{"id":5523,"date":"2023-09-27T11:09:35","date_gmt":"2023-09-27T11:09:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=5523"},"modified":"2025-05-22T22:01:27","modified_gmt":"2025-05-22T22:01:27","slug":"ad-ryna-til-gagns-eda-hvad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2023\/09\/27\/ad-ryna-til-gagns-eda-hvad\/","title":{"rendered":"A\u00f0 r\u00fdna til gagns \u2013 e\u00f0a hva\u00f0?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>S\u00f6gnin <em>gagnr\u00fdna <\/em>f\u00e6r <a href=\"https:\/\/l.facebook.com\/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fislenskordabok.arnastofnun.is%2Ford%2F14692%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR2wDu-O8pEV4W5fV4msx61p_ugJ9FvOIiUKL12J_OcI7QfE-ni5iz18pgY&amp;h=AT1VzMU_EzYHZf2nAEHephLE3BaCZsAvxdBrOjbxj8PAtKON8GFdq1MbDOJo8YdGT4qTJKRhWlvEvDAWn3NzKb6Td2ak3FJkVBMESzhK2UxPvOnj_UQ5R0UGCkn83TnuBA&amp;__tn__=-UK-R&amp;c%5b0%5d=AT3E6UqM3SMPRwK7xxg5Q1eFWWN4Ug9VJIUOfu0B7UzjVakZ4XX6br3OKnxcbuHMw2-CHoBNFFnoiJTpLsRof9qDlBQEaqdP5ykw4ifbawe-e_yis-v8-gDajrWgmebVXJXy8qCAilpO2v3vbZBILY3RwKVHPakUXbKFpJwmdezy4t7hM_5ks-KKrYicpRIarabyWb3DNOcBwcfe\">tv\u00e6r sk\u00fdringar<\/a> \u00ed <em>\u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em>: 'segja kost og l\u00f6st (\u00e1 e-u)' og 'fella d\u00f3m tala um galla (e-s), finna a\u00f0 (e-u\/e-m)'. Nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>gagnr\u00fdni<\/em> f\u00e6r einnig tv\u00e6r samb\u00e6rilegar <a href=\"https:\/\/l.facebook.com\/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fislenskordabok.arnastofnun.is%2Ford%2F14694%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR2wDu-O8pEV4W5fV4msx61p_ugJ9FvOIiUKL12J_OcI7QfE-ni5iz18pgY&amp;h=AT2BpQNTwSpZ4liAbh95ihfC0GaT2qjfLrlHSbRrXUyWqb2Wrxo5vSKFyKmXTPfBIgB_GlrtktL8k1VnGkF1b4EC4H8KcuVQtes-gnTbroyDbdL6Z9j7HCpBEnepjG3WgA&amp;__tn__=-UK-R&amp;c%5b0%5d=AT3E6UqM3SMPRwK7xxg5Q1eFWWN4Ug9VJIUOfu0B7UzjVakZ4XX6br3OKnxcbuHMw2-CHoBNFFnoiJTpLsRof9qDlBQEaqdP5ykw4ifbawe-e_yis-v8-gDajrWgmebVXJXy8qCAilpO2v3vbZBILY3RwKVHPakUXbKFpJwmdezy4t7hM_5ks-KKrYicpRIarabyWb3DNOcBwcfe\">sk\u00fdringar<\/a>. \u00de\u00f3tt b\u00e1\u00f0ar merkingarnar s\u00e9u algengar er s\u00fa s\u00ed\u00f0arnefnda oftast meira \u00e1berandi eins og marka m\u00e1 af t\u00ed\u00f0ni sambanda eins og <em>h\u00f6r\u00f0 <\/em>e\u00f0a <em>\u00f3v\u00e6gin gagnr\u00fdni<\/em>, <em>gagnr\u00fdna harkalega <\/em>o.fl, og or\u00f0in hafa \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1 s\u00e9r nokku\u00f0 neikv\u00e6\u00f0an bl\u00e6. Til a\u00f0 vega upp \u00e1 m\u00f3ti \u00feessari neikv\u00e6\u00f0ni og styrkja fyrrnefndu merkinguna hefur \u00ed seinni t\u00ed\u00f0 veri\u00f0 tilhneiging til a\u00f0 skilja or\u00f0in b\u00f3kstaflega og segja a\u00f0 <em>gagnr\u00fdna <\/em>merki 'r\u00fdna til gagns' \u00fear sem <em>gagn<\/em> er haft \u00ed merkingunni 'not, nytsemi', eins og \u00ed l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0inu <em>gagnlegt<\/em>, sambandinu <em>gera gagn<\/em> o.fl.<\/p>\n<p>Elsta d\u00e6mi sem \u00e9g finn um sambandi\u00f0 <em>r\u00fdna til gagns<\/em> er \u00ed <em>\u00dej\u00f3\u00f0viljanum <\/em>1984, \u00ed grein sem er gagnr\u00fdni \u00e1 gagnr\u00fdni: \u201e\u00de\u00e1 er ekki r\u00fdnt til gagns, \u00fe\u00e1 er skrattanum skemmt.\u201c Mj\u00f6g oft er sambandi\u00f0 sk\u00fdrt. \u00cd <em>Helgarp\u00f3stinum <\/em>1988 segir: \u201eHlutverk gagnr\u00fdnenda er a\u00f0 r\u00fdna til gagns, sk\u00fdra og l\u00fdsa, ekki fleyta kerlingar \u00e1 yfirbor\u00f0i hlutanna.\u201c \u00cd <em>DV <\/em>1990 segir: \u201eGagnr\u00fdni \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir einfaldlega a\u00f0 r\u00fdna til gagns en ekki eitthva\u00f0 neikv\u00e6tt eins og \u00edslendingar halda yfirleitt.\u201c \u00cd <em>Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1992 segir: \u201eGagnr\u00fdni er g\u00f3\u00f0 ef h\u00fan er r\u00f6kstudd, sem sagt reynt a\u00f0 r\u00fdna til gagns, sj\u00e1 m\u00e1li\u00f0 fr\u00e1 \u00f6llum hli\u00f0um og t\u00edunda b\u00e6\u00f0i kosti \u00feess og galla.\u201c \u00cd <em>T\u00edmanum <\/em>1993 segir: \u201eH\u00fan \u00fearf a\u00f0 vera fagleg og menn ver\u00f0a a\u00f0 skilja or\u00f0i\u00f0 gagnr\u00fdni, \u201er\u00fdni til gagns\u201c.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e6gt v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 nefna mun fleiri svipu\u00f0 d\u00e6mi \u00fear sem beinl\u00ednis er teki\u00f0 fram a\u00f0 <em>gagnr\u00fdni <\/em>merki a\u00f0 'r\u00fdna til gagns' og \u00fea\u00f0 vir\u00f0ist n\u00fa vera nokku\u00f0 \u00fatbreidd sko\u00f0un mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 t\u00ed\u00f0ni sambandsins <em>r\u00fdna til gagns <\/em>\u00e1 \u00feessari \u00f6ld \u2013 um \u00fea\u00f0 eru um 150 d\u00e6mi \u00e1 <em>t\u00edmarit.is <\/em>og h\u00e1tt \u00ed 400 \u00ed <em>Risam\u00e1lheildinni<\/em>. Ekki eru \u00fe\u00f3 \u00f6ll \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed m\u00e1li \u2013 \u201eEkkert bendir til a\u00f0 \u00feegar hugsun einhvers er l\u00fdst sem gagnr\u00fdninni merki \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 vi\u00f0komandi \u201er\u00fdni til gagns\u201c, eins og vins\u00e6lt er a\u00f0 halda fram\u201c <a href=\"https:\/\/l.facebook.com\/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visindavefur.is%2Fsvar.php%3Fid%3D65785%26fbclid%3DIwAR1rZ0FafTQW9Kxm9U8Zg9nL29Ygac3onTzxG7rmo53psiB_ssOihl6UfMY&amp;h=AT2mURfozjCC6bRscoeRGTy7U2R7I8pJUST8h_SY-Px5FyAZuRNk6zcGzBNfK2VPYHw-inAlap3Ns9ejodSluqjelwXN877GwWD1p1ncfo_Rcp5f8Xm-qgMTnALVnyBdtA&amp;__tn__=-UK-R&amp;c%5b0%5d=AT3E6UqM3SMPRwK7xxg5Q1eFWWN4Ug9VJIUOfu0B7UzjVakZ4XX6br3OKnxcbuHMw2-CHoBNFFnoiJTpLsRof9qDlBQEaqdP5ykw4ifbawe-e_yis-v8-gDajrWgmebVXJXy8qCAilpO2v3vbZBILY3RwKVHPakUXbKFpJwmdezy4t7hM_5ks-KKrYicpRIarabyWb3DNOcBwcfe\">segir<\/a> t.d. \u00e1 <em>V\u00edsindavefnum<\/em>. Enda er \u00fea\u00f0 ekki upphafleg merking or\u00f0anna. \u00deau koma fyrst fram \u00ed\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/timarit.is\/page\/2322173?iabr=on#page\/n0\/mode\/1up\/\">greininni<\/a>\u00a0\u201eGagnr\u00fdni\u201c \u00ed <em>Eimrei\u00f0inni <\/em>1896 \u00fear sem segir: \u201eEitt af \u00fev\u00ed, sem einna tilfinnanlegastur skortur er \u00e1 \u00e1 \u00cdslandi, er \u00fea\u00f0 sem \u00e1 \u00fatlendu m\u00e1li kallast \u00bb<em>kr\u00edtik<\/em>\u00ab.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Greinarh\u00f6fundur, dr. Valt\u00fdr Gu\u00f0mundsson, heldur svo \u00e1fram: \u201e\u00dea\u00f0 kve\u00f0ur jafnvel svo rammt a\u00f0, a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 eigum einu sinni ekki neitt or\u00f0 yfir hugmyndina \u00ed m\u00e1linu. A\u00f0 \u00bb<em>kr\u00edt\u00edsera<\/em>\u00ab er eiginlega \u00fea\u00f0, a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta sjer ekki n\u00e6gja a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a hlutina eins og \u00feeir l\u00edta \u00fat \u00e1 yfirbor\u00f0inu, heldur leitast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 r\u00fdna \u00ed gegnum \u00fe\u00e1 og gagnsko\u00f0a, til \u00feess a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 hina innri eiginleika \u00feeirra, b\u00e6\u00f0i kosti og lesti. \u00dea\u00f0 er me\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum or\u00f0um a\u00f0 kafa \u00ed dj\u00fapi\u00f0 og s\u00e6kja b\u00e6\u00f0i gulli\u00f0 og sorann, greina \u00fea\u00f0 hvort fr\u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0ru og brei\u00f0a hvorttveggja \u00fat \u00ed dagsbirtunni, svo a\u00f0 allir, sem hafa ekki sj\u00e1lfir t\u00edma e\u00f0a t\u00e6kif\u00e6ri til a\u00f0 vera a\u00f0 kafa, geti sje\u00f0, hva\u00f0 er gull og hva\u00f0 er sori. \u00deetta vir\u00f0ist oss a\u00f0 m\u00e6tti kalla \u00e1 \u00edslenzku <em>gagnr\u00fdni <\/em>og <em>gagnr\u00fdninn<\/em> \u00feann mann, sem s\u00fdnt er um a\u00f0 <em>gagnr\u00fdna<\/em> hlutina.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>\u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 <em>gagn- <\/em>\u00ed <em>gagnr\u00fdna<\/em>, <em>gagnr\u00fdni <\/em>og <em>gagnr\u00fdninn<\/em> \u00e1tti upphaflega ekki a\u00f0 hafa s\u00f6mu merkingu og \u00ed <em>gagnlegt<\/em>, <em>til gagns<\/em> o.fl., heldur \u00fe\u00e1 merkingu sem \u00fea\u00f0 hefur \u00ed <em>gagns\u00e6r<\/em> \u2013 \u201er\u00fdna \u00ed gegnum \u00fe\u00e1 og gagnsko\u00f0a\u201c e\u00f0a 'segja kost og l\u00f6st (\u00e1 e-u)' eins og segir \u00ed <em>\u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em>. Neikv\u00e6\u00f0a merkingin, 'fella d\u00f3m tala um galla (e-s), finna a\u00f0 (e-u\/e-m)', vir\u00f0ist \u00fe\u00f3 flj\u00f3tlega hafa or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1berandi \u00ed merkingu or\u00f0sins. F\u00f3lki er vitanlega frj\u00e1lst a\u00f0 skilja or\u00f0 eins og \u00fev\u00ed s\u00fdnist, og \u00ed sj\u00e1lfu s\u00e9r er ekkert \u00f3e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 f\u00f3lk tengi <em>gagnr\u00fdna<\/em>, <em>gagnr\u00fdni <\/em>og <em>gagnr\u00fdninn <\/em>vi\u00f0 <em>gagnlegt<\/em>, <em>til gagns<\/em> o.\u00fe.h. frekar en <em>gagns\u00e6r<\/em>. \u00c9g er ekkert a\u00f0 amast vi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed \u2013 bara a\u00f0 benda \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 er ekki s\u00fa merking sem h\u00f6fundur or\u00f0anna lag\u00f0i \u00ed \u00feau.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S\u00f6gnin gagnr\u00fdna f\u00e6r tv\u00e6r sk\u00fdringar \u00ed \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k: 'segja kost og l\u00f6st (\u00e1 e-u)' og 'fella d\u00f3m tala um galla (e-s), finna a\u00f0 (e-u\/e-m)'. Nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 gagnr\u00fdni f\u00e6r einnig tv\u00e6r samb\u00e6rilegar sk\u00fdringar. \u00de\u00f3tt b\u00e1\u00f0ar merkingarnar s\u00e9u algengar er s\u00fa s\u00ed\u00f0arnefnda oftast meira \u00e1berandi eins og marka m\u00e1 af t\u00ed\u00f0ni sambanda eins og h\u00f6r\u00f0 e\u00f0a \u00f3v\u00e6gin gagnr\u00fdni, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5523","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5523","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5523"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5523\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7323,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5523\/revisions\/7323"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5523"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5523"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5523"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}