{"id":5142,"date":"2023-05-15T17:44:48","date_gmt":"2023-05-15T17:44:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=5142"},"modified":"2023-12-01T13:11:52","modified_gmt":"2023-12-01T13:11:52","slug":"kennarar-meistarar-toffarar-kroksarar-og-adrir-arar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2023\/05\/15\/kennarar-meistarar-toffarar-kroksarar-og-adrir-arar\/","title":{"rendered":"Kennarar, meistarar, t\u00f6ffarar, Kr\u00f3ksarar og a\u00f0rir -arar"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vi\u00f0skeyti\u00f0 -ari<\/em> \u201e[m]yndar gerandnafnor\u00f0 einkum af s\u00f6gnum, en einnig af n[afn]o[r\u00f0um], sbr. drepari<\/em> af drepa<\/em> en dr\u00e1pari<\/em> af dr\u00e1p<\/em>, kveljari<\/em> af kvelja<\/em> en kvalari<\/em> af kv\u00f6l<\/em>. [\u2026] Vi\u00f0skeyti\u00f0 er ekki germanskt a\u00f0 uppruna, heldur hefur \u00fea\u00f0 borist me\u00f0 latneskum t[\u00f6ku]o[r\u00f0um] inn \u00ed germ[\u00f6nsku] og \u00f6\u00f0last \u00fear sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6tt l\u00edf [\u2026], segir<\/a> \u00c1sgeir Bl\u00f6ndal Magn\u00fasson \u00ed \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0sifjab\u00f3k<\/em>. Hann bendir \u00e1 a\u00f0 vi\u00f0skeyti\u00f0 er sjaldg\u00e6ft \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li en Halld\u00f3r Halld\u00f3rsson hefur \u00fe\u00f3 s\u00fdnt fram \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 hafi veri\u00f0 nota\u00f0 til n\u00fdmyndunar \u00ed \u00edslensku \u00feegar um 1000. \u00c1 seinni \u00f6ldum hefur \u00feetta vi\u00f0skeyti or\u00f0i\u00f0 mj\u00f6g frj\u00f3samt og er eitt algengasta vi\u00f0skeyti m\u00e1lsins n\u00fa \u00e1 d\u00f6gum. M\u00f6rg or\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed tilheyra venjulegu m\u00e1li en \u00fea\u00f0 er einnig mj\u00f6g virkt \u00ed \u00f3formlegri or\u00f0myndun.<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er vissulega r\u00e9tt sem \u00c1sgeir Bl\u00f6ndal segir a\u00f0 or\u00f0 me\u00f0 -ari<\/em> eru oftast gerandnafnor\u00f0 \u2013 X+ari<\/em> merkir 'sem gerir X' \u2013 kennari<\/em> kennir<\/em>, leikari leikur<\/em>, rakari rakar<\/em>, reddari reddar <\/em>\u2013 og fiskari<\/a> fiskar<\/em>. En stundum er \u201egerandinn\u201c ekki mannlegur heldur t\u00e6ki, svo sem lyftari<\/em>, togari<\/em>, heftari<\/em>, magnari<\/em>, dempari<\/em> o.s.frv. Sum or\u00f0 me\u00f0 -ari<\/em> geta \u00fdmist v\u00edsa\u00f0 til f\u00f3lks e\u00f0a t\u00e6kis, \u00fe\u00e1 oft \u00ed mismunandi samsetningum, eins og (m\u00e1lm<\/em>)bl\u00e1sari<\/em> og (h\u00e1r<\/em>)bl\u00e1sari<\/em>, (bridge<\/em>)spilari<\/em> og (geisla<\/em>)spilari<\/em>, (einka<\/em>)ritari<\/em> og (fj\u00f6l<\/em>)ritari<\/em>, (vi\u00f0bur\u00f0a<\/em>)haldari<\/em> og (brj\u00f3sta<\/em>)haldari<\/em>, (upp<\/em>)lesari <\/em>og (korta<\/em>)lesari<\/em>, o.fl. Skemmtilegt d\u00e6mi um sl\u00edka tv\u00edr\u00e6\u00f0ni er prentari <\/em>sem \u00e1\u00f0ur v\u00edsa\u00f0i til st\u00e9ttar me\u00f0 \u00e1kve\u00f0na i\u00f0nmenntun en s\u00fa st\u00e9tt er horfin og or\u00f0i\u00f0 v\u00edsar n\u00fa or\u00f0i\u00f0 einungis til t\u00e6kis.<\/p>\n

\u00de\u00f3 er r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 athuga a\u00f0 m\u00f6rg or\u00f0 me\u00f0 -ari <\/em>eru ekki \u00edslenskar n\u00fdmyndanir heldur tekin inn \u00ed m\u00e1li\u00f0 \u00ed heilu lagi. Venjulega hafa or\u00f0in komi\u00f0 gegnum d\u00f6nsku og \u00ed seinni t\u00ed\u00f0 einnig ensku, og enda oftast \u00e1 -er<\/em> \u00ed veitim\u00e1linu. \u00deannig er loddari<\/em> komi\u00f0 af<\/a> loddere<\/em> \u00ed fornensku, meistari <\/em>er komi\u00f0 af<\/a> meister<\/em> \u00ed mi\u00f0l\u00e1g\u00fe\u00fdsku (sem \u00e6tta\u00f0 er fr\u00e1 magister<\/em> \u00ed lat\u00ednu), skraddari <\/em>er komi\u00f0 af skr\u00e6dder <\/em>\u00ed d\u00f6nsku, templari<\/em> \u00far<\/a> (good<\/em>) templar<\/em> \u00e1 ensku, o.s.frv. \u00deessi or\u00f0 eiga s\u00e9r sjaldnast nokkra samsvarandi s\u00f6gn, en \u00feau eru \u00fe\u00f3 hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0 gerandnafnor\u00f0um me\u00f0 -ari<\/em> a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed leyti a\u00f0 \u00feau v\u00edsa oft til f\u00f3lks og einhverra athafna e\u00f0a einkenna \u00feess. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fe\u00f3 ekki algilt, eins og sj\u00e1 m\u00e1 af or\u00f0um eins og brandari<\/em> sem er komi\u00f0 af<\/a> brander<\/em> \u00e1 d\u00f6nsku og slagari<\/em> af<\/a> slager<\/em> \u00e1 d\u00f6nsku.<\/p>\n

Eins og \u00e1\u00f0ur var nefnt eru or\u00f0 me\u00f0 -ari <\/em>stundum leidd af nafnor\u00f0um, t.d. svikari <\/em>af svik<\/em>, sj\u00f3ari <\/em>af sj\u00f3r<\/em>, golfari<\/em> af golf<\/em>, p\u00f6nkari<\/em> af p\u00f6nk<\/em>, t\u00f6ffari<\/em> af t\u00f6ff<\/em>, o.fl. \u00deessi or\u00f0 hafa oft gerandmerkingu eins og \u00feau sem eru leidd af s\u00f6gnum, \u00fe\u00f3tt ekki s\u00e9 h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 umor\u00f0a merkingu \u00feeirra \u00e1 sama h\u00e1tt, \u00fe.e. 'sem gerir X'. M\u00f6rg \u00feessara or\u00f0a eru einkum notu\u00f0 \u00ed \u00f3formlegu m\u00e1lsni\u00f0i og t.d. eru h\u00e1tt \u00ed fimmt\u00edu or\u00f0 me\u00f0 -ari<\/em> \u00ed Slanguror\u00f0ab\u00f3kinni<\/em> fr\u00e1 1982, flest myndu\u00f0 af nafnor\u00f0um. \u00dear m\u00e1 nefna or\u00f0 eins og bl\u00fasari<\/em> af bl\u00fas<\/em>, fr\u00f3nari<\/em> af Fr\u00f3n<\/em>, flippari<\/em> af flipp<\/em> e\u00f0a flippa<\/em>, snobbari <\/em>af snobb<\/em> o.fl., en l\u00edklega eru m\u00f6rg \u00feessara or\u00f0a n\u00fa or\u00f0in \u00farelt. Einnig eru d\u00e6mi um a\u00f0 -ari<\/em> s\u00e9 nota\u00f0 \u00ed \u00f3formlegum styttingum, eins og p\u00edpari <\/em>af p\u00edpulagningama\u00f0ur<\/em> og d\u00fakari<\/em> af d\u00faklagningama\u00f0ur<\/em>.<\/p>\n

En \u00f3formleg or\u00f0 myndu\u00f0 me\u00f0 -ari <\/em>af nafnor\u00f0um eru ekki bara gerandnafnor\u00f0, heldur l\u00edka or\u00f0 sem tengja f\u00f3lk vi\u00f0 sta\u00f0i og oftast \u00fe\u00e1 stuttmyndir sta\u00f0anafna \u2013 H\u00f3lmari<\/em> af Stykkish\u00f3lmur<\/em>, Sandari<\/em> af Hellissandur<\/em>, \u00d3lsari<\/em> af \u00d3lafsv\u00edk<\/em>, Kr\u00f3ksari<\/em> af Sau\u00f0\u00e1rkr\u00f3kur <\/em>o.fl. Einnig tengir -ari<\/em> oft f\u00f3lk vi\u00f0 \u00ed\u00fer\u00f3ttaf\u00e9l\u00f6g \u2013 Valsari<\/em>, Framari<\/em>, \u00de\u00f3r<\/em>(s<\/em>)ari<\/em>, T\u00fdrari <\/em>o.fl. \u00cd sumum \u00feessara or\u00f0a, eins og t.d. Kr\u00f3ks<\/strong>ari <\/em>og Vals<\/strong>ari<\/em>, er grunnor\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed eignarfalli, en annars tengist -ari<\/em> \u00e6vinlega stofni e\u00f0a r\u00f3t, \u00e1n beygingarendingar, eins og vi\u00f0skeyti yfirleitt. \u00cd T\u00fdrari<\/em> er eins og -ari<\/em> s\u00e9 b\u00e6tt aftan vi\u00f0 nefnifallsendingu en v\u00e6ntanlega hefur \u00feessi mynd or\u00f0i\u00f0 til<\/a> \u00ed m\u00e1li f\u00f3lks sem haf\u00f0i r<\/em>-i\u00f0 stofnl\u00e6gt, \u00fe.e. l\u00e9t \u00fea\u00f0 haldast \u00ed \u00f6llum f\u00f6llum (T\u00fdr <\/em>um T\u00fdr<\/em> \u00ed sta\u00f0 hins vi\u00f0urkennda T\u00fdr<\/em> um T\u00fd<\/em>).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vi\u00f0skeyti\u00f0 -ari \u201e[m]yndar gerandnafnor\u00f0 einkum af s\u00f6gnum, en einnig af n[afn]o[r\u00f0um], sbr. drepari af drepa en dr\u00e1pari af dr\u00e1p, kveljari af kvelja en kvalari af kv\u00f6l. [\u2026] Vi\u00f0skeyti\u00f0 er ekki germanskt a\u00f0 uppruna, heldur hefur \u00fea\u00f0 borist me\u00f0 latneskum t[\u00f6ku]o[r\u00f0um] inn \u00ed germ[\u00f6nsku] og \u00f6\u00f0last \u00fear sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6tt l\u00edf [\u2026], segir \u00c1sgeir Bl\u00f6ndal Magn\u00fasson \u00ed \u00cdslenskri […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5142","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5142","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5142"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5142\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5791,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5142\/revisions\/5791"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5142"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5142"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5142"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}