{"id":5092,"date":"2023-04-19T08:00:55","date_gmt":"2023-04-19T08:00:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=5092"},"modified":"2023-04-19T08:31:00","modified_gmt":"2023-04-19T08:31:00","slug":"rant-um-rant","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2023\/04\/19\/rant-um-rant\/","title":{"rendered":"Ranta\u00f0 um rant"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cd M\u00e1lv\u00f6ndunar\u00fe\u00e6ttinum var n\u00fdlega spurt um merkingu or\u00f0sins ranta <\/em>sem kom fyrir \u00ed fr\u00e9tt<\/a> \u00e1 vef Mannl\u00edfs <\/em>fyrir nokkrum d\u00f6gum: \u201eOg Kristj\u00e1ni Berg ofb\u00fd\u00f0ur \u00fea\u00f0 sem hann kallar v\u00e6l \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar og heldur \u00e1fram a\u00f0 ranta \u00ed m\u00e1linu.\u201c Sj\u00e1lfur gaspra\u00f0i \u00e9g um \u00fea\u00f0 fyrir tveimur \u00e1rum a\u00f0 undirtitill v\u00e6ntanlegrar b\u00f3kar minnar yr\u00f0i \u201eRei\u00f0areksma\u00f0ur rantar\u201c. S\u00f6gnin ranta<\/em> og nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 rant<\/em> eru komin \u00far ensku<\/a> en sj\u00e1st \u00e6 oftar \u00ed \u00edslensku og eru sk\u00fdr\u00f0<\/a> \u00e1g\u00e6tlega \u00ed ritd\u00f3mi eftir Inga Frey Vilhj\u00e1lmsson \u00ed DV<\/em> 2011: \u201e\u00cd \u00edslensku er ekki til neitt or\u00f0 sem hefur n\u00e1kv\u00e6mlega s\u00f6mu merkingu og enska or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u201erant\u201c sem getur \u00fe\u00fdtt l\u00f6ng einr\u00e6\u00f0a, gjarnan innbl\u00e1sin og afdr\u00e1ttarlaus jafnvel rauskennd, um eitthvert vi\u00f0fangsefni sem vi\u00f0komandi er hugleiki\u00f0.\u201c<\/p>\n

Elsta d\u00e6mi sem \u00e9g finn um nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 rant<\/em> \u00ed prentmi\u00f0lum er \u00ed \u00e1\u00f0urnefndum ritd\u00f3mi \u00ed DV<\/em> 2011, \u00fear sem segir: \u201eM\u00e6lskir menn og hugmyndar\u00edkir taka gjarnan sl\u00edk r\u00f6nt \u00fear sem \u00feeir va\u00f0a elginn og fara \u00far einu \u00ed anna\u00f0 \u00e1 skemmtilegu flugi.\u201c \u00dearna er or\u00f0i\u00f0 meira a\u00f0 segja \u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu sem er annars mj\u00f6g sjaldg\u00e6ft. Sami h\u00f6fundur segir \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0rum ritd\u00f3mi sama \u00e1r: \u201eSt\u00edllinn er rantkenndur\u201c. Annars s\u00e9st or\u00f0i\u00f0 ekki fyrr en \u00ed Fr\u00e9ttabla\u00f0inu <\/em>2015 \u2013 \u201e\u00c9g er hrifin af ranti og tu\u00f0i yfirleitt\u201c. S\u00f6gnin ranta <\/em>kemur flj\u00f3tlega \u00e1 eftir \u2013 \u00ed Fr\u00e9ttabla\u00f0inu <\/em>2016 segir: \u201e\u00dea\u00f0 er \u00ed e\u00f0li rappara a\u00f0 ranta fullir sj\u00e1lfstrausts og deyja fyrir m\u00e1lsta\u00f0inn en au\u00f0vita\u00f0 veit ma\u00f0ur aldrei fyrirfram hva\u00f0 f\u00f3lki finnst.\u201c Upp \u00far \u00feessu fj\u00f6lgar svo d\u00e6munum sm\u00e1tt og sm\u00e1tt, en eru vissulega s\u00e1raf\u00e1 enn.<\/p>\n

\u00d6\u00f0ru m\u00e1li gegnir um samf\u00e9lagsmi\u00f0la \u2013 \u00fear hafa \u00feessi or\u00f0 veri\u00f0 algeng \u00ed tuttugu \u00e1r. Elstu d\u00e6mi sem \u00e9g finn eru \u00e1 Hugi.is<\/em> \u00e1ri\u00f0 2000, b\u00e6\u00f0i um nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 og s\u00f6gnina \u2013 \u201eeinnig finnst manni ranti\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00feessarri t\u00edttnefndu s\u00ed\u00f0u ansi l\u00edkt \u00fev\u00ed sem vi\u00f0gekkst \u00e1 Genesis heimas\u00ed\u00f0unni\u201c og \u201ea\u00f0 \u00e9g s\u00e9 a\u00f0 ranta \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0u m\u00edns f\u00e9lags kemur ekkert s\u00e1rindum vi\u00f0\u201c. Karlkynsmyndin rantur<\/em> kemur l\u00edka stundum fyrir \u2013 \u201eHef alltaf gaman af vel skrifu\u00f0um ranti\u201c \u00e1 M\u00e1lefnin.com <\/em>2004. \u00dea\u00f0 er ekkert \u00f3algengt a\u00f0 n\u00fd t\u00f6kuor\u00f0 flakki milli kynja \u00ed fyrstu en festist svo \u00ed \u00e1kve\u00f0nu kyni og h\u00e9r hefur hvorugkyni\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 ofan \u00e1 \u2013 karlkynsd\u00e6mi eru mj\u00f6g f\u00e1 \u00ed seinni t\u00ed\u00f0. Einnig er til or\u00f0i\u00f0 rantari<\/em> um f\u00f3lk sem rantar <\/em>\u2013 \u201eH\u00fan er alveg jafn mikill rosalegur rantari og \u00fe\u00fa\u201c segir \u00e1 Bland.is<\/em> 2012.<\/p>\n

En er \u00feetta g\u00f3\u00f0 og gild \u00edslenska? Vitanlega eru or\u00f0in ensk a\u00f0 uppruna en \u00e6tterni\u00f0 er ekki n\u00e6gileg \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 hafna \u00feeim \u2013 fj\u00f6ldi enskra t\u00f6kuor\u00f0a n\u00fdtur vi\u00f0urkenningar \u00ed m\u00e1linu. Or\u00f0in falla l\u00edka vel a\u00f0 m\u00e1linu \u2013 ranta<\/em> er hli\u00f0st\u00e6tt s\u00f6gnum eins og vanta<\/em>, panta<\/em>, planta<\/em> o.fl. Karlkynsmyndin rantur<\/em> er hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0 fantur<\/em>, trantur<\/em>, pantur<\/em> o.fl. \u2013 hvorugkynsmyndin rant<\/em> \u00e1 engar algerar hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur en hlj\u00f3mar samt ekkert \u00f3e\u00f0lilega. En au\u00f0vita\u00f0 getur f\u00f3lk haldi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed fram a\u00f0 engin \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a s\u00e9 til a\u00f0 taka \u00feessi or\u00f0 or\u00f0 inn \u00ed m\u00e1li\u00f0 \u2013 vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum or\u00f0 eins og \u00feus<\/em>(a<\/em>), raus<\/em>(a<\/em>), fjas<\/em>(a<\/em>) o.fl. M\u00e9r finnst samt ekkert \u00feessara or\u00f0a hafa alveg s\u00f6mu merkingu og rant<\/em>(a<\/em>) og er samm\u00e1la Inga Frey sem \u00e1\u00f0ur var vitna\u00f0 til um a\u00f0 ekkert samsvarandi or\u00f0 s\u00e9 til \u00ed \u00edslensku.<\/p>\n

Sagnirnar \u00feusa<\/em>, rausa <\/em>og fjasa <\/em>eru allar svipa\u00f0rar merkingar og sk\u00fdr\u00f0ar hver me\u00f0 annarri \u00ed \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em>. \u00deannig er \u00feusa<\/em> sk\u00fdr\u00f0<\/a> 'rausa, fjasa, n\u00f6ldra'; rausa<\/em> er sk\u00fdr\u00f0<\/a> 'r\u00f6fla miki\u00f0, n\u00f6ldra, fjasa' og fjasa<\/em> er sk\u00fdr\u00f0<\/a> '\u00feusa, n\u00f6ldra'. S\u00f6gnin n\u00f6ldra<\/em> kemur fyrir \u00ed \u00f6llum sk\u00fdringunum, og h\u00fan er sk\u00fdr\u00f0<\/a> kvarta (um e-\u00f0), finna s\u00edfellt a\u00f0 (e-u)'. Merking \u00feessara sagna er sem s\u00e9 frekar neikv\u00e6\u00f0, en rant <\/em>\u00fearf ekki endilega a\u00f0 vera neikv\u00e6tt \u00fe\u00f3tt svo geti vissulega veri\u00f0. \u00c9g hef l\u00edka \u00e1 tilfinningunni a\u00f0 f\u00f3lk tengi \u00feus<\/em>, raus<\/em>\u00a0og fjas<\/em>\u00a0fremur vi\u00f0 tala\u00f0 m\u00e1l \u00fe\u00f3tt au\u00f0vita\u00f0 s\u00e9 l\u00edka h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 \u00feusa<\/em>, rausa <\/em>og fjasa<\/em> \u00ed ritu\u00f0u m\u00e1li. S\u00f6gnin ranta <\/em>er aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti mj\u00f6g oft notu\u00f0 um skrif \u00e1 netinu \u00fear sem sannarlega er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 finna meira en n\u00f3g af ranti<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Or\u00f0in rant <\/em>og ranta <\/em>laga sig algerlega a\u00f0 \u00edslensku hlj\u00f3\u00f0kerfi \u2013 opna framm\u00e6lta s\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0inu [\u00e6] er skipt \u00fat fyrir \u00edslenskt a<\/em> og radda\u00f0a n<\/em>-inu er skipt \u00fat fyrir \u00f3radda\u00f0 n<\/em> \u00ed m\u00e1li flestra \u00feannig a\u00f0 enskt [r\u00e6nt] ver\u00f0ur \u00edslenskt [ran\u0325t]. \u00deau laga sig l\u00edka a\u00f0 beygingarkerfinu \u2013 b\u00e6ta vi\u00f0 sig endingum \u00fear sem vi\u00f0 \u00e1 og hlj\u00f3\u00f0verpast l\u00edka eins og sj\u00e1 m\u00e1 \u00e1 fleirt\u00f6lunni r\u00f6nt<\/em> sem \u00e1\u00f0ur er nefnd. \u00deetta eru \u00fev\u00ed \u00edslensk or\u00f0. \u00deau merkja ekki n\u00e1kv\u00e6mlega sama og or\u00f0 sem fyrir eru \u00ed m\u00e1linu og koma \u00fev\u00ed ekki \u00ed sta\u00f0 \u00feeirra, heldur au\u00f0ga or\u00f0afor\u00f0ann. \u00deau standast \u00f6ll vi\u00f0mi\u00f0<\/a> sem e\u00f0lilegt er a\u00f0 hafa um m\u00e1lvenju og ver\u00f0a \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 teljast r\u00e9tt m\u00e1l<\/a>. Au\u00f0vita\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur hver a\u00f0 meta \u00feessi or\u00f0 fyrir sig, en m\u00e9r finnst \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0ulaust a\u00f0 amast vi\u00f0 \u00feeim og er farinn a\u00f0 nota \u00feau sj\u00e1lfur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cd M\u00e1lv\u00f6ndunar\u00fe\u00e6ttinum var n\u00fdlega spurt um merkingu or\u00f0sins ranta sem kom fyrir \u00ed fr\u00e9tt \u00e1 vef Mannl\u00edfs fyrir nokkrum d\u00f6gum: \u201eOg Kristj\u00e1ni Berg ofb\u00fd\u00f0ur \u00fea\u00f0 sem hann kallar v\u00e6l \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar og heldur \u00e1fram a\u00f0 ranta \u00ed m\u00e1linu.\u201c Sj\u00e1lfur gaspra\u00f0i \u00e9g um \u00fea\u00f0 fyrir tveimur \u00e1rum a\u00f0 undirtitill v\u00e6ntanlegrar b\u00f3kar minnar yr\u00f0i \u201eRei\u00f0areksma\u00f0ur rantar\u201c. S\u00f6gnin ranta […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5092","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5092","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5092"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5092\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5096,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5092\/revisions\/5096"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5092"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5092"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5092"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}