{"id":5640,"date":"2023-10-27T08:00:16","date_gmt":"2023-10-27T08:00:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=5640"},"modified":"2023-10-26T17:29:43","modified_gmt":"2023-10-26T17:29:43","slug":"bolvad-gagnsaeid","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2023\/10\/27\/bolvad-gagnsaeid\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00f6lva\u00f0 gagns\u00e6i\u00f0"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201eHinga\u00f0 til hefur \u00fea\u00f0 veri\u00f0 talin ein h\u00f6fu\u00f0pr\u00fd\u00f0i og meginkostur \u00edslenzkrar tungu, hve gagns\u00e6 or\u00f0in eru\u201c sag\u00f0i<\/a> G\u00edsli Magn\u00fasson \u00ed Samvinnunni <\/em>1971. Sigur\u00f0ur L\u00edndal sag\u00f0i<\/a> \u00ed M\u00e1lfregnum <\/em>1988: \u201e[O]r\u00f0 af innlendum uppruna eru einatt gagns\u00e6, \u00feannig a\u00f0 hver ma\u00f0ur, sem m\u00e1li\u00f0 kann, getur skili\u00f0 \u00feau.\u201c Sigur\u00f0ur Kristinsson sag\u00f0i<\/a> \u00ed Sk\u00edrni <\/em>2001: \u201e[\u00cd]slenskan hefur \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9rkenni sem oftast er kostur a\u00f0 vera gagns\u00e6. Fl\u00f3kin hugt\u00f6k m\u00e1 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0a \u00e1 \u00edslensku me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 setja saman or\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00feann h\u00e1tt a\u00f0 merking hugtaksins blasir vi\u00f0 \u00feeim sem heyrir \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 minnst \u00ed fyrsta skipti.\u201c \u00c1g\u00fasta \u00deorbergsd\u00f3ttir er varf\u00e6rnari<\/a>: \u201eMe\u00f0 gagns\u00e6i er \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 s\u00e9 l\u00fdsandi og h\u00e6gt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 lesa \u00fat \u00far or\u00f0inu merkingu \u00feess e\u00f0a a.m.k. v\u00edsbendingu um merkingu \u00feess\u201c, Or\u00f0 og tunga <\/em>2020.<\/p>\n

\u00c9g held a\u00f0 gagns\u00e6i\u00f0 s\u00e9 st\u00f3rlega ofmeti\u00f0. Vissulega getur veri\u00f0 hj\u00e1lp \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 geta tengt n\u00fd or\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00f6nnur kunnugleg, en s\u00fa tenging dugir \u00fe\u00f3 sjaldnast til a\u00f0 sk\u00fdra n\u00fdju or\u00f0in til fulls \u2013 yfirleitt \u00feurfum vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 l\u00e6ra hvernig tengingunni er h\u00e1tta\u00f0. Gott d\u00e6mi er or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00fatih\u00fas<\/em> sem vi\u00f0 getum tengt vi\u00f0 atviksor\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00fati <\/em>og nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 h\u00fas<\/em>, en dugir \u00fea\u00f0? Vi\u00f0 getum giska\u00f0 \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00feetta s\u00e9 einhvers konar h\u00fas<\/em>, en \u00fati <\/em>segir ekki miki\u00f0 \u2013 \u00f6ll h\u00fas eru \u00fati <\/em>\u00ed einhverjum skilningi. Vi\u00f0 \u00feurfum a\u00f0 l\u00e6ra s\u00e9rstaklega a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 merkir<\/a> '\u00f6nnur h\u00fas en \u00edb\u00fa\u00f0arh\u00fas \u00e1 sveitab\u00e6, t.d. fj\u00f3s og fj\u00e1rh\u00fas' \u2013 ekkert \u00ed or\u00f0inu sj\u00e1lfu gefur v\u00edsbendingu um \u00fe\u00e1 merkingu. Og gleraugnah\u00fas<\/em> er ekki einu sinn h\u00fas <\/em>\u2013 n\u00e6rt\u00e6kast v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 giska \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 merkti 'gleraugnaverslun' enda hefur \u00fea\u00f0 veri\u00f0 nota\u00f0<\/a> \u00feannig.<\/p>\n

Oft er l\u00edka teygt ansi miki\u00f0 \u00e1 gagns\u00e6inu. Berglj\u00f3t S. Kristj\u00e1nsd\u00f3ttir segir<\/a> \u00ed Ritinu <\/em>2011: \u201eEn af \u00fev\u00ed hve \u00edslensk or\u00f0 eru gjarna gagns\u00e6 m\u00e6tti l\u00edka taka mi\u00f0 af a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 hry\u00f0juverkama\u00f0ur<\/em> er stofnskylt s\u00f6gninni \u201ehrj\u00f3\u00f0a\u201c sem merkir ,a\u00f0 ry\u00f0ja burt\u2018 \u2013 og tengja \u00fea\u00f0 samt\u00edmahugmyndum um hry\u00f0juverkamenn og sprengjur.\u201c \u00c9g st\u00f3refa a\u00f0 almennir m\u00e1lnotendur \u00e1tti sig \u00e1 \u00feessari tengingu vi\u00f0 hina sjaldg\u00e6fu s\u00f6gn hrj\u00f3\u00f0a<\/em>. \u00cd Lesb\u00f3k Morgunbla\u00f0sins <\/em>1999 segir<\/a> Ei\u00f0ur Gu\u00f0nason: \u201e\u00deota og \u00feyrla eru nokku\u00f0 gagns\u00e6 or\u00f0 og fela a\u00f0 auki \u00ed s\u00e9r hlj\u00f3\u00f0l\u00edkingu.\u201c \u00de\u00f3tt \u00feota <\/em>og \u00feyrla<\/em> s\u00e9u fr\u00e1b\u00e6r or\u00f0 og eigi vel vi\u00f0 \u00feau fyrirb\u00e6ri sem \u00feau l\u00fdsa g\u00e6tu \u00feau l\u00edka v\u00edsa\u00f0 til fj\u00f6lmargra annarra og ger\u00f3l\u00edkra fyrirb\u00e6ra \u2013 og gera \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed samsetningum, s.s. snj\u00f3\u00feota<\/em>, sl\u00e1ttu\u00feyrla<\/em> o.fl.<\/p>\n

\u00cd \u00e1\u00f0urnefndri grein Sigur\u00f0ar Kristinssonar vi\u00f0urkennir<\/a> hann a\u00f0 vissulega geti \u201egagns\u00e6i \u00edslenskunnar veri\u00f0 galli ef hin gagns\u00e6ja merking gefur villandi hugmynd um fyrirb\u00e6ri\u00f0 sem v\u00edsa\u00f0 er til\u201c. \u00deessi galli kom mj\u00f6g greinilega \u00ed lj\u00f3s \u00ed n\u00fdlegri umr\u00e6\u00f0u<\/a> um or\u00f0i\u00f0 fe\u00f0raveldi<\/em> sem sumum fannst villandi og tengjast fe\u00f0rum <\/em>\u00e1 \u00f3heppilegan h\u00e1tt. Sl\u00edkar tengingar trufla f\u00f3lk oft me\u00f0an or\u00f0 eru n\u00fdleg e\u00f0a ekki mj\u00f6g \u00feekkt, en svo er eins og m\u00f6rg algeng or\u00f0, einkum \u00feau sem tengjast engum vi\u00f0kv\u00e6mum m\u00e1lum e\u00f0a tilfinningum, h\u00e6tti me\u00f0 t\u00edmanum a\u00f0 vekja sl\u00edk hugrenningatengsl. Al\u00feekkt d\u00e6mi<\/a> er eldh\u00fas <\/em>sem vi\u00f0 tengjum sjaldnast vi\u00f0 eld<\/em> og h\u00fas<\/em> jafnvel \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00feeir or\u00f0hlutar s\u00e9u auglj\u00f3sir \u00ed samsetningunni \u2013 or\u00f0i\u00f0 lifir sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0u l\u00edfi \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0 upprunanum.<\/p>\n

J\u00f3n Hilmar J\u00f3nsson nefnir<\/a> annan galla \u00ed M\u00e1lfregnum <\/em>1988: \u201e\u00dea\u00f0 er og einkenni gagns\u00e6rra samsetninga og kann a\u00f0 \u00feykja \u00f3kostur a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r hneigjast til a\u00f0 marka s\u00e9r \u00ferengra merkingarsvi\u00f0 en \u00feau or\u00f0 hafa sem \u00fe\u00e6r standast \u00e1 vi\u00f0. \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed sambandi m\u00e1 nefna erlenda or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u201evideo<\/em>\u201c sem bundi\u00f0 er v\u00ed\u00f0u merkingarsvi\u00f0i. \u00cdslenska or\u00f0i\u00f0 myndband<\/em> og samsetningar af \u00fev\u00ed hafa hvert um sig miklu \u00ferengri v\u00edsun og merkingu.\u201c Reyndar er myndband <\/em>d\u00e6mi um or\u00f0 sem hefur sliti\u00f0 sig fr\u00e1 uppruna s\u00ednum \u00e1 \u00feeim 35 \u00e1rum sem li\u00f0in eru. \u00cd \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>er or\u00f0i\u00f0 sk\u00fdrt<\/a> b\u00e6\u00f0i 'segulband sem geymir mynd og hlj\u00f3\u00f0, myndbandssp\u00f3la' og 'stutt kvikmynd e\u00f0a myndskei\u00f0, einkum \u00ed tengslum vi\u00f0 poppt\u00f3nlist'. Merkingin hefur \u00fer\u00f3ast me\u00f0 merkingarmi\u00f0inu.<\/p>\n

\u00c9g held sem s\u00e9 a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3tt gagns\u00e6i\u00f0 geti vissulega haft kosti s\u00e9u \u00f3kostirnir s\u00edst minni. \u00deess vegna er oft heppilegra a\u00f0 taka upp erlend or\u00f0 og laga \u00feau a\u00f0 hlj\u00f3\u00f0kerfi og beygingakerfi \u00edslenskunnar en leggja ofur\u00e1herslu \u00e1 a\u00f0 n\u00fd or\u00f0 eigi s\u00e9r \u00edslenska \u00e6ttingja \u2013 s\u00e9u \u201egagns\u00e6\u201c. \u00de\u00f3rarinn Eldj\u00e1rn t\u00f3k go\u00f0s\u00f6gnina um gagns\u00e6i \u00edslenskunnar \u00e1g\u00e6tlega fyrir \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2015 og sag\u00f0i<\/a>: \u201eEkkert or\u00f0 er gagns\u00e6tt nema \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 samsett \u00far \u00f6\u00f0rum or\u00f0um e\u00f0a leitt af \u00f6\u00f0ru or\u00f0i. Ef samsetningarnar eru leystar upp e\u00f0a frumor\u00f0i\u00f0 fundi\u00f0 endum vi\u00f0 alltaf \u00e1 or\u00f0um sem eru ekkert frekar gagns\u00e6 \u00ed \u00edslensku en \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0rum m\u00e1lum.\u201c Hann m\u00e6lti me\u00f0 t\u00f6kuor\u00f0um og sag\u00f0i: \u201eHvorugkynsn\u00fdyr\u00f0i\u00f0 app, fleirtala \u00f6pp, er [\u2026] mun betra or\u00f0 en hi\u00f0 \u201egagns\u00e6ja\u201c sm\u00e1forrit.\u201c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201eHinga\u00f0 til hefur \u00fea\u00f0 veri\u00f0 talin ein h\u00f6fu\u00f0pr\u00fd\u00f0i og meginkostur \u00edslenzkrar tungu, hve gagns\u00e6 or\u00f0in eru\u201c sag\u00f0i G\u00edsli Magn\u00fasson \u00ed Samvinnunni 1971. Sigur\u00f0ur L\u00edndal sag\u00f0i \u00ed M\u00e1lfregnum 1988: \u201e[O]r\u00f0 af innlendum uppruna eru einatt gagns\u00e6, \u00feannig a\u00f0 hver ma\u00f0ur, sem m\u00e1li\u00f0 kann, getur skili\u00f0 \u00feau.\u201c Sigur\u00f0ur Kristinsson sag\u00f0i \u00ed Sk\u00edrni 2001: \u201e[\u00cd]slenskan hefur \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9rkenni […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5640","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5640","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5640"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5640\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5641,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5640\/revisions\/5641"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5640"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5640"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5640"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}