \u00feegar vi\u00f0 tileinkum okkur m\u00e1li\u00f0, hvort sem \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00e1 m\u00e1lt\u00f6kuskei\u00f0i e\u00f0a s\u00ed\u00f0ar. \u00deetta er auglj\u00f3st og \u00f3umdeilt hva\u00f0 var\u00f0ar grunnor\u00f0 m\u00e1lsins, or\u00f0 sem a\u00f0eins hafa a\u00f0 geyma eina r\u00f3t. En m\u00e1li\u00f0 vandast \u00feegar vi\u00f0 sko\u00f0um samsett or\u00f0, eins og t.d. h-e-s-t-h-\u00fa-s<\/em>. \u00dear getum vi\u00f0 broti\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 upp \u00ed tvo hluta, hest<\/em>- og -h\u00fas<\/em>, og tengt \u00fe\u00e1 vi\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0 or\u00f0 sem vi\u00f0 \u00feekkjum, hestur<\/em> og h\u00fas<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00dearna eru tengsl hlj\u00f3\u00f0ara\u00f0ar og merkingar ekki lengur fullkomlega tilviljanakennd \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00feau s\u00e9u \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed grunnor\u00f0unum \u2013 vi\u00f0 getum haldi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed fram a\u00f0 merking or\u00f0sins hesth\u00fas<\/em> s\u00e9 r\u00f6kr\u00e9tt og \u00f3hj\u00e1kv\u00e6mileg aflei\u00f0ing af merkingu or\u00f0anna hestur <\/em>og h\u00fas<\/em>. \u00deetta er hi\u00f0 margr\u00f3ma\u00f0a gagns\u00e6i \u00edslenskunnar sem h\u00fan hefur fram yfir \u00fdmis grannm\u00e1l \u00fear sem samsett or\u00f0 hafa i\u00f0ulega a\u00f0 geyma gr\u00edska e\u00f0a latneska stofna sem hafa enga merkingu fyrir f\u00f3lki. \u00dea\u00f0 er samt r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 benda \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3tt vi\u00f0 \u00feekkjum hluta samsetts or\u00f0s \u00far \u00f6\u00f0rum or\u00f0um og getum tengt \u00fea\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00feau dugir \u00fea\u00f0 okkur ekki endilega til a\u00f0 \u00e1tta okkur fullkomlega \u00e1 merkingu samsetta or\u00f0sins. H\u00fan er nefnilega alls ekki alltaf \u2013 og kannski sjaldnast \u2013 summa e\u00f0a fall af merkingu or\u00f0hlutanna.<\/p>\n

\u00de\u00f3tt vi\u00f0 \u00feekkjum b\u00e1\u00f0a hluta or\u00f0sins \u00fatih\u00fas<\/em> \u00far atviksor\u00f0inu \u00fati<\/em> og nafnor\u00f0inu h\u00fas<\/em> \u00feurfum vi\u00f0 samt a\u00f0 l\u00e6ra s\u00e9rstaklega a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 merkir<\/a> '\u00f6nnur h\u00fas en \u00edb\u00fa\u00f0arh\u00fas \u00e1 sveitab\u00e6, t.d. fj\u00f3s og fj\u00e1rh\u00fas' \u2013 ekkert \u00ed or\u00f0inu sj\u00e1lfu gefur v\u00edsbendingu um \u00fe\u00e1 merkingu. Stundum gefur \u00fea\u00f0 m.a.s. kolranga ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u a\u00f0 tengja or\u00f0 vi\u00f0 upprunann. \u00cd or\u00f0inu eldh\u00fas <\/em>felast t.d. b\u00e6\u00f0i eldur<\/em> og h\u00fas<\/em>, en n\u00fa \u00e1 t\u00edmum er sjaldnast elda\u00f0 yfir opnum eldi, og eldh\u00fasi\u00f0<\/em> er ekki s\u00e9rstakt h\u00fas eins og eitt sinn var, heldur herbergi e\u00f0a sv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed h\u00fasi. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 hefur haldist \u00fe\u00f3tt e\u00f0li fyrirb\u00e6risins hafi gerbreyst. \u00deetta truflar okkur ekkert \u2013 vi\u00f0 l\u00e6rum or\u00f0i\u00f0 sem heiti \u00e1 \u00feessu tiltekna herbergi e\u00f0a sv\u00e6\u00f0i og erum venjulega ekkert a\u00f0 tengja \u00fea\u00f0 vi\u00f0 or\u00f0hlutana enda er \u00fea\u00f0 oftast bori\u00f0 fram \u00e1n h<\/em> \u2013 eld\u00fas<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00c9g nefni \u00feetta vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 n\u00fdlega var h\u00e9r til umr\u00e6\u00f0u hvort or\u00f0i\u00f0 br\u00fa\u00f0kaup <\/em>v\u00e6ri noth\u00e6ft e\u00f0a vi\u00f0eigandi \u00ed samt\u00edmanum. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 br\u00fa\u00f0ur<\/em> merkir<\/a> 'kona sem er a\u00f0 ganga \u00ed hj\u00f3naband' og br\u00fa\u00f0kaup <\/em>merkir<\/a> upphaflega \u201ehj\u00faskaparsamning e\u00f0a \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 br\u00fa\u00f0ur var mundi keypt\u201c segir \u00ed \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0sifjab\u00f3k<\/em>. N\u00fa finnst okkur vitanlega fjarri lagi a\u00f0 karlar kaupi s\u00e9r konur, og einnig var \u00fev\u00ed velt upp hvort or\u00f0i\u00f0 g\u00e6ti \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 \u00feegar tveir karlmenn gengju \u00ed hj\u00f3naband \u2013 \u00fear er engin br\u00fa\u00f0ur<\/em> \u00ed framangreindri merkingu. En \u00ed \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em> er or\u00f0i\u00f0 sk\u00fdrt<\/a> 'ath\u00f6fn og veisla \u00ed tilefni \u00feess a\u00f0 tveir einstaklingar eru gefnir saman \u00ed hj\u00f3naband' \u2013 \u00fear er \u00fea\u00f0 sem s\u00e9 ekki tengt \u00e1 nokkurn h\u00e1tt vi\u00f0 or\u00f0hlutana br\u00fa\u00f0\u00ad- <\/em>og \u00ad-kaup<\/em>. \u00cd \u00feessu tilviki eigum vi\u00f0 tvo kosti.<\/p>\n

Vi\u00f0 getum liti\u00f0 \u00e1 or\u00f0ab\u00f3karsk\u00fdringuna og sagt: \u201e\u00deetta er \u00fea\u00f0 sem or\u00f0i\u00f0 merkir \u00ed samt\u00edmanum. Or\u00f0hlutarnir benda vissulega til annars en \u00fea\u00f0 skiptir ekki m\u00e1li \u2013 vi\u00f0 l\u00edtum bara \u00e1 or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed heild en l\u00edtum fram hj\u00e1 merkingu einstakra hluta \u00feess, r\u00e9tt eins og vi\u00f0 gerum me\u00f0 eldh\u00fas<\/em> og \u00f3talm\u00f6rg \u00f6nnur or\u00f0.\u201c En svo getum vi\u00f0 l\u00edka sagt: \u201e\u00dea\u00f0 er auglj\u00f3st hverjir hlutar \u00feessa or\u00f0s eru, br\u00fa\u00f0ur <\/em>og kaup<\/em>, og \u00fea\u00f0 liggur beint vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 tengja or\u00f0i\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00feau or\u00f0. \u00deess vegna er br\u00fa\u00f0kaup <\/em>\u00f3t\u00e6kt or\u00f0 \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 gefur til kynna a\u00f0 konur s\u00e9u keyptar \u00ed einhverjum skilningi, og \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fatilokar hj\u00f3naband tveggja karlmanna.\u201c \u00dea\u00f0 er ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 segja a\u00f0 anna\u00f0 \u00feessara sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0a s\u00e9 \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6tt r\u00e9tt en hitt rangt, e\u00f0a anna\u00f0 eigi alltaf vi\u00f0 en hitt aldrei. \u00dea\u00f0 fer eftir \u00fev\u00ed um hvers konar or\u00f0 er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a.<\/p>\n

Ef b\u00f3kstafleg e\u00f0a upprunaleg merking or\u00f0anna felur \u00ed s\u00e9r einhvers konar vi\u00f0horf e\u00f0a gildismat getur veri\u00f0 heppilegt e\u00f0a nau\u00f0synlegt a\u00f0 skipta \u00feeim \u00fat. \u00dea\u00f0 hef\u00f0i m\u00e1tt halda \u00fev\u00ed fram a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 kynvilla<\/em> merkti einfaldlega 'samkynhneig\u00f0' og \u00fe\u00f3tt villa <\/em>merki 'eitthva\u00f0 rangt' s\u00e9 \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0ulaust a\u00f0 skilja \u00fea\u00f0 b\u00f3kstaflegum skilningi \u00ed \u00feessari samsetningu, n\u00fa \u00feegar vi\u00f0horf hafi breyst. En \u00fea\u00f0 hef\u00f0i aldrei gengi\u00f0. Til \u00feess er tengingin vi\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 villa <\/em>of sterk \u00ed huga m\u00e1lnotenda, og or\u00f0i\u00f0 of tengt ford\u00f3mum og gildismati. Svipa\u00f0 m\u00e1 segja um or\u00f0 eins og vanskapa\u00f0ur<\/em>, f\u00f3sturey\u00f0ing<\/em> og m\u00f6rg fleiri. \u00d6\u00f0ru m\u00e1li gegnir um or\u00f0 eins og eldh\u00fas<\/em>. \u00dea\u00f0 felur ekki \u00ed s\u00e9r neins konar gildismat e\u00f0a vi\u00f0horf og \u00fev\u00ed fylgja engir ford\u00f3mar og \u00feess vegna truflar \u00fea\u00f0 okkur ekki.<\/p>\n

En \u00fearna geta veri\u00f0 \u00fdmis markatilvik og f\u00f3lk er misjafnlega vi\u00f0kv\u00e6mt. H\u00e9r hefur t.d. veri\u00f0 skrifa\u00f0<\/a> \u00e1\u00f0ur um andst\u00e6\u00f0una \u00f6rvhent<\/em> \u2013 r\u00e9tthent<\/em>. Vi\u00f0 erum alin upp vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 sem ekki er r\u00e9tt<\/em> hlj\u00f3ti a\u00f0 vera rangt<\/em>, og \u00feess vegna s\u00e9 \u00ed einhverjum skilningi rangt a\u00f0 vera \u00f6rvhentur<\/em> \u2013 og \u00feannig var vissulega liti\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00feetta \u00e1\u00f0ur fyrr og reynt a\u00f0 venja b\u00f6rn vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 nota frekar h\u00e6gri h\u00f6ndina. En truflar \u00feetta f\u00f3lk eitthva\u00f0 n\u00faor\u00f0i\u00f0? \u00c9g veit \u00fea\u00f0 ekki, en endurtek a\u00f0 \u201ea\u00f0alatri\u00f0i\u00f0 er eins og jafnan, a\u00f0 s\u00fdna tillitssemi og umbur\u00f0arlyndi \u2013 a\u00f0 f\u00f3lk skilji afst\u00f6\u00f0u annarra og s\u00fdni henni vir\u00f0ingu \u00ed sta\u00f0 \u00feess a\u00f0 gera l\u00edti\u00f0 \u00far henni og kalla hana ofurvi\u00f0kv\u00e6mni, \u00edhaldssemi, p\u00f3lit\u00edska r\u00e9tthugsun og \u00f6\u00f0rum sl\u00edkum n\u00f6fnum sem sj\u00e1st of oft \u00ed m\u00e1lfarslegri umr\u00e6\u00f0u.\u201c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Svissneski m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ingurinn Ferdinand de Saussure lag\u00f0i \u00e1herslu \u00e1 a\u00f0 tengslin milli t\u00e1kna m\u00e1lsins \u2013 or\u00f0anna \u2013 og \u00feess sem \u00feau v\u00edsa til v\u00e6ru tilviljanakennd og \u00e6ttu s\u00e9r engar r\u00f6klegar forsendur. \u00dea\u00f0 er ekkert \u00ed hlj\u00f3\u00f0a- e\u00f0a b\u00f3kstafar\u00f6\u00f0unum h-e-s-t-u-r og h-\u00fa-s sem segir a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r hlj\u00f3ti a\u00f0 merkja \u00fea\u00f0 sem \u00fe\u00e6r gera \u00ed \u00edslensku \u2013 vi\u00f0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4879","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4879","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4879"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4879\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5796,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4879\/revisions\/5796"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4879"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4879"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4879"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}