{"id":5863,"date":"2023-12-16T09:52:45","date_gmt":"2023-12-16T09:52:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=5863"},"modified":"2023-12-16T12:56:41","modified_gmt":"2023-12-16T12:56:41","slug":"thel-thelhvitt-og-theldokkt-folk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2023\/12\/16\/thel-thelhvitt-og-theldokkt-folk\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00deel, \u00feelhv\u00edtt og \u00feeld\u00f6kkt f\u00f3lk"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c1 s\u00ed\u00f0u Facebookvinar lenti \u00e9g \u00ed umr\u00e6\u00f0u um or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00feelhv\u00edtur <\/em>sem er mj\u00f6g sjaldg\u00e6ft en kemur fyrir<\/a> \u00ed Vefaranum mikla fr\u00e1 Kasm\u00edr <\/em>eftir Halld\u00f3r Laxness \u2013 \u201epers\u00f3na \u00far go\u00f0s\u00f6gn, sem hef\u00f0i ali\u00f0 aldur sinn me\u00f0 \u00feelhv\u00edtum sk\u00f3gardilkum\u201c. Einhverjum fannst vera innri m\u00f3ts\u00f6gn \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed or\u00f0i \u00fear e\u00f0 \u00feel <\/em>merkti 'myrkur' eins og \u00ed or\u00f0inu n\u00e6tur\u00feel<\/em>. En \u00fea\u00f0 er misskilningur \u2013 or\u00f0i\u00f0 n\u00e6tur\u00feel <\/em>merkir<\/a> vissulega 'n\u00e6turt\u00edmi' en \u00feel <\/em>v\u00edsar \u00fear ekki til myrkurs. Sumum fannst hins vegar e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 \u00feel <\/em>tengdist hv\u00edtur <\/em>gegnum ull sau\u00f0fj\u00e1r sem skiptist \u00ed tog <\/em>og \u00feel <\/em>sem er<\/a> 'mj\u00fak ull kinda undir gr\u00f3fari ull, toginu' \u2013 \u00feel <\/em>v\u00e6ri \u00fev\u00ed m\u00fdksti og hv\u00edtasti hluti ullarinnar. En ull svartra og m\u00f3rau\u00f0ra sau\u00f0kinda skiptist l\u00edka \u00ed tog og \u00feel \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed fer fjarri a\u00f0 \u00feel<\/em> s\u00e9 alltaf hv\u00edtt.<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er samt ekki n\u00fdtt a\u00f0 l\u00edta svo \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00feel <\/em>v\u00edsi til ullar \u00ed or\u00f0um eins og \u00feelhv\u00edtur<\/em>. Fyrir 60 \u00e1rum skrifa\u00f0i<\/a> Hannes \u00e1 horninu (Vilhj\u00e1lmur S. Vilhj\u00e1lmsson) \u00ed Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ubla\u00f0i\u00f0 <\/em>um \u201e\u00feetta s\u00edfellda \u00feelstagl \u00ed \u00fatvarpi og bl\u00f6\u00f0um\u201c og vir\u00f0ist hafa veri\u00f0 \u00ed deilu<\/a> vi\u00f0 fr\u00e9ttamenn R\u00edkis\u00fatvarpsins<\/em> um or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00feeld\u00f6kkur<\/em>: \u201eEn a\u00f0 kalla y\u00f0ur \u00feelhv\u00edta er \u00ed rauninni svo f\u00e1v\u00edslegt, \u00f3\u00fearft og alrangt a\u00f0 engu tali tekur, \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00e9g \u00e6tla, a\u00f0 ekkert hv\u00edtt \u00feel \u00feekji h\u00fa\u00f0 y\u00f0ar, sem r\u00e9ttl\u00e6ti a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e9r s\u00e9u\u00f0 kalla\u00f0ir \u00feelhv\u00edtir menn. \u2013 \u00de\u00e1 er hitt l\u00edka jafn f\u00e1v\u00edslegt, \u00f3\u00fearft og alrangt a\u00f0 kalla svarta menn \u00feeld\u00f6kka, \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00feeir eru \u00f6rugglega ekkert lo\u00f0nari um kroppinn en \u00fe\u00e9r, og \u00fe\u00e1 heldur ekkert d\u00f6kkt \u00feel, sem \u00feekur h\u00fa\u00f0 \u00feeirra, er r\u00e9ttl\u00e6tir, a\u00f0 \u00feeir s\u00e9u kalla\u00f0ir \u00feeld\u00f6kkir menn frekar en \u00fe\u00e9r \u00feelhv\u00edtir.\u201c<\/p>\n

Or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00feel <\/em>kemur fyrir \u00feegar \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li<\/a> \u00ed merkingunni<\/a> 'grunnur, undirlag'. \u00cd Ad\u00f3n\u00edas s\u00f6gu <\/em>fr\u00e1 15. \u00f6ld segir<\/a>: \u201eUmkringis \u00e1 skildinum var ein sp\u00f6ng sterk me\u00f0 j\u00e1rn en \u00feeli\u00f0 \u00e1 skildinum var svart sem hrafn.\u201c \u00dearna er \u00feeli\u00f0 <\/em>eiginlega yfirbor\u00f0 skjaldarins sem er undirlag undir \u00fdmiss konar skraut. Auk \u00feess getur \u00feel <\/em>merkt<\/a> 'hugarfar, hugur til e-s', einkum \u00ed samsetningum eins og vinar\u00feel<\/em>, br\u00f3\u00f0ur\u00feel<\/em>, \u00feelg\u00f3\u00f0ur<\/em>, \u00feelhl\u00fdr <\/em>o.fl. en einnig sem sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6tt or\u00f0, eins og \u00ed \u201e\u00deel getur breyst vi\u00f0 ator\u00f0 eitt\u201c \u00ed \u201eEinr\u00e6\u00f0um Starka\u00f0ar\u201c eftir Einar Benediktsson. Einnig er \u00feel '<\/em>himna \u00ed kvi\u00f0arholi og um \u00fdmis l\u00edf\u00e6ri'. Vel er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 tengsl me\u00f0 \u00feessum merkingum. \u00cd ullinni er \u00feel <\/em>undirlag togsins, himnan er yfirbor\u00f0 e\u00f0a vi\u00f0m\u00f3t, og hugarfari\u00f0 er undirlag vi\u00f0m\u00f3ts.<\/p>\n

En langalgengasta samsetningin me\u00f0 \u00feel <\/em>er \u00feeld\u00f6kkur<\/em>. \u00dea\u00f0 or\u00f0 kemur fyrst fyrir<\/a> \u00ed Al\u00feingisb\u00f3kum \u00cdslands <\/em>\u00e1 17. \u00f6ld: \u201eskarpleitur, \u00feeld\u00f6kkur\u201c. N\u00e6st kemur or\u00f0i\u00f0 fyrir \u00ed Sunnanp\u00f3stinum <\/em>1838: \u201eBalf\u00far var fr\u00eddur, \u00feeld\u00f8ckur, vel vaxinn madur\u201c, og s\u00ed\u00f0an ekki fyrr en \u00ed Draupni <\/em>1892: \u201eMa\u00f0ur nokkur roskinn, \u00feeld\u00f6kkur og br\u00fana\u00feungur, gr\u00faf\u00f0i yfir \u00feeim.\u201c Framan af er lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 merkir 'me\u00f0 d\u00f6kka h\u00fa\u00f0' en ekki 'svartur ma\u00f0ur'. \u00dea\u00f0 s\u00e9st t.d. greinilega \u00e1 d\u00e6mum eins og \u201eBla\u00f0ama\u00f0urinn sn\u00fdr s\u00e9r a\u00f0 Torv\u00f6, sem er \u00feeld\u00f6kkur af s\u00f3lbruna\u201c \u00ed Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ubla\u00f0inu <\/em>1931, \u201eAftast \u00ed salnum sat mj\u00f6g \u00feeld\u00f6kkur ma\u00f0ur\u201c \u00ed Nor\u00f0urlj\u00f3sinu <\/em>1932, og \u201e\u00de\u00fa ert au\u00f0vita\u00f0 nokku\u00f0 \u00feeld\u00f6kkur \u2013 en \u00fea\u00f0 getur stafa\u00f0 af s\u00f3lbruna og vindi\u201c \u00ed Heimskringlu <\/em>1941.<\/p>\n

Undir mi\u00f0ja 20. \u00f6ld fj\u00f6lgar d\u00e6mum um \u00feeld\u00f6kkur <\/em>mj\u00f6g \u2013 \u00fe\u00e1 er fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 nota or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed merkingunni 'svartur ma\u00f0ur' sem ver\u00f0ur flj\u00f3tt a\u00f0almerking or\u00f0sins og er enn. S\u00fa er merkingin v\u00e6ntanlega \u00ed Speglinum <\/em>1949: \u201eJoe Louis, hinn heimsfr\u00e6gi, \u00feeld\u00f6kki hnefaleikameistari.\u201c \u00cd Heima er bezt <\/em>1951 segir: \u201eEkki var hann samt Abbyssin\u00eduma\u00f0ur, \u00fev\u00ed hann var hv\u00edtur, en Abbyssin\u00edumenn eru \u00feeld\u00f6kkir.\u201c \u00cd V\u00edsi <\/em>1952 segir \u201e\u00cd \u00fdmsum borgum Su\u00f0ur-Afr\u00edku voru \u00ed g\u00e6r haldnir fundir til \u00feess a\u00f0 m\u00f3tm\u00e6la setningu laga, sem sker\u00f0a r\u00e9ttindi \u00feeld\u00f6kkra manna.\u201c \u00cd \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0viljanum <\/em>1952 segir: \u201eUm fj\u00f3rir fimmtu hlutar Su\u00f0ur-Afr\u00edkub\u00faa eru af \u00feeld\u00f6kkum kyn\u00fe\u00e1ttum en hv\u00edtir menn stj\u00f3rna landinu einir og \u00ferengja kosti hins \u00feeld\u00f6kka f\u00f3lks \u00ed hv\u00edvetna.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u00cd n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li er \u00feeld\u00f6kkur <\/em>n\u00e1nast alltaf nota\u00f0 sem flokkun fremur en l\u00fdsing og \u00fe\u00e1 sjaldan \u00feelhv\u00edtur <\/em>er nota\u00f0 gegnir sama m\u00e1li um \u00fea\u00f0. \u00cd \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0viljanum <\/em>1956 segir: \u201e\u00deeld\u00f6kkir menn \u00fear \u00ed borg hafa n\u00fa \u00ed r\u00famt \u00e1r krafizt r\u00e9ttar s\u00edns a\u00f0 mega fer\u00f0ast \u00ed str\u00e6tisv\u00f6gnum b\u00e6jarins \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a a\u00f0 l\u00fata fyrir \u00feelhv\u00edtum m\u00f6nnum.\u201c \u00c1 seinni \u00e1rum vir\u00f0ist \u00deorvaldur Gylfason vera s\u00e1 eini sem hefur nota\u00f0 \u00feelhv\u00edtur <\/em>\u00e1 prenti og \u00feau \u00ferj\u00fa d\u00e6mi sem eru um or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed Risam\u00e1lheildinni <\/em>eru \u00f6ll fr\u00e1 honum, t.d. \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2000 \u00fear sem hann talar um<\/a> a\u00f0 \u201ehalda fri\u00f0inn og vernda bl\u00f6kkumenn gegn \u00feelhv\u00edtum \u00fer\u00e6lah\u00f6ldurum fr\u00e1 lokum borgarastyrjaldarinnar 1865.\u201c \u00de\u00f3tt \u00feelhv\u00edtur <\/em>hafi ekki brei\u00f0st \u00fat e\u00f0a komist \u00ed or\u00f0ab\u00e6kur er \u00feetta e\u00f0lilegt or\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feessari merkingu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c1 s\u00ed\u00f0u Facebookvinar lenti \u00e9g \u00ed umr\u00e6\u00f0u um or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00feelhv\u00edtur sem er mj\u00f6g sjaldg\u00e6ft en kemur fyrir \u00ed Vefaranum mikla fr\u00e1 Kasm\u00edr eftir Halld\u00f3r Laxness \u2013 \u201epers\u00f3na \u00far go\u00f0s\u00f6gn, sem hef\u00f0i ali\u00f0 aldur sinn me\u00f0 \u00feelhv\u00edtum sk\u00f3gardilkum\u201c. Einhverjum fannst vera innri m\u00f3ts\u00f6gn \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed or\u00f0i \u00fear e\u00f0 \u00feel merkti 'myrkur' eins og \u00ed or\u00f0inu n\u00e6tur\u00feel. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5863","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5863","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5863"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5863\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5865,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5863\/revisions\/5865"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5863"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5863"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5863"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}