{"id":5653,"date":"2023-11-01T20:28:33","date_gmt":"2023-11-01T20:28:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=5653"},"modified":"2024-01-11T18:23:50","modified_gmt":"2024-01-11T18:23:50","slug":"hvad-vard-um-sognina-sima","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2023\/11\/01\/hvad-vard-um-sognina-sima\/","title":{"rendered":"Hva\u00f0 var\u00f0 um s\u00f6gnina s\u00edma?"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u00f6gnin s\u00edma <\/em>er leidd af nafnor\u00f0inu s\u00edmi <\/em>og jafng\u00f6mul \u2013 b\u00e6\u00f0i or\u00f0in birtust fyrst \u00e1 prenti \u00ed N\u00fdrri danskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k me\u00f0 \u00edslenzkum \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingum <\/em>\u00e1ri\u00f0 1896. \u00dear er a\u00f0 finna flettior\u00f0in<\/a> Telefonere <\/em>sem er sk\u00fdrt 'tals\u00edma (tala \u00ed \u2013 senda skeyti me\u00f0 \u2013 [\u2026] tals\u00edma)' og Telegrafere <\/em>sem er sk\u00fdrt 'rits\u00edma (senda rits\u00edmaskeyti [\u2026])'. S\u00f6gnin komst flj\u00f3tlega \u00ed notkun \u2013 elsta d\u00e6mi sem \u00e9g finn er \u00ed Bjarka <\/em>1899: \u201eUm \u00f6ll l\u00f6nd er n\u00fa fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 skrifa og s\u00edma (telegrafera) um verksynjunina \u00ed Danm\u00f6rku.\u201c \u00cd Bjarka <\/em>1900 segir: \u201eLondonarbla\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00bbLloyd's weekly\u00ab segir a\u00f0 Kaupmannahafnarbla\u00f0i einu hafi veri\u00f0 s\u00edmu\u00f0 fr\u00e1 Vard\u00f6 \u00feessi or\u00f0 \u00e1 Finsku: \u00bbAndr\u00e9e er frelsa\u00f0ur\u00ab. \u00cd Nor\u00f0urlandi <\/em>1902 segir: \u201eHann hefir s\u00edma\u00f0 til m\u00edn og spurt mig, hvort eg geti sent s\u00e9r mann \u00ed miklu snatri.\u201c<\/p>\n

S\u00f6gnin var\u00f0 br\u00e1tt mj\u00f6g algeng, einkum \u00feolmyndin er s\u00edma\u00f0<\/em> sem var notu\u00f0 um fr\u00e9ttaskeyti: \u201eFr\u00e1 Berl\u00edn er s\u00edma\u00f0, a\u00f0 n\u00fdir erfi\u00f0leikar s\u00e9u komnir um fri\u00f0arsamningana\u201c segir t.d. \u00ed Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ubla\u00f0inu <\/em>1920. \u00deessi notkun sagnarinnar var\u00f0 g\u00edfurlega algeng \u00e1 \u00feri\u00f0ja \u00e1ratugnum en eftir \u00fea\u00f0 f\u00f3r a\u00f0 draga \u00far henni. Notkun sagnarinnar \u00ed germynd var aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti mikil fram um 1960 en minnka\u00f0i mj\u00f6g \u00f6rt eftir \u00fea\u00f0, og um 1980 var notkunin b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed germynd og \u00feolmynd or\u00f0in mj\u00f6g l\u00edtil. D\u00e6mi um s\u00f6gnina fr\u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1rum \u00e1 t\u00edmarit.is <\/em>eru s\u00e1raf\u00e1, og flest \u00far eldri textum. \u00cd \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>er s\u00f6gnin s\u00f6g\u00f0 \u201egamaldags\u201c. \u00cd lj\u00f3si \u00feess a\u00f0 nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 s\u00edmi <\/em>er enn g\u00edfurlega algengt er merkilegt a\u00f0 samstofna s\u00f6gn skuli n\u00e6r horfin \u00far m\u00e1linu.<\/p>\n

\u00cd \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>er s\u00edma <\/em>sk\u00fdr\u00f0 'hringja, tala vi\u00f0 e-n \u00ed s\u00edma' og 'senda skeyti \u00ed s\u00edma' og \u00ed \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>er h\u00fan sk\u00fdr\u00f0<\/a> 'hringja (og tala) \u00ed s\u00edma'. En \u00fearna kemur ekki fram a\u00f0 s\u00edma <\/em>hagar s\u00e9r setningafr\u00e6\u00f0ilega allt \u00f6\u00f0ruv\u00edsi en b\u00e6\u00f0i hringja <\/em>og tala <\/em>\u2013 getur teki\u00f0 tv\u00f6 andl\u00f6g eins og t.d. senda<\/em>. \u00cd Dagbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1906 segir: \u201eKonungur vor s\u00edma\u00f0i r\u00e1\u00f0herranum \u00e1 Laugardaginn \u00feessa or\u00f0sendingu.\u201c \u00cd eldri d\u00e6mum af \u00feessu tagi er oftast um s\u00edmskeyti a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a, en \u00ed yngri d\u00e6mum v\u00e6ntanlega yfirleitt s\u00edmt\u00f6l. \u00cd Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1951 segir: \u201eFrjettaritari Mbl. \u00ed Vestmannaeyjum s\u00edma\u00f0i bla\u00f0inu \u00ed g\u00e6rkv\u00f6ldi \u00feessar frjettir.\u201c \u00cd Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1966 segir: \u201eFr\u00e9ttaritari Mbl. \u00ed M\u00fdrdalnum s\u00edma\u00f0i okkur fr\u00e9ttina sem h\u00e9r fer \u00e1 eftir.\u201c<\/p>\n

Oftast er andlagi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0eins eitt. Stundum er \u00fea\u00f0 seinna (beina) andlagi\u00f0, \u00fea\u00f0 sem v\u00edsar til \u00feess efnis sem s\u00edma\u00f0 er. Vi\u00f0takandinn er \u00fe\u00e1 oft haf\u00f0ur \u00ed forsetningarli\u00f0, eins og \u201eFr\u00e9ttaritarinn s\u00edma\u00f0i fr\u00e9ttina til bla\u00f0sins\u201c \u00ed Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ubla\u00f0inu <\/em>1947. A\u00f0 \u00feessu leyti hagar s\u00edma <\/em>s\u00e9r eins og senda<\/em>. En einnig er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 hafa a\u00f0eins fyrra (\u00f3beina) andlagi\u00f0, \u00fea\u00f0 sem v\u00edsar til vi\u00f0takandans, eins og \u201eFr\u00e9ttaritari Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ubla\u00f0sins \u00e1 Sau\u00f0\u00e1rkr\u00f3ki s\u00edma\u00f0i bla\u00f0inu \u00ed g\u00e6rkveldi \u00e1 \u00feessa lei\u00f0\u201c \u00ed Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ubla\u00f0inu <\/em>1942, e\u00f0a forsetningarli\u00f0 \u00ed sta\u00f0inn, eins og \u201eIsobel kemur aftur \u00ed kv\u00f6ld \u2013 eg s\u00edma\u00f0i til hennar\u201c \u00ed V\u00edsi <\/em>1937. \u00deannig er ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 nota senda<\/em>. Einnig er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 nota s\u00edma <\/em>\u00e1n andlags e\u00f0a forsetningarli\u00f0ar \u2013 \u201ehann s\u00edma\u00f0i, a\u00f0 eg skyldi ekki koma\u201c \u00ed \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0viljanum <\/em>1911.<\/p>\n

Undanhald sagnarinnar s\u00edma <\/em>vir\u00f0ist hafa hafist \u00e1 sj\u00f6tta \u00e1ratugnum og veri\u00f0 hratt \u00e1 \u00feeim sj\u00f6unda. \u00cd Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1958 segir<\/a> Gu\u00f0mundur \u00c1g\u00fastsson: \u201eH\u00e9r er anna\u00f0 stutt og gott or\u00f0, sem m\u00e9r er s\u00e1rt um a\u00f0 missa, en \u00fea\u00f0 er s\u00edma-heiti\u00f0, sem vi\u00f0 megum vara okkur \u00e1 a\u00f0 missa ekki sem sagnor\u00f0. [\u2026] [B]reytingin kemur sm\u00e1m saman, \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed s\u00e9 gaumur gefinn, en sl\u00edkar breytingar eru einmitt varasamastar \u2013 og \u00feannig breytist tungan. M\u00e9r vir\u00f0ist nefnilega fleiri og fleiri vera a\u00f0 h\u00e6tta a\u00f0 tala um a\u00f0 s\u00edma \u2013 til kunningjans, e\u00f0a \u00ed b\u00fa\u00f0ina \u2013 heldur bara hringja til hans, en h\u00e9r er \u00fe\u00f3 meiningamunur, sem engin \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a er til a\u00f0 rugla saman. V\u00edst \u00fearf a\u00f0 byrja \u00e1 a\u00f0 hringja \u00e1\u00f0ur, en s\u00edma\u00f0 er til einhvers, en vissulega er s\u00edmtali\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0alatri\u00f0i\u00f0 [\u2026].\u201c<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 engin ein s\u00f6gn getur komi\u00f0 \u00ed sta\u00f0 s\u00edma<\/em> nema \u00ed einst\u00f6ku tilvikum, eins og \u201eHann s\u00edma\u00f0i a\u00f0 minnsta kosti einu sinni \u00e1 dag\u201c \u00ed F\u00e1lkanum<\/em> 1955, \u00fear sem h\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 setja hringja <\/em>\u00ed sta\u00f0inn. En \u00ed d\u00e6mum eins og \u201eKolur s\u00edma\u00f0i m\u00e9r a\u00f0 \u00fei\u00f0 v\u00e6ru\u00f0 \u00e1 lei\u00f0inni\u201c \u00ed \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0viljanum <\/em>1938 er hvorki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 nota hringja <\/em>n\u00e9 tala <\/em>\u00ed sta\u00f0 s\u00edma<\/em>, heldur ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 segja Kolur hringdi \u00ed mig og sag\u00f0i a\u00f0 \u00fei\u00f0 v\u00e6ru\u00f0 \u00e1 lei\u00f0inni<\/em> \u2013 e\u00f0a Kolur sendi m\u00e9r skeyti um a\u00f0 \u00fei\u00f0 v\u00e6ru\u00f0 \u00e1 lei\u00f0inni<\/em>. \u00cd d\u00e6mum eins og \u201eFr\u00e9ttaritari \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0viljans \u00ed M\u00fdvatnssveit, Starri \u00ed Gar\u00f0i, s\u00edma\u00f0i bla\u00f0inu \u00feessa fr\u00e9tt \u00ed g\u00e6r\u201c \u00ed \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0viljanum <\/em>1970 ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 segja Fr\u00e9ttaritari \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0viljans hringdi \u00ed bla\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed g\u00e6r og sag\u00f0i \u00feessa fr\u00e9tt<\/em> e\u00f0a til a\u00f0 segja \u00feessa fr\u00e9tt <\/em>e\u00f0a eitthva\u00f0 sl\u00edkt.<\/p>\n

Hvernig stendur \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 svona lipur og \u00fe\u00e6gileg s\u00f6gn hvarf n\u00e1nast \u00far m\u00e1linu \u00e1 tveimur \u00e1ratugum \u00e1 seinni hluta s\u00ed\u00f0ustu aldar, \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 s\u00edmanotkun hafi margfaldast? \u00c9g get ekkert fullyrt um \u00fea\u00f0 en h\u00e9r er hugmynd: S\u00f6gnin s\u00edma <\/em>felur ekki bara \u00ed s\u00e9r a\u00f0 hringja og tala, heldur er veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 flytja einhver bo\u00f0 \u2013 a\u00f0 s\u00edma<\/em> hefur tilgang. Hrun \u00ed notkun sagnarinnar s\u00edma <\/em>fer saman vi\u00f0 aukningu og breytingu \u00e1 s\u00edmanotkun. \u00c1\u00f0ur \u00e1ttu f\u00e6rri s\u00edma, s\u00edmt\u00f6l voru d\u00fdrari, og h\u00f6f\u00f0u \u00fev\u00ed oftast tilgang. En me\u00f0 almennari s\u00edmaeign og \u00f3d\u00fdrari s\u00edmt\u00f6lum breyttist \u00feetta og f\u00f3lk f\u00f3r a\u00f0 hringjast \u00e1 \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 samtali\u00f0 hef\u00f0i s\u00e9rstakan tilgang \u2013 og \u00fe\u00e1 \u00e1tti s\u00f6gnin s\u00edma <\/em>ekki lengur vi\u00f0. Au\u00f0vita\u00f0 er \u00feetta gr\u00f3f alh\u00e6fing en \u00fea\u00f0 m\u00e1 miki\u00f0 vera ef ekki er eitthva\u00f0 til \u00ed \u00feessu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u00f6gnin s\u00edma er leidd af nafnor\u00f0inu s\u00edmi og jafng\u00f6mul \u2013 b\u00e6\u00f0i or\u00f0in birtust fyrst \u00e1 prenti \u00ed N\u00fdrri danskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k me\u00f0 \u00edslenzkum \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingum \u00e1ri\u00f0 1896. \u00dear er a\u00f0 finna flettior\u00f0in Telefonere sem er sk\u00fdrt 'tals\u00edma (tala \u00ed \u2013 senda skeyti me\u00f0 \u2013 [\u2026] tals\u00edma)' og Telegrafere sem er sk\u00fdrt 'rits\u00edma (senda rits\u00edmaskeyti [\u2026])'. S\u00f6gnin komst […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5653","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5653","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5653"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5653\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5966,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5653\/revisions\/5966"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5653"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5653"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5653"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}