{"id":5667,"date":"2023-11-07T15:41:37","date_gmt":"2023-11-07T15:41:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=5667"},"modified":"2023-11-07T16:34:15","modified_gmt":"2023-11-07T16:34:15","slug":"albanir-bulgarir-japanir-portugalir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2023\/11\/07\/albanir-bulgarir-japanir-portugalir\/","title":{"rendered":"Albanir, B\u00falgarir, Japanir, Port\u00fagalir"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cd b\u00f3kinni \u00cdslenskt m\u00e1lfar<\/em> segir \u00c1rni B\u00f6\u00f0varsson: \u201eJapani<\/em> er \u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu b\u00e6\u00f0i Japanar<\/em> og Japanir<\/em> [\u2026]. Til samr\u00e6mis vi\u00f0 flest \u00f6nnur \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0aheiti og til a\u00f0 vinna \u00e1 m\u00f3ti afskr\u00e6mdum \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0aheitum eins og \u201eAlbanir, B\u00falgarir, Port\u00fagalir\u201c \u00fe\u00f3tti hins vegar r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 sty\u00f0ja fleirt\u00f6lumyndina Japanar<\/em>.\u201c \u00cd M\u00e1lfarsbankanum <\/em>er fleirtala umr\u00e6ddra \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0aheita s\u00f6g\u00f0 Albanar<\/a><\/em>, B\u00falgarar<\/a><\/em>, Port\u00fagalar<\/a><\/em> \u2013 og Japanar<\/a><\/em>. Ekki er \u00fe\u00f3 einhugur um \u00feetta \u2013 \u00feannig sag\u00f0i<\/a> G\u00edsli J\u00f3nsson \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1994: \u201e\u00c1rni B\u00f6\u00f0varsson telur a\u00f0 \u00edb\u00fai \u00ed Japan s\u00e9 r\u00e9ttnefndur Japani<\/strong> og \u00fev\u00ed s\u00e9 r\u00e9tt fleirtala Japanar<\/strong>. Umsj\u00f3narma\u00f0ur \u00e1 erfitt me\u00f0 a\u00f0 venja sig af fleirt\u00f6lunni Japanir<\/strong>.\u201c \u00cd Beygingarl\u00fdsingu \u00edslensks n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls <\/em>er b\u00e6\u00f0i gefi\u00f0 Albanar <\/a><\/em>og<\/a> Albanir<\/a><\/em>, Japanir <\/a><\/em>og<\/a> Japanar<\/a><\/em>, Port\u00fagalar <\/a><\/em>og<\/a> Port\u00fagalir<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n

Fleirtala umr\u00e6ddra or\u00f0a hefur lengi veri\u00f0 \u00e1 reiki og \u00f3tal d\u00e6mi m\u00e1 finna um a\u00f0 tvenns konar fleirtala s\u00e9 notu\u00f0 \u00ed s\u00f6mu grein, jafnvel \u00ed samliggjandi m\u00e1lsgreinum. \u00cd R\u00f6kkri <\/em>1944 segir: \u201e\u00fear hafa Japanir flotast\u00f6\u00f0 mikla, og safnast \u00fear saman skipalestir \u00fe\u00e6r, sem Japanar senda til Su\u00f0vestur-Kyrrahafssv\u00e6\u00f0isins.\u201c \u00cd V\u00edsi <\/em>1940 segir: \u201eB\u00falgarar \u00f3ttast a\u00f0 svo muni ekki vera. B\u00falgarir \u00f3ttast ekkert af R\u00fassa hendi.\u201c \u00cd Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1946 segir: \u201eSag\u00f0i hann a\u00f0 margir Albanar hef\u00f0u teki\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed innr\u00e1s \u00cdtala \u00ed Grikkland [\u2026]. Hef\u00f0u Albanir s\u00ed\u00f0ur en svo veri\u00f0 m\u00f3tfallnir fasistum Mussolinis \u00e1 \u00feessu t\u00edmabili.\u201c \u00cd Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ubla\u00f0inu <\/em>1972 segir: \u201ePort\u00fagalar l\u00e6ra af Bandar\u00edkjam\u00f6nnum. \u00de\u00e6r a\u00f0fer\u00f0ir sem \u00feeir nota \u00ed Indo-K\u00edna taka Port\u00fagalir upp \u00ed Afr\u00edku.\u201c<\/p>\n

Allar \u201er\u00f6ngu\u201c fleirt\u00f6lumyndirnar eru gamlar og algengar \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00fe\u00e6r \u201er\u00e9ttu\u201c s\u00e9u vissulega oftast eldri. \u00c1 t\u00edmarit.is<\/em> er elsta d\u00e6mi um B\u00falgarar<\/strong> <\/em>fr\u00e1 1849 en um B\u00falgarir<\/strong> <\/em>fr\u00e1 1886; um Japanar<\/strong> <\/em>fr\u00e1 1860 en um Japanir<\/strong> <\/em>fr\u00e1 1896; og um Port\u00fagalar<\/strong> <\/em>fr\u00e1 1872 en um Port\u00fagalir<\/strong> <\/em>fr\u00e1 1931. Hins vegar er elsta d\u00e6mi um Albanir<\/strong><\/em> fr\u00e1 1849, 30 \u00e1rum eldra en Albanar<\/strong> <\/em>fr\u00e1 1878. \u201eR\u00e9ttu\u201c myndirnar B\u00falgarar<\/strong> <\/em>og Port\u00fagalar<\/strong> <\/em>eru l\u00edka mun algengari en \u00fe\u00e6r \u201er\u00f6ngu\u201c \u2013 82% af heildarfj\u00f6lda d\u00e6ma um nefnifall fleirt\u00f6lu \u00ed fyrrnefnda or\u00f0inu og 60% \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed s\u00ed\u00f0arnefnda. Hins vegar eru \u201er\u00e9ttu\u201c myndirnar Albanar<\/strong> <\/em>og Japanar<\/strong> <\/em>mun sjaldg\u00e6fari en \u00fe\u00e6r \u201er\u00f6ngu\u201c \u2013 s\u00fa fyrrnefnda er a\u00f0eins um 33% af heildarfj\u00f6lda d\u00e6ma um nefnifall fleirt\u00f6lu og s\u00fa s\u00ed\u00f0arnefnda um 30%.<\/p>\n

Veik karlkynsor\u00f0 (sem enda \u00e1 -i<\/em> \u00ed nefnifalli eint\u00f6lu) f\u00e1 vissulega n\u00e6r alltaf endinguna -ar <\/em>\u00ed nefnifalli fleirt\u00f6lu (a\u00f0 undanskildum or\u00f0um sem eru upphaflega l\u00fdsingarh\u00e1ttur n\u00fat\u00ed\u00f0ar, eins og nemandi<\/em>). \u00dea\u00f0 getur \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed flj\u00f3tu brag\u00f0i virst undarlegt a\u00f0 umr\u00e6dd or\u00f0 skuli hafa tilhneigingu til a\u00f0 hverfa fr\u00e1 endingunni -ar<\/em> \u2013 en \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 s\u00e9r einfalda sk\u00fdringu. \u00derj\u00fa or\u00f0, Dani<\/em>, Grikki <\/em>og \u00cdtali<\/em>, \u201eeiga\u201c nefnilega a\u00f0 f\u00e1 -ir<\/em>-endingu \u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu \u2013 Danir<\/em>, Grikkir<\/em>, \u00cdtalir<\/em>. \u00deetta eru allt \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0aheiti, r\u00e9tt eins og or\u00f0in sem h\u00e9r eru til umr\u00e6\u00f0u. Engin \u00f6nnur veik karlkynsor\u00f0 s\u00fdna tilhneigingu til a\u00f0 f\u00e1 -ir<\/em>-endingu \u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 er nokku\u00f0 auglj\u00f3st a\u00f0 m\u00e1lnotendur skynja \u00fearna reglu sem \u00feeir leitast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 fella \u00f6nnur \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0aheiti undir. \u00dea\u00f0 er fullkomlega e\u00f0lilegt.<\/p>\n

\u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0an fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 Dani <\/em>og Grikki <\/em>f\u00e1 fleirt\u00f6luendinguna -ir<\/em> \u00ed sta\u00f0 hinnar venjulegu -ar<\/em>-endingar er v\u00e6ntanlega s\u00fa a\u00f0 \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li voru \u00feessi or\u00f0 sterk, Danr<\/a><\/em> og Grikkr<\/a><\/em> sem hef\u00f0i \u00e1tt a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a Danur<\/em> og Grikkur <\/em>\u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li. E\u00f0lileg fleirtala or\u00f0a me\u00f0 sl\u00edka stofnger\u00f0 er einmitt Danir<\/em> og Grikkir<\/em>. En vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00feessi or\u00f0 eru af merkingarlegum \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0um margfalt algengari \u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu en eint\u00f6lu hafa or\u00f0i\u00f0 til n\u00fdjar eint\u00f6lumyndir \u00fat fr\u00e1 fleirt\u00f6lunni \u2013 Dani<\/em> og Grikki<\/em>. \u00cdtali <\/em>er yngra or\u00f0 sem v\u00e6ntanlega hefur laga\u00f0 sig a\u00f0 \u00feessu mynstri \u2013 eins og Albani<\/em>, B\u00falgari<\/em>, Japani <\/em>og Port\u00fagali <\/em>hafa tilhneigingu til. Einnig kemur fyrir a\u00f0 tilhneigingin gangi \u00ed \u00f6fuga \u00e1tt \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 mun sjaldg\u00e6fara \u2013 sl\u00e6\u00f0ingur af d\u00e6mum er um b\u00e6\u00f0i Grikkjar <\/em>og \u00cdtalar<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00feess a\u00f0 -ir<\/em>-fleirt\u00f6lumyndirnar Albanir<\/em>, B\u00falgarir<\/em>, Japanir <\/em>og Port\u00fagalir <\/em>er taldar \u201erangar\u201c eru v\u00e6ntanlega annars vegar s\u00fa a\u00f0 -ar<\/em>-myndirnar eru (oftast) eldri, og hins vegar a\u00f0 -ar<\/em>-fleirtala er meginregla \u00ed veikum karlkynsor\u00f0um. En eins og h\u00e9r hefur komi\u00f0 fram er -ir<\/em>-fleirtala greinilega \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 m\u00e1lkennd margra m\u00e1lnotenda. \u201eLei\u00f0r\u00e9ttingar\u201c sem vinna gegn m\u00e1lkennd f\u00f3lks geta veri\u00f0 varasamar og skapa\u00f0 \u00f3\u00f6ryggi og rugling eins og H\u00f6skuldur \u00der\u00e1insson hefur s\u00fdnt fram \u00e1<\/a>, og ekki k\u00e6mi \u00e1 \u00f3vart \u00fe\u00f3tt einhver \u00feeirra d\u00e6ma sem vitna\u00f0 var til h\u00e9r a\u00f0 framan st\u00f6fu\u00f0u einmitt af sl\u00edku. Hva\u00f0 sem \u00fev\u00ed l\u00ed\u00f0ur er algerlega \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0ulaust a\u00f0 tala um -ir<\/em>-myndirnar sem \u201eafskr\u00e6md \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0aheiti\u201c \u2013 notum \u00fe\u00e6r endilega ef \u00fe\u00e6r eru e\u00f0lilegt m\u00e1l okkar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cd b\u00f3kinni \u00cdslenskt m\u00e1lfar segir \u00c1rni B\u00f6\u00f0varsson: \u201eJapani er \u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu b\u00e6\u00f0i Japanar og Japanir [\u2026]. Til samr\u00e6mis vi\u00f0 flest \u00f6nnur \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0aheiti og til a\u00f0 vinna \u00e1 m\u00f3ti afskr\u00e6mdum \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0aheitum eins og \u201eAlbanir, B\u00falgarir, Port\u00fagalir\u201c \u00fe\u00f3tti hins vegar r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 sty\u00f0ja fleirt\u00f6lumyndina Japanar.\u201c \u00cd M\u00e1lfarsbankanum er fleirtala umr\u00e6ddra \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0aheita s\u00f6g\u00f0 Albanar, B\u00falgarar, Port\u00fagalar \u2013 og […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5667","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5667","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5667"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5667\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5671,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5667\/revisions\/5671"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5667"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5667"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5667"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}