{"id":5429,"date":"2023-09-06T15:51:05","date_gmt":"2023-09-06T15:51:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=5429"},"modified":"2023-09-06T15:51:05","modified_gmt":"2023-09-06T15:51:05","slug":"hvad-merkir-lja-mals-a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2023\/09\/06\/hvad-merkir-lja-mals-a\/","title":{"rendered":"Hva\u00f0 merkir lj\u00e1 m\u00e1ls \u00e1?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cd fr\u00e9tt<\/a> \u00ed n\u00fdjasta t\u00f6lubla\u00f0i Heimildarinnar <\/em>rakst \u00e9g \u00e1 setninguna \u201e\u00dea\u00f0 var vi\u00f0 matarbor\u00f0i\u00f0 daginn sem st\u00falkan kom heim \u00far sumarb\u00fa\u00f0unum sem h\u00fan lj\u00e1\u00f0i m\u00e1ls \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed sem \u00fear var sagt vi\u00f0 hana um samkynhneig\u00f0.\u201c \u00dearna er merking sambandsins lj\u00e1 m\u00e1ls \u00e1<\/em> greinilega ekki s\u00fa sem \u00e9g er vanur, 'telja koma til greina' e\u00f0a 'taka \u00ed m\u00e1l' eins og \u00fea\u00f0 er sk\u00fdrt \u00ed \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em>. \u00cd \u00feessu d\u00e6mi er merkingin auglj\u00f3slega 'vekja m\u00e1ls \u00e1, nefna' eins og \u00e9g hef svo sem s\u00e9\u00f0 \u00e1\u00f0ur, og \u00fea\u00f0 samr\u00fdmist sk\u00fdringunni<\/a> 'minnast \u00e1' \u00ed \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em>, me\u00f0 notkunard\u00e6minu h\u00fan l\u00e9\u00f0i m\u00e1ls \u00e1 mikilv\u00e6gu efni<\/em>. \u00cd \u00cdslensk danskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>fr\u00e1 1920-1924 er svo enn ein sk\u00fdring<\/a>: 'give Lejlighed til at omtale noget', \u00fe.e. 'gefa f\u00e6ri \u00e1 a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a eitthva\u00f0' e\u00f0a 'taka til umr\u00e6\u00f0u'.<\/p>\n

\u00cd Ritm\u00e1lssafni \u00c1rnastofnunar<\/em> er eitt d\u00e6mi<\/a> fr\u00e1 18. \u00f6ld um lj\u00e1 m\u00e1ls \u00e1<\/em> en elsta d\u00e6mi \u00e1 t\u00edmarit.is<\/em> er \u00ed Fjallkonunni <\/em>1890: \u201e\u00deegar \u00e9g l\u00e9\u00f0ist m\u00e1ls \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 vera skipa\u00f0r lei\u00f0s\u00f6guma\u00f0r skipa h\u00e9\u00f0an af Akranesi til Borgarness.\u201c \u00dearna er merkingin auglj\u00f3slega 'taka \u00ed m\u00e1l' og sama m\u00e1li gegnir a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed er vir\u00f0ist um \u00f6ll eldri d\u00e6mi um sambandi\u00f0. Hins vegar er oft erfitt a\u00f0 skera \u00far um merkinguna. Ef \u00e9g segi \u00e9g l\u00e9\u00f0i m\u00e1ls \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 taka verki\u00f0 a\u00f0 m\u00e9r<\/em> g\u00e6ti \u00fea\u00f0 merkt hvort heldur '\u00e9g sag\u00f0i koma til m\u00e1la a\u00f0 \u00e9g t\u00e6ki verki\u00f0 a\u00f0 m\u00e9r' e\u00f0a '\u00e9g vakti m\u00e1ls \u00e1 \/ stakk upp \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00e9g t\u00e6ki verki\u00f0 a\u00f0 m\u00e9r' en seinni skilningurinn er h\u00e1\u00f0ur \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 s\u00e1 m\u00f6guleiki a\u00f0 \u00e9g t\u00e6ki verki\u00f0 a\u00f0 m\u00e9r hafi ekki veri\u00f0 \u00ed umr\u00e6\u00f0unni. \u00dar \u00feessu er ekki alltaf au\u00f0velt a\u00f0 skera \u00fat fr\u00e1 samhengi.<\/p>\n

\u00cd Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1980 segir: \u201e\u00de\u00e1 hefur Gerald Ford fyrrum forseti uppl\u00fdst, a\u00f0 Haig hafi fyrstur lj\u00e1\u00f0 m\u00e1ls \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 Nixon yr\u00f0i n\u00e1\u00f0a\u00f0ur.\u201c \u00dearna g\u00e6ti merkingin \u00ed flj\u00f3tu brag\u00f0i virst vera 'teki\u00f0 \u00ed m\u00e1l'. En \u00feegar fr\u00e9ttin er lesin kemur \u00ed lj\u00f3s a\u00f0 Haig var hli\u00f0hollur Nixon og merkingin hl\u00fdtur \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 vera 'vaki\u00f0 m\u00e1ls \u00e1, stungi\u00f0 upp \u00e1'. \u00cd DV <\/em>1992 segir: \u201eBush Bandar\u00edkjaforseti lj\u00e1\u00f0i m\u00e1ls \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed s\u00ed\u00f0ustu viku a\u00f0 R\u00fassland fengi a\u00f0 vera me\u00f0 \u00ed h\u00f3pi hinna sj\u00f6 helstu i\u00f0nr\u00edkja en hin l\u00f6ndin hafa teki\u00f0 misjafnlega \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1 hugmynd.\u201c \u00dearna g\u00e6ti merkingin veri\u00f0 't\u00f3k \u00ed m\u00e1l, taldi koma til greina' ef \u00feetta hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 r\u00e6tt \u00e1\u00f0ur, en framhaldi\u00f0 bendir til \u00feess a\u00f0 svo hafi ekki veri\u00f0 heldur hafi hugmynd Bush veri\u00f0 n\u00fdst\u00e1rleg og merkingin \u00fev\u00ed 'stakk upp \u00e1'.<\/p>\n

Elsta \u00f6rugga og \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6\u00f0a d\u00e6mi sem \u00e9g hef fundi\u00f0 um merkinguna 'vekja m\u00e1ls \u00e1' er \u00ed lesendabr\u00e9fi \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1980: \u201e\u00cd tilefni \u201e\u00e1rs tr\u00e9sins\u201c l\u00e9t \u00e9g \u00feetta fr\u00e1 m\u00e9r fara \u00ed \u00feeirri von a\u00f0 Velvakandi lj\u00e1i m\u00e1ls \u00e1 \u00feessu.\u201c \u00deessi merking er \u00fev\u00ed a.m.k. komin til fyrir meira en 40 \u00e1rum \u2013 en getur vel veri\u00f0 miklu eldri vegna tv\u00edr\u00e6\u00f0ni margra d\u00e6ma. \u00d3tv\u00edr\u00e6\u00f0 d\u00e6mi eru \u00fe\u00f3 sjaldg\u00e6f fram um aldam\u00f3t en breg\u00f0ur fyrir \u2013 \u00ed \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0viljanum <\/em>1990 segir t.d.: \u201e\u00c9g vil lj\u00e1 m\u00e1ls \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri m\u00f3\u00f0gun vi\u00f0 f\u00e9lagsmenn a\u00f0 fara fram \u00e1 a\u00f0 gefa eftir samninginn.\u201c Um aldam\u00f3t fer d\u00e6mum fj\u00f6lgandi \u2013 \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2000 segir t.d.: \u201eFlj\u00f3tlega f\u00f3ru menn \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 lj\u00e1 m\u00e1ls \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 skemmtilegt g\u00e6ti veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 lengja h\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0ina.\u201c \u00c1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1rum er \u00feessi merking or\u00f0in mj\u00f6g algeng.<\/p>\n

\u00dearna eru \u00ed raun komnar \u00ferj\u00e1r merkingar sambandsins lj\u00e1 m\u00e1ls \u00e1 <\/em>\u2013 'taka \u00ed m\u00e1l' eins og \u00ed \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em>, 'vekja m\u00e1ls \u00e1' e\u00f0a 'minnast \u00e1', eins og \u00ed \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em>, og 'stinga upp \u00e1' sem er vissulega skylt en \u00fe\u00f3 svol\u00edti\u00f0 anna\u00f0. Fj\u00f3r\u00f0u merkinguna m\u00e1 e.t.v. finna \u00ed setningu um J\u00f3h\u00f6nnu Sigur\u00f0ard\u00f3ttur \u00ed DV <\/em>2010: \u201eH\u00fan hefur aldrei lj\u00e1\u00f0 m\u00e1ls \u00e1 samkynhneig\u00f0 og hefur \u00fev\u00ed ekki or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00feessi t\u00e1knmynd samkynhneig\u00f0ra \u00e1 al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0avettvangi sem margir \u00f3sku\u00f0u s\u00e9r.\u201c \u00dea\u00f0 er hugsanlegt a\u00f0 segja a\u00f0 sambandi\u00f0 hafi \u00fearna merkinguna 'minnast \u00e1' en eiginlega liggur beinna vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 segja a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 merki \u00fearna 'gefa f\u00e6ri \u00e1 a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a' eins og \u00ed \u00cdslensk-danskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em>. A\u00f0alskilin eru \u00fe\u00f3 milli fyrstnefndu merkingarinnar og hinna \u00feriggja.<\/p>\n

Vitanlega er \u00fea\u00f0 ekkert einsd\u00e6mi a\u00f0 or\u00f0 og or\u00f0asamb\u00f6nd hafi fleiri en eina merkingu, en oftast er \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 \u00feannig a\u00f0 samhengi\u00f0 sker \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6tt \u00far um \u00fea\u00f0 hver s\u00e9 r\u00e9ttur skilningur hverju sinni. Svo er ekki \u00ed \u00feessu tilviki og \u00fev\u00ed er \u00f3heppilegt og getur valdi\u00f0 misskilningi a\u00f0 sambandi\u00f0 lj\u00e1 m\u00e1ls \u00e1 <\/em>skuli vera nota\u00f0 \u00ed mismunandi merkingu. \u00dea\u00f0 er hins vegar erfitt a\u00f0 gera nokku\u00f0 \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed. Vissulega er merkingin 'taka \u00ed m\u00e1l' upphafleg (\u00fe\u00f3tt sk\u00fdringin \u00ed hinni aldarg\u00f6mlu \u00cdslensk-danskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>s\u00e9 reyndar \u00f6nnur) og enn\u00fe\u00e1 langalgengust, en t\u00e6plega er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 hafna merkingunni 'minnast \u00e1' sem er algenga og \u00e1 s\u00e9r langa s\u00f6gu eins og h\u00e9r hefur komi\u00f0 fram og sta\u00f0festist \u00ed \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em>. Vi\u00f0 ver\u00f0um l\u00edklega bara a\u00f0 b\u00faa vi\u00f0 \u00feessa tv\u00edr\u00e6\u00f0ni.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cd fr\u00e9tt \u00ed n\u00fdjasta t\u00f6lubla\u00f0i Heimildarinnar rakst \u00e9g \u00e1 setninguna \u201e\u00dea\u00f0 var vi\u00f0 matarbor\u00f0i\u00f0 daginn sem st\u00falkan kom heim \u00far sumarb\u00fa\u00f0unum sem h\u00fan lj\u00e1\u00f0i m\u00e1ls \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed sem \u00fear var sagt vi\u00f0 hana um samkynhneig\u00f0.\u201c \u00dearna er merking sambandsins lj\u00e1 m\u00e1ls \u00e1 greinilega ekki s\u00fa sem \u00e9g er vanur, 'telja koma til greina' e\u00f0a 'taka […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5429","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5429","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5429"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5429\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5430,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5429\/revisions\/5430"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5429"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5429"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5429"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}