{"id":5585,"date":"2023-10-14T12:06:13","date_gmt":"2023-10-14T12:06:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=5585"},"modified":"2023-10-14T12:54:06","modified_gmt":"2023-10-14T12:54:06","slug":"brast-hann-eda-honum-haefi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2023\/10\/14\/brast-hann-eda-honum-haefi\/","title":{"rendered":"Brast hann e\u00f0a honum h\u00e6fi?"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00fdlega var h\u00e9r v\u00edsa\u00f0 til<\/a> umr\u00e6\u00f0u um bla\u00f0afr\u00e9tt<\/a> \u00fear sem sag\u00f0i \u00ed myndatexta \u201eBjarni Benediktsson segir af s\u00e9r sem fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0herra eftir \u00e1lit umbo\u00f0smanns Al\u00feingis um a\u00f0 honum hafi brosti\u00f0 h\u00e6fi vi\u00f0 s\u00f6luna \u00e1 hlut r\u00edkisins\u201c og \u00ed fr\u00e9ttinni sj\u00e1lfri sag\u00f0i a\u00f0 Bjarni v\u00e6ri \u201emi\u00f0ur s\u00edn a\u00f0 hafa s\u00e9\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u a\u00f0 s\u00e9r hafi brosti\u00f0 h\u00e6fi \u00ed s\u00f6luferlinu.\u201c \u00deetta vildu sumir \u00fe\u00e1tttakendur \u00ed umr\u00e6\u00f0unni kalla d\u00e6miger\u00f0a \u201e\u00fe\u00e1gufallss\u00fdki\u201c, og \u00ed M\u00e1lfarsbankanum <\/em>segir<\/a> vissulega: \u201eS\u00f6gnin bresta <\/strong>getur veri\u00f0 \u00f3pers\u00f3nuleg og stendur \u00fe\u00e1 me\u00f0 henni frumlag \u00ed \u00feolfalli. Hana brestur kjark.<\/em>\u201c \u00c9g f\u00f3r a\u00f0 hugsa um \u00feetta aftur eftir fyrirspurn<\/strong><\/a> sem kom h\u00e9r \u00ed g\u00e6r og \u00feegar \u00e9g sko\u00f0a\u00f0i m\u00e1li\u00f0 komst \u00e9g a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00feetta er fjarri \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 vera svo einfalt a\u00f0 h\u00e6gt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 afgrei\u00f0a \u00fea\u00f0 sem \u201e\u00fe\u00e1gufallss\u00fdki\u201c.<\/p>\n

J\u00f3n G. Fri\u00f0j\u00f3nsson nefnir<\/a> fj\u00f6gur mismunandi fallamynstur frumlags og andlags \u00feegar s\u00f6gnin bresta <\/em>er notu\u00f0 me\u00f0 aukafallsfrumlagi. Tv\u00f6 \u00feeirra skipta m\u00e1li h\u00e9r: \u00feolfall + bresta <\/em>+ \u00feolfall<\/u>, eins og mig brestur \u00feekkingu<\/em>, og \u00fe\u00e1gufall + bresta <\/em>+ nefnifall<\/u>. Um \u00fea\u00f0 mynstur nefnir J\u00f3n d\u00e6mi \u00far fornu m\u00e1li: \u201een \u00fe\u00f3 brestur \u00feeim stundum v\u00edsd\u00f3murinn, \u00fe\u00e1 er \u00feeim liggur mest vi\u00f0\u201c \u00far G\u00f6ngu-Hr\u00f3lfs s\u00f6gu<\/em>, og<\/a> \u201e\u00f6ngvan t\u00edma brestur honum s\u00edn regla\u201c og<\/a> \u201etakandi \u00fea\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0 er \u00feeim haf\u00f0i aldrei brosti\u00f0\u201c \u00far Nikul\u00e1ss s\u00f6gu erkibiskups<\/em>, handriti fr\u00e1 1375-1400. J\u00f3n segir d\u00e6mi af \u00feessari ger\u00f0 \u201e\u00farelt enda eru sl\u00edk d\u00e6mi n\u00e1nast eing\u00f6ngu kunn \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li\u201c og b\u00e6tir vi\u00f0: \u201eR\u00e9tt er a\u00f0 taka \u00fea\u00f0 fram a\u00f0 d\u00e6mi af [\u00feessari] ger\u00f0 eru \u00f3skyld \u00fev\u00ed sem kalla\u00f0 er \u00fegf.-s\u00fdki e\u00f0a \u00fe\u00e1gufallshneig\u00f0.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u00dear er v\u00e6ntanlega v\u00edsa\u00f0 til d\u00e6ma eins og m\u00e9r brestur kjarkur <\/em>sem eru algeng \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li og hafa veri\u00f0 a.m.k. undanfarna \u00f6ld \u2013 \u201e\u00feeim brast vit og kjarkur til a\u00f0 grei\u00f0a atkv\u00e6\u00f0i me\u00f0 vantraustsyfirl\u00fdsingu Sigur\u00f0ar prests Stef\u00e1nssonar\u201c segir t.d. \u00ed \u00cdslendingi <\/em>1918 og \u00ed \u00cdslensk-danskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>fr\u00e1 1920-1924 er teki\u00f0 d\u00e6mi\u00f0<\/a> \u201ee-n (sj. e-m) brestur e-\u00f0<\/em>\u201c. H\u00e9r stendur \u201esj.\u201c fyrir \u201esj\u00e6ldent\u201c sem s\u00fdnir a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1gufalli\u00f0 hefur veri\u00f0 \u00feekkt, og er gefi\u00f0 athugasemdalaust. J\u00f3n \u00fatsk\u00fdrir ekki hvers vegna hann segir sl\u00edk d\u00e6mi \u00f3skyld fornm\u00e1lsd\u00e6mum me\u00f0 sama fallamynstur en \u00fea\u00f0 er tr\u00falega vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 hann telur merkinguna ekki \u00fe\u00e1 s\u00f6mu. \u00cd fornm\u00e1lsd\u00e6munum er merkingin<\/a> 'breg\u00f0ast, sv\u00edkja' e\u00f0a eitthva\u00f0 sl\u00edkt en \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li oftast<\/a> \u201a'vanta (e-\u00f0), skorta (e-\u00f0)'.<\/p>\n

Vitanlega er \u00fea\u00f0 algengt a\u00f0 mismunandi merkingartilbrig\u00f0um sagna fylgi mismunandi f\u00f6ll. \u00deannig tekur<\/a> bresta <\/em>t.d. nefnifallsfrumlag \u00ed merkingunni 'brotna, slitna, gefa sig'. En \u00ed \u00feessu tilviki er munurinn \u00e1 'vanta, skorta' og 'breg\u00f0ast, sv\u00edkja' oft \u00f3lj\u00f3s. Hva\u00f0 merkir t.d. a\u00f0 bresta minni<\/em>? \u00cd Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2001 segir: \u201eFram kom einnig \u00ed m\u00e1li sumra stj\u00f3rnarmanna a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 brast minni var\u00f0andi einstaka \u00fe\u00e6tti m\u00e1lsins\u201c og \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2003 segir: \u201eOft var \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00feegar m\u00e9r brast minni ef rifja \u00feurfti upp gamalt v\u00edsubrot.\u201c Merkir \u00feetta a\u00f0 minni\u00f0 hafi skort e\u00f0a \u00fea\u00f0 hafi brug\u00f0ist \u00e1 \u00f6gurstundu? \u00cd fyrra tilvikinu v\u00e6ri e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 segja mig brast minni <\/em>samkv\u00e6mt framans\u00f6g\u00f0u, en \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed seinna v\u00e6ri m\u00e9r brast minni<\/em> e\u00f0lilegt \u2013 og alls engin \u201e\u00fe\u00e1gufallss\u00fdki\u201c.<\/p>\n

Or\u00f0i\u00f0 kjarkur<\/em> er s\u00e9rlega \u00e1hugavert \u00ed \u00feessu sambandi vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 fallmyndir \u00feess eru \u00f3l\u00edkar. \u00deegar \u00fea\u00f0 f\u00e6r \u00fe\u00e1gufallsfrumlag kemur andlagi\u00f0 nefnilega oftast fram \u00ed nefnifalli \u00ed sta\u00f0 \u00feolfalls. \u00deetta m\u00e1 sj\u00e1 \u00e1 tveimur d\u00e6mum \u00far Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2003: \u201estj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lamenn brestur kjarkinn og \u00feora ekki a\u00f0 framfylgja settum l\u00f6gum og reglum\u201c og \u201em\u00f6nnum bresti kjarkurinn til a\u00f0 afmarka raunveruleg vi\u00f0fangsefni\u201c. \u00cd fyrra d\u00e6minu er \u00feolfall + bresta <\/em>+ \u00feolfall<\/u>, \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed seinna \u00fe\u00e1gufall + bresta <\/em>+ nefnifall. Hli\u00f0st\u00e6tt gerist aldrei me\u00f0 s\u00f6gnina vanta <\/em>sem einnig hefur mynstri\u00f0 \u00feolfall + vanta <\/em>+ \u00feolfall<\/u> \u2013 vi\u00f0 f\u00e1um aldrei *m\u00e9r vantar matur<\/em> e\u00f0a neitt sl\u00edkt. \u00deetta bendir til \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00ed bresta <\/em>s\u00e9 um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a f\u00e6rslu \u00far einu fallamynstri \u00ed anna\u00f0, frekar en \u201e\u00fe\u00e1gufallss\u00fdki\u201c.<\/p>\n

Vissulega er ekki \u00f3tr\u00falegt a\u00f0 hin al\u00feekkta \u00fe\u00e1gufallshneig\u00f0 sem kemur fram me\u00f0 \u00fdmsum s\u00f6gnum eins og vanta<\/em>, langa<\/em>, dreyma<\/em>, hlakka til<\/em> o.fl. hafi \u00fearna einhver \u00e1hrif og \u00fdti undir notkun \u00fe\u00e1gufalls me\u00f0 bresta<\/em>, enda kemur fyrir a\u00f0 frumlagsfall eitt breytist, ekki andlagsfall \u2013 \u00e1 Eyjunni <\/em>2012 segir a\u00f0 \u201e\u00deorvaldi hafi brosti\u00f0 kjark\u201c. En \u00fea\u00f0 breytir \u00fev\u00ed ekki a\u00f0 mynstri\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1gufall + bresta <\/em>+ nefnifall<\/u> er gamalt \u00ed m\u00e1linu og fullkomlega e\u00f0lilegt fr\u00e1 merkingarlegu sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0i \u00feegar um er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a eitthva\u00f0 sem getur brug\u00f0ist vi\u00f0 tilteknar a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur, svo sem minni<\/em>, \u00feor<\/em>, kjarkur<\/em> o.fl. Svo m\u00e1 velta fyrir s\u00e9r hver merkingin s\u00e9 \u00ed d\u00e6munum sem vitna\u00f0 var til \u00ed upphafi \u2013 hva\u00f0 merkir \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 bresta h\u00e6fi<\/em>? Merkir \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 h\u00e6fi\u00f0 skorti, e\u00f0a \u00fea\u00f0 hafi brug\u00f0ist \u00ed tilteknu m\u00e1li?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u00fdlega var h\u00e9r v\u00edsa\u00f0 til umr\u00e6\u00f0u um bla\u00f0afr\u00e9tt \u00fear sem sag\u00f0i \u00ed myndatexta \u201eBjarni Benediktsson segir af s\u00e9r sem fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0herra eftir \u00e1lit umbo\u00f0smanns Al\u00feingis um a\u00f0 honum hafi brosti\u00f0 h\u00e6fi vi\u00f0 s\u00f6luna \u00e1 hlut r\u00edkisins\u201c og \u00ed fr\u00e9ttinni sj\u00e1lfri sag\u00f0i a\u00f0 Bjarni v\u00e6ri \u201emi\u00f0ur s\u00edn a\u00f0 hafa s\u00e9\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u a\u00f0 s\u00e9r hafi brosti\u00f0 h\u00e6fi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5585","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5585","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5585"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5585\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5588,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5585\/revisions\/5588"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5585"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5585"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5585"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}