{"id":5270,"date":"2023-07-17T13:19:00","date_gmt":"2023-07-17T13:19:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=5270"},"modified":"2023-07-17T16:48:45","modified_gmt":"2023-07-17T16:48:45","slug":"kynjahlutfoll-nafnorda-i-islensku-ad-fornu-og-nyju","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2023\/07\/17\/kynjahlutfoll-nafnorda-i-islensku-ad-fornu-og-nyju\/","title":{"rendered":"Kynjahlutf\u00f6ll nafnor\u00f0a \u00ed \u00edslensku a\u00f0 fornu og n\u00fdju"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Fyrir t\u00e6pum fj\u00f3rum \u00e1rum <a href=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=77754\">svara\u00f0i<\/a> \u00e9g eftirfarandi spurningu \u00e1 <em>V\u00edsindavefnum<\/em>:<em> \u201eHver eru kynjahlutf\u00f6ll or\u00f0a \u00ed \u00edslensku? \u00de.e.a.s. hversu h\u00e1tt hlutfall<\/em><em> or\u00f0a er \u00ed karlkyni, kvenkyni og hvorugkyni? [\u2026] Hefur \u00feetta breyst \u00ed gegnum t\u00ed\u00f0ina? [\u2026]\u201c<\/em> A\u00f0 gefnu tilefni birti \u00e9g h\u00e9r hluta af svari m\u00ednu, nokku\u00f0 aukinn og breyttan. En \u00ed upphafi er r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 leggja \u00e1herslu \u00e1 a\u00f0 spurningu um kynjahlutf\u00f6ll m\u00e1 skilja \u00e1 tvo vegu. Annars vegar getur veri\u00f0 \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 fj\u00f6lda <strong>mismunandi<\/strong> or\u00f0a \u00ed hverju kyni sem til eru \u00ed m\u00e1linu (flettior\u00f0), en hins vegar getur veri\u00f0 \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 <strong>hlutfall d\u00e6ma<\/strong> um or\u00f0 af hverju kyni \u00ed texta (lesm\u00e1lsor\u00f0). T\u00f6lur um hi\u00f0 fyrrnefnda liggja ekki fyrir en tr\u00falegt er a\u00f0 kynjahlutf\u00f6llin s\u00e9u svipu\u00f0 \u00fear og \u00ed flettior\u00f0unum \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00fea\u00f0 \u00feyrfti a\u00f0 kanna n\u00e1nar.<\/p>\n<p>Spurningu um hlutfall d\u00e6ma af hverju kyni \u00ed texta m\u00e1 svara me\u00f0 v\u00edsun til <a href=\"https:\/\/malheildir.arnastofnun.is\/\">Risam\u00e1lheildarinnar<\/a> sem er textasafn \u00far \u00edslensku n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li og hefur a\u00f0 geyma u.\u00fe.b. 2,7 milljar\u00f0a lesm\u00e1lsor\u00f0a. \u00dear er hlutfall d\u00e6ma um karlkynsor\u00f0 t\u00e6p 34% af heildinni, d\u00e6mi um kvenkynsor\u00f0 t\u00e6p 32%, og d\u00e6mi um hvorugkynsor\u00f0 r\u00fam 34%. \u00cd <em>\u00cdslenskri or\u00f0t\u00ed\u00f0nib\u00f3k <\/em>fr\u00e1 1991 eru hlutf\u00f6llin svipu\u00f0 \u2013 karlkyn t\u00e6p 35%, kvenkyn t\u00e6p 33%, hvorugkyn r\u00fam 32%. \u00a0\u00deessar t\u00f6lur mi\u00f0ast vi\u00f0 samn\u00f6fn en s\u00e9rn\u00f6fnum er sleppt. S\u00e9u \u00feau tekin me\u00f0 h\u00e6kkar hlutfall karlkynsor\u00f0a \u00ed <em>Risam\u00e1lheildinni<\/em> upp \u00ed t\u00e6p 37%, einkum \u00e1 kostna\u00f0 hvorugkynsor\u00f0a. \u00deetta s\u00fdnir vel hva\u00f0 karlmannsn\u00f6fn eru \u00e1berandi \u00ed textunum og <strong>\u00fea\u00f0<\/strong> gerir \u00fe\u00e1 karll\u00e6ga \u2013 ekki fj\u00f6ldi e\u00f0a hlutfall karlkynsor\u00f0a \u00fat af fyrir sig.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cd fornu m\u00e1li eru hlutf\u00f6llin talsvert \u00f3l\u00edk. \u00cd safni sem hefur a\u00f0 geyma <em>\u00cdslendingas\u00f6gur<\/em>, <em>Sturlungu<\/em>, <em>Heimskringlu<\/em> og <em>Landn\u00e1mab\u00f3k<\/em> eru t\u00e6plega 1700 \u00fe\u00fasund or\u00f0. \u00dear er hlutfall d\u00e6ma um karlkynsor\u00f0 r\u00fam 60%, d\u00e6mi um kvenkynsor\u00f0 eru t\u00e6p 19%, og d\u00e6mi um hvorugkynsor\u00f0 r\u00fam 21%. \u00deessir fornu textar eru fr\u00e1sagnartextar sem segja fyrst og fremst fr\u00e1 karlm\u00f6nnum, ath\u00f6fnum \u00feeirra og afrekum. S\u00e9rn\u00f6fn eru \u00fev\u00ed miklu h\u00e6rra hlutfall textans en \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmatextunum, og flest \u00feeirra eru karlmannsn\u00f6fn \u2013 r\u00e9tt t\u00e6pur helmingur allra karlkynsnafnor\u00f0a \u00ed \u00feeim eru s\u00e9rn\u00f6fn en a\u00f0eins t\u00e6pur fj\u00f3r\u00f0ungur kvenkynsnafnor\u00f0anna og innan vi\u00f0 10% hvorugkynsnafnor\u00f0a. Ef s\u00e9rn\u00f6fnin eru dregin fr\u00e1 l\u00e6kkar hlutfall karlkynsor\u00f0a ni\u00f0ur \u00ed r\u00fam 47%.<\/p>\n<p>Eftir standa samt \u00fdmiss konar \u201estarfsheiti\u201c karlmannanna, s.s. <em>konungur<\/em>, <em>jarl<\/em>, <em>b\u00f3ndi<\/em>, og \u00fdmis fr\u00e6ndsemisor\u00f0 sem mun oftar v\u00edsa til karlmanna \u2013 <em>sonur<\/em>, <em>br\u00f3\u00f0ir<\/em>, <em>fr\u00e6ndi<\/em> o.fl. Ekki er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 \u00e1tta sig \u00e1 fj\u00f6lda sl\u00edkra or\u00f0a \u00ed flj\u00f3tu brag\u00f0i, en ef \u00feau v\u00e6ru dregin fr\u00e1 er \u00e9g ekki viss um a\u00f0 hlutfall d\u00e6ma um karlkynsor\u00f0 v\u00e6ri miklu h\u00e6rra \u00ed fornum textum en \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li. En hva\u00f0 sem \u00fev\u00ed l\u00ed\u00f0ur s\u00fdna \u00feessar t\u00f6lur tvennt. Annars vegar a\u00f0 \u00f3tr\u00falega miki\u00f0 jafnr\u00e6\u00f0i r\u00edkir \u00ed m\u00e1linu milli m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ikynjanna \u00feriggja \u2013 hlutfall hvers um sig er u.\u00fe.b. \u00feri\u00f0jungur af heildinni. \u00dea\u00f0 er mikilv\u00e6gt fyrir st\u00f6\u00f0ugleik m\u00e1lsins. Hins vegar s\u00fdnir \u00feetta a\u00f0 meint karll\u00e6gni m\u00e1lsins kemur ekki fram \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 karlkyns <strong>samn\u00f6fn<\/strong> s\u00e9u yfirgn\u00e6fandi, \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00f6\u00f0ru m\u00e1li gegni um karlmannsn\u00f6fn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Fyrir t\u00e6pum fj\u00f3rum \u00e1rum svara\u00f0i \u00e9g eftirfarandi spurningu \u00e1 V\u00edsindavefnum: \u201eHver eru kynjahlutf\u00f6ll or\u00f0a \u00ed \u00edslensku? \u00de.e.a.s. hversu h\u00e1tt hlutfall or\u00f0a er \u00ed karlkyni, kvenkyni og hvorugkyni? [\u2026] Hefur \u00feetta breyst \u00ed gegnum t\u00ed\u00f0ina? [\u2026]\u201c A\u00f0 gefnu tilefni birti \u00e9g h\u00e9r hluta af svari m\u00ednu, nokku\u00f0 aukinn og breyttan. En \u00ed upphafi er r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5270","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5270","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5270"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5270\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5272,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5270\/revisions\/5272"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5270"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5270"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5270"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}