{"id":5173,"date":"2023-05-29T16:22:38","date_gmt":"2023-05-29T16:22:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=5173"},"modified":"2023-05-29T23:01:13","modified_gmt":"2023-05-29T23:01:13","slug":"skammt-a-milli-hlaturs-og-graturs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2023\/05\/29\/skammt-a-milli-hlaturs-og-graturs\/","title":{"rendered":"Skammt \u00e1 milli hl\u00e1turs og gr\u00e1turs"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cd vi\u00f0tali<\/a> sem \u00e9g var a\u00f0 lesa \u00ed netmi\u00f0li var haft eftir vi\u00f0m\u00e6landa: \u201eJ\u00e1, \u00fea\u00f0 er stutt \u00e1 milli hl\u00e1turs og gr\u00e1turs.\u201c \u00dea\u00f0 minnti mig \u00e1 a\u00f0 beygingarmyndin gr\u00e1turs<\/em> hefur stundum veri\u00f0 til umr\u00e6\u00f0u, b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed \u00feessum h\u00f3pi og M\u00e1lv\u00f6ndunar\u00fe\u00e6ttinum. Oft er \u00fe\u00e1 vitna\u00f0 \u00ed M\u00e1lfarsbankann<\/em> sem segir<\/a>: \u201eEf.et. gr\u00e1ts (ekki \u201egr\u00e1turs\u201c) sbr. oft er skammt milli hl\u00e1turs og gr\u00e1ts.\u201c \u00cd Beygingarl\u00fdsingu \u00edslensks n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls<\/em> er eing\u00f6ngu gefin eignarfallsmyndin gr\u00e1ts<\/em>. \u00de\u00f3tt or\u00f0in hl\u00e1tur <\/em>og gr\u00e1tur <\/em>r\u00edmi saman \u00ed nefnifalli er s\u00e1 munur \u00e1 \u00feeim a\u00f0 \u00ed hl\u00e1tur <\/em>er r <\/em>stofnl\u00e6gt, \u00fe.e. helst \u00ed \u00f6llum f\u00f6llum, en \u00ed gr\u00e1tur <\/em>er \u00fea\u00f0 nefnifallsending og \u00e6tti \u00fev\u00ed ekki a\u00f0 koma fram \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0rum f\u00f6llum. En undir hl\u00e1tur <\/em>\u00ed \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em> er \u00fe\u00f3 gefi\u00f0 d\u00e6mi\u00f0 \u201eoft er skammt milli hl\u00e1turs og gr\u00e1turs\u201c.<\/p>\n

Oft hefur \u00fe\u00f3 veri\u00f0 amast vi\u00f0 myndinni gr\u00e1turs<\/em>. \u00cd \u00fe\u00e6tti s\u00ednum \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1998 greindi G\u00edsli J\u00f3nsson fr\u00e1 br\u00e9fi sem honum haf\u00f0i borist um \u00feetta m\u00e1l og sag\u00f0i<\/a>: \u201e\u00c1 stuttum t\u00edma, a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00e6tlum, hafa mj\u00f6g margir teki\u00f0 upp \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 beygja karlkynsnafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 gr\u00e1tur<\/strong> eins og hl\u00e1tur<\/strong>. Menn segja \u00fe\u00e1 til d\u00e6mis a\u00f0 stutt s\u00e9 \u00e1 milli hl\u00e1turs og ?gr\u00e1turs.\u201c Br\u00e9fritarinn \u201ekanna\u00f0i \u00feetta m\u00e1l og fann \u00edskyggilega m\u00f6rg d\u00e6mi me\u00f0al yngra f\u00f3lks.\u201c \u00c1 t\u00edmarit.is<\/em> eru 314 d\u00e6mi um hl\u00e1turs og gr\u00e1ts<\/em>, \u00fea\u00f0 elsta fr\u00e1 1923, en 129 d\u00e6mi um hl\u00e1turs og gr\u00e1turs<\/em>, \u00fea\u00f0 elsta fr\u00e1 1927. \u00cd Risam\u00e1lheildinni <\/em>eru 154 d\u00e6mi um hl\u00e1turs og gr\u00e1ts<\/em>, en 110 um hl\u00e1turs og gr\u00e1turs<\/em>. B\u00e1\u00f0ar myndir or\u00f0asambandsins eru sjaldg\u00e6far fram um 1980 en s\u00ed\u00f0an \u00fe\u00e1 hafa b\u00e1\u00f0ar veri\u00f0 algengar.<\/p>\n

En jafnframt er lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 eignarfallsmyndin gr\u00e1turs<\/em> er sjaldg\u00e6f nema \u00ed \u00feessu sambandi. \u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0an fyrir notkun hennar er auglj\u00f3s, eins og Helgi Seljan nefndi<\/a>\u00a0\u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2002: \u201eR\u00e9tt mun eignarfalli\u00f0 gr\u00e1ts, en vir\u00f0ingarvert raunar a\u00f0 \u00feeir sem tala um gr\u00e1turs \u00e1 m\u00f3ti hl\u00e1turs eru \u00fe\u00f3 ekki alveg lausir vi\u00f0 r\u00e9tta r\u00edmhugsun, en gjarnan m\u00e6ttu \u00feeir hinir s\u00f6mu n\u00fdta r\u00edmhugsunina r\u00e9tt.\u201c Karl Emil Gunnarsson var \u00e1 s\u00f6mu n\u00f3tum<\/a> \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2002: \u201e\u00dearna er komi\u00f0 sk\u00f3lab\u00f3kard\u00e6mi um \u00e1hrifsbreytingu. Eignarfalli\u00f0, sem allajafna er gr\u00e1ts<\/strong>, ver\u00f0ur gr\u00e1turs fyrir \u00e1hrif fr\u00e1 hl\u00e1turs<\/strong>. Mikill er m\u00e1ttur r\u00edmsins. Breytingin er \u00fe\u00f3 ekki or\u00f0in almenn enn sem komi\u00f0 er og ver\u00f0ur vonandi bundin vi\u00f0 f\u00e1a enn um sinn.\u201c S\u00fa von vir\u00f0ist ekki hafa r\u00e6st.<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 m\u00e1lt\u00e6ki\u00f0 hlj\u00f3mar miklu betur ef \u00fea\u00f0 er haft milli hl\u00e1turs og gr\u00e1turs<\/em> \u2013 or\u00f0asambandi\u00f0 byggist \u00ed raun \u00e1 \u00feessu r\u00edmi. \u00de\u00f3tt eignarfalli\u00f0 af gr\u00e1tur<\/em> s\u00e9 vissulega gr\u00e1ts<\/em> svona eitt og s\u00e9r er ekkert einsd\u00e6mi a\u00f0 \u00f3venjuleg (\u201er\u00f6ng\u201c) beygingarmynd s\u00e9 notu\u00f0 \u00ed f\u00f6stum or\u00f0asamb\u00f6ndum. \u00deetta m\u00e1 bera saman vi\u00f0 sambandi\u00f0 komin \u00e1 steypirinn<\/em> \u00fear sem vi\u00f0urkennd \u00feolfallsmynd er steypinn<\/em>. \u00cd \u00fev\u00ed tilviki segir<\/a> M\u00e1lfarsbankinn<\/em>: \u201eBetur fer \u00e1 a\u00f0 tala um a\u00f0 vera kominn \u00e1 steypirinn<\/strong> en \u201evera kominn \u00e1 steypinn\u201c \u00fear sem fyrri rith\u00e1tturinn sty\u00f0st vi\u00f0 gamla hef\u00f0.\u201c Sama gildir um milli hl\u00e1turs og gr\u00e1turs<\/em> \u00fe\u00f3tt hef\u00f0in \u00fear s\u00e9 kannski ekki jafnl\u00f6ng. Svipa\u00f0 d\u00e6mi er naktri<\/em> \u00ed ney\u00f0in kennir naktri konu a\u00f0 spinna<\/em> \u00fear sem venjuleg mynd er nakinni<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cd vi\u00f0tali sem \u00e9g var a\u00f0 lesa \u00ed netmi\u00f0li var haft eftir vi\u00f0m\u00e6landa: \u201eJ\u00e1, \u00fea\u00f0 er stutt \u00e1 milli hl\u00e1turs og gr\u00e1turs.\u201c \u00dea\u00f0 minnti mig \u00e1 a\u00f0 beygingarmyndin gr\u00e1turs hefur stundum veri\u00f0 til umr\u00e6\u00f0u, b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed \u00feessum h\u00f3pi og M\u00e1lv\u00f6ndunar\u00fe\u00e6ttinum. Oft er \u00fe\u00e1 vitna\u00f0 \u00ed M\u00e1lfarsbankann sem segir: \u201eEf.et. gr\u00e1ts (ekki \u201egr\u00e1turs\u201c) sbr. oft er […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5173","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5173","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5173"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5173\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5175,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5173\/revisions\/5175"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5173"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5173"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5173"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}