{"id":5561,"date":"2023-10-07T08:00:07","date_gmt":"2023-10-07T08:00:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=5561"},"modified":"2023-10-06T22:16:35","modified_gmt":"2023-10-06T22:16:35","slug":"breytingar-a-sagnbeygingu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2023\/10\/07\/breytingar-a-sagnbeygingu\/","title":{"rendered":"Breytingar \u00e1 sagnbeygingu"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cd g\u00e6r s\u00e1 \u00e9g hneykslast \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed M\u00e1lv\u00f6ndunar\u00fe\u00e6ttinum a\u00f0 \u00ed Krakkafr\u00e9ttum R\u00edkis\u00fatvarpsins <\/em>hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 sagt \u201eStarfsmenn d\u00fdragar\u00f0sins \u00fatbj\u00f3u \u00fdmsar kr\u00e6singar handa p\u00f6ndunum\u201c, og \u00ed fyrradag var \u00e1 sama vettvangi v\u00edsa\u00f0 \u00ed a\u00f0 \u00ed fr\u00e9ttum R\u00edkis\u00fatvarpsins <\/em>hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 sagt \u201eTveir jar\u00f0skj\u00e1lftar yfir \u00feremur a\u00f0 st\u00e6r\u00f0 skuku Reykjanesskaga \u00ed morgun\u201c. \u00dearna eru \u00fea\u00f0 myndirnar \u00fatbj\u00f3u <\/em>og skuku<\/em> sem veri\u00f0 er a\u00f0 gera athugasemdir vi\u00f0 \u2013 venjulegar og vi\u00f0urkenndar beygingarmyndir eru \u00fatbjuggu <\/em>og sk\u00f3ku <\/em>og s\u00fa mynd var reyndar mj\u00f6g flj\u00f3tlega sett \u00ed fr\u00e9ttina \u00ed sta\u00f0 skuku<\/em>. \u00de\u00f3tt engin \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a s\u00e9 til a\u00f0 \u00e6tla a\u00f0 myndirnar \u00fatbj\u00f3u <\/em>og skuku<\/em> s\u00e9u \u00fatbreiddar, og \u00fe\u00e6r hlj\u00f3ti (enn sem komi\u00f0 er) a\u00f0 teljast rangt m\u00e1l, er \u00f3maksins vert a\u00f0 velta \u00fev\u00ed fyrir s\u00e9r hvernig \u00fe\u00e6r koma til.<\/p>\n

Langflestar sagnir m\u00e1lsins eru veikar, mynda \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0 me\u00f0 s\u00e9rstakri endingu sem er \u00fdmist -\u00f0i<\/em>, -di<\/em> e\u00f0a -ti<\/em> eftir ger\u00f0 stofnsins (tala \u2013 tala\u00f0i<\/strong><\/em>, d\u00e6ma <\/em>\u2013 d\u00e6mdi<\/strong><\/em>, missa <\/em>\u2013 missti<\/strong><\/em>). En (\u00fat<\/em>)b\u00faa<\/em> og skaka<\/em> eru hins vegar sterkar sagnir, sem merkir a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r mynda \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0 me\u00f0 s\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0abreytingum, svok\u00f6llu\u00f0um hlj\u00f3\u00f0skiptum \u2013 oftast breytast reyndar einhver samhlj\u00f3\u00f0 l\u00edka. Sterkar sagnir eru ekki nema eitthva\u00f0 \u00e1 anna\u00f0 hundra\u00f0, sumar sjaldg\u00e6far en margar me\u00f0al algengustu sagna m\u00e1lsins, svo sem vera<\/em>, ganga<\/em>, koma<\/em>, fara<\/em>, geta<\/em> o.s.frv. T\u00ed\u00f0nin ver\u00f0ur \u00feeim til l\u00edfs \u2013 b\u00f6rn \u00e1 m\u00e1lt\u00f6kuskei\u00f0i heyra \u00fdmsar myndir \u00feeirra snemma og l\u00e6ra \u00fe\u00e6r. Sumar \u00feeirra eiga beyginguna sameiginlega me\u00f0 nokkrum \u00f6\u00f0rum sem au\u00f0veldar b\u00f6rnunum n\u00e1mi\u00f0, en a\u00f0rar eru einar \u00e1 b\u00e1ti.<\/p>\n

Vegna \u00f3regluleikans \u00feurfum vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 l\u00e6ra fleiri beygingarmyndir sterkra sagna en veikra. \u00cd veiku s\u00f6gnunum n\u00e6gir oftast a\u00f0 l\u00e6ra nafnh\u00e1ttinn og af honum er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 lei\u00f0a a\u00f0rar myndir me\u00f0 almennum reglum. \u00dea\u00f0 er alkunna a\u00f0 b\u00f6rn \u00e1 m\u00e1lt\u00f6kuskei\u00f0i beita i\u00f0ulega \u00feessum almennu reglum \u00e1 sterkar sagnir \u00e1\u00f0ur en \u00feau l\u00e6ra beygingu \u00feeirra \u2013 segja t.d. b\u00edtti <\/em>e\u00f0a b\u00edta\u00f0i <\/em>\u00ed sta\u00f0 beit<\/em>, gef\u00f0i <\/em>\u00ed sta\u00f0 gaf<\/em>, leika\u00f0i <\/em>\u00ed sta\u00f0 l\u00e9k<\/em>, hl\u00e6\u00f0i <\/em>\u00ed sta\u00f0 hl\u00f3<\/em>, takti <\/em>\u00ed sta\u00f0 t\u00f3k <\/em>o.s.frv. \u00deetta er fullkomlega e\u00f0lilegt stig \u00ed m\u00e1lt\u00f6kunni og \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0ulaust a\u00f0 gera s\u00e9r rellu \u00fat af \u00fev\u00ed \u2013 b\u00f6rnin l\u00e6ra hef\u00f0bundna beygingu \u00feessara sagna venjulega sm\u00e1tt og sm\u00e1tt \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 vera lei\u00f0r\u00e9tt. En st\u00f6ku sinnum getur \u00fe\u00f3 brug\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00fat af \u00fev\u00ed og \u00f3hef\u00f0bundnar en reglulega mynda\u00f0ar beygingarmyndir lifa\u00f0 \u00e1fram.<\/p>\n

\u00deannig hefur \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ntanlega orsakast a\u00f0 sumar sagnir sem voru sterkar \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li hafa or\u00f0i\u00f0 veikar \u2013 beygjast reglulega. S\u00f6gnin hj\u00e1lpa <\/em>var t.d. halp <\/em>\u00ed \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0 \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li en er n\u00fa hj\u00e1lpa\u00f0i<\/em>, bjarga <\/em>var barg <\/em>en er n\u00fa bjarga\u00f0i<\/em>, fela <\/em>var fal <\/em>en er n\u00fa faldi<\/em>, blanda <\/em>var blett <\/em>en er n\u00fa blanda\u00f0i<\/em>, bl\u00f3ta <\/em>var bl\u00e9t <\/em>en er n\u00fa bl\u00f3ta\u00f0i<\/em>. Sumar sagnir hafa fengi\u00f0 veika beygingu en s\u00fa sterka lifir enn, oft \u00ed annarri e\u00f0a \u00ferengri merkingu \u2013 snerta<\/a> <\/em>var snart <\/em>\u00ed \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0 en er n\u00fa l\u00edka snerti<\/em>, verpa<\/a> <\/em>var varp <\/em>en er n\u00fa l\u00edka verpti<\/em>, fl\u00e1<\/a> <\/em>var fl\u00f3 <\/em>en er n\u00fa l\u00edka fl\u00e1\u00f0i<\/em>. Sumar sagnir hafa lagt af sta\u00f0 \u00ed \u00e1tt til veikrar beygingar en eru ekki komnar alla lei\u00f0, eins og ala(st)<\/a><\/em> sem \u00e9g skrifa\u00f0i um n\u00fdlega sem er \u00f3l<\/em>(st<\/em>) \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0 en n\u00fa stundum aldi<\/em>(st<\/em>), og nema<\/a> <\/em>sem er venjulega nam<\/em> \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0 en numdi <\/em>breg\u00f0ur fyrir.<\/p>\n

\u00de\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0armyndir b\u00faa <\/em>\u00ed eint\u00f6lu byrja allar \u00e1 bj\u00f3- <\/em>en fleirt\u00f6lumyndirnar eru ger\u00f3l\u00edkar og byrja allar \u00e1 bjugg<\/em>- \u2013 a\u00f0eins fyrsta hlj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0, b<\/em>, er sameiginlegt. \u00dea\u00f0 er ekkert undarlegt a\u00f0 eintalan hafi \u00fearna \u00e1hrif \u00e1 fleirt\u00f6luna \u2013 elsta d\u00e6mi<\/a> um myndina bj\u00f3u<\/em> er fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed snemma \u00e1 19. \u00f6ld og \u00f6rf\u00e1 d\u00e6mi eru um hana \u00e1 t\u00edmarit.is<\/em>. J\u00f3n Helgason pr\u00f3fessor sag\u00f0i<\/a> \u00ed Fr\u00f3ni <\/em>1944: \u201eOg \u00feegar h\u00f6fu\u00f0sk\u00e1ld eins og Einar Benediktsson segir [\u2026] bj\u00f3u<\/em> fyrir bjuggu<\/em> (Langspili\u00f0), af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 r\u00edms er \u00fe\u00f6rf vi\u00f0 d\u00f3u<\/em>, \u00fe\u00e1 s\u00e9 \u00e9g ekki a\u00f0 h\u00f6f\u00f0 ver\u00f0i v\u00e6gari or\u00f0 en a\u00f0 h\u00e9r s\u00e9 fari\u00f0 langt \u00fat fyrir takm\u00f6rk hins leyfilega.\u201c Einar hef\u00f0i samt varla nota\u00f0 \u00feessa mynd nema hann hef\u00f0i \u00feekkt hana. \u00cd \u00a0Risam\u00e1lheildinni<\/em> eru 25 d\u00e6mi fr\u00e1 \u00feessari \u00f6ld um bj\u00f3u <\/em>og bj\u00f3um<\/em>, n\u00e6r \u00f6ll af samf\u00e9lagsmi\u00f0lum.<\/p>\n

Myndin skuku <\/em>er ekki heldur einsd\u00e6mi \u2013 um hana eru um 10 d\u00e6mi \u00e1 t\u00edmarit.is<\/em>, \u00fea\u00f0 elsta \u00ed T\u00edmanum <\/em>1989: \u201eAllhar\u00f0ir jar\u00f0skj\u00e1lftar skuku nor\u00f0urhluta K\u00edna \u00ed fyrrin\u00f3tt.\u201c G\u00edsli J\u00f3nsson vakti athygli<\/a> \u00e1 \u00feessari mynd \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu<\/em>: \u201eS\u00f6gnin a\u00f0 skaka<\/strong> beygist eins og taka<\/strong>: skaka<\/strong>-sk\u00f3k<\/strong>-sk\u00f3kum<\/strong>-skekinn<\/strong> (6. hlj\u00f3\u00f0skiptar\u00f6\u00f0). En heyra m\u00e1tti \u00e1 einni \u00fatvarpsst\u00f6\u00f0: \u201eJar\u00f0skj\u00e1lftarnir sem skuku Los Angeles...\u201c.\u201c \u00cd Risam\u00e1lheildinni<\/em> eru t\u00e6p 20 d\u00e6mi um skuku<\/em> og skukum<\/em>. S\u00f6gnin skaka <\/em>er ekki \u00fdkja algeng og \u00fev\u00ed ekki \u00f3v\u00e6nt a\u00f0 beyging hennar s\u00e9 \u00e1 reiki, en \u00fea\u00f0 liggur hins vegar ekki \u00ed augum uppi hvernig eigi a\u00f0 sk\u00fdra myndina skuku<\/em> \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 u<\/em> er ekki annars sta\u00f0ar \u00ed beygingunni. Hugsanlega eru \u00fearna \u00e1hrif fr\u00e1 u<\/em> \u00ed pers\u00f3nuendingum fleirt\u00f6lunnar \u2013 -um<\/em>, -u\u00f0<\/em>, -u<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cd g\u00e6r s\u00e1 \u00e9g hneykslast \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed M\u00e1lv\u00f6ndunar\u00fe\u00e6ttinum a\u00f0 \u00ed Krakkafr\u00e9ttum R\u00edkis\u00fatvarpsins hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 sagt \u201eStarfsmenn d\u00fdragar\u00f0sins \u00fatbj\u00f3u \u00fdmsar kr\u00e6singar handa p\u00f6ndunum\u201c, og \u00ed fyrradag var \u00e1 sama vettvangi v\u00edsa\u00f0 \u00ed a\u00f0 \u00ed fr\u00e9ttum R\u00edkis\u00fatvarpsins hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 sagt \u201eTveir jar\u00f0skj\u00e1lftar yfir \u00feremur a\u00f0 st\u00e6r\u00f0 skuku Reykjanesskaga \u00ed morgun\u201c. \u00dearna eru \u00fea\u00f0 myndirnar \u00fatbj\u00f3u og […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5561","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5561","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5561"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5561\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5563,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5561\/revisions\/5563"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5561"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5561"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5561"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}