{"id":5870,"date":"2023-12-20T11:13:55","date_gmt":"2023-12-20T11:13:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=5870"},"modified":"2023-12-20T11:13:55","modified_gmt":"2023-12-20T11:13:55","slug":"hvad-merkir-utsed-um","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2023\/12\/20\/hvad-merkir-utsed-um\/","title":{"rendered":"Hva\u00f0 merkir \u00fats\u00e9\u00f0 um?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cd g\u00e6r var h\u00e9r spurt um merkingu setningarinnar \u201eenda \u00fats\u00e9\u00f0 a\u00f0 Bandar\u00edkin myndu beita neitunarvaldi\u201c sem kom fyrir \u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ruv.is\/sjonvarp\/spila\/frettir-kl-19-00\/30762\/a0gv01\/oryggisrad-sth-um-gaza\">fr\u00e9ttum<\/a> <em>R\u00edkis\u00fatvarpsins <\/em>\u00ed g\u00e6rkv\u00f6ldi. M\u00e1li\u00f0 sn\u00fdst um or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>\u00fats\u00e9\u00f0 <\/em>sem l\u00edtur \u00fat eins og hvorugkyn l\u00fdsingarh\u00e1ttar \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0ar af s\u00f6gninni <em>\u00fatsj\u00e1<\/em> sem a\u00f0 v\u00edsu er til en \u00ed annarri merkingu. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed greint sem l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 (sem a\u00f0eins kemur fyrir \u00ed hvorugkyni) b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed <em>\u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>og <em>\u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>en \u00ed hvorugri er \u00fea\u00f0 sk\u00fdrt s\u00e9rstaklega heldur eing\u00f6ngu \u00ed sambandinu <em>\u00fea\u00f0 er \u00fats\u00e9\u00f0 um a\u00f0<\/em>, sem <a href=\"https:\/\/islenskordabok.arnastofnun.is\/ord\/44154\">sk\u00fdrt<\/a> er '\u00fea\u00f0 eru engar l\u00edkur lengur \u00e1 a\u00f0' \u00ed \u00feeirri s\u00ed\u00f0arnefndu. \u00cd <em>M\u00e1lfarsbankanum <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/malfar.arnastofnun.is\/grein\/70716\">segir<\/a>: \u201eSetningin <strong>\u00fea\u00f0 er \u00fats\u00e9\u00f0 um eitthva\u00f0<\/strong> merkir: eitthva\u00f0 gerist ekki.\u201c En \u00feessi merkingarsk\u00fdring \u00e1 auglj\u00f3slega ekki vi\u00f0 umr\u00e6tt d\u00e6mi.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e1li\u00f0 er nefnilega fl\u00f3knara en \u00feetta. Elsta d\u00e6mi um <em>\u00fats\u00e9\u00f0 <\/em>\u00e1 <em>t\u00edmarit.is <\/em>er \u00ed <em>Sk\u00edrni <\/em>1832: \u201e\u00fe\u00f3kti n\u00fa \u00fats\u00e9\u00f0 um \u00fea\u00f0, a\u00f0 eigi mundi li\u00f0svon framar fr\u00e1 L\u00edthauen.\u201c Samhengi\u00f0 s\u00fdnir a\u00f0 merkingin er '\u00fe\u00f3tti n\u00fa or\u00f0i\u00f0 lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 ekki k\u00e6mi li\u00f0sauki fr\u00e1 Lith\u00e1en'. \u00dearna er athyglisvert a\u00f0 neitunin <em>eigi<\/em> er \u00ed setningunni sem <em>\u00fats\u00e9\u00f0 <\/em>tekur me\u00f0 s\u00e9r, en mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 sk\u00fdringu or\u00f0ab\u00f3ka og <em>M\u00e1lfarsbankans <\/em>er henni \u00ed raun ofauki\u00f0 vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>\u00fats\u00e9\u00f0 <\/em>felur hana \u00ed s\u00e9r. Fj\u00f6lda hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ra d\u00e6ma me\u00f0 neitun m\u00e1 finna \u00e1 19. \u00f6ld. \u00cd <em>\u00dej\u00f3\u00f0\u00f3lfi <\/em>1868 segir t.d.: \u201eOg fyrst a\u00f0 \u00fats\u00e9\u00f0 er um, a\u00f0 Pr\u00f3fessorinn getur ekki or\u00f0i\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00feessari \u00f3sk Reykv\u00edkinga.\u201c \u00cd <em>Fjallkonunni <\/em>1889 segir: \u201eSumum f\u00e9ll svo allr ketill \u00ed eld, a\u00f0 \u00feeir t\u00f6ldu \u00fats\u00e9\u00f0 um \u00fea\u00f0, a\u00f0 ekkert gagn g\u00e6ti or\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00feessu \u00feingi.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e9r hl\u00fdtur <em>\u00fats\u00e9\u00f0 <\/em>a\u00f0 merkja 'or\u00f0i\u00f0 lj\u00f3st, komi\u00f0 \u00ed lj\u00f3s' og sama m\u00e1li gegnir um \u00fdmis elstu d\u00e6mi um or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1n eftirfarandi neitunar. \u00cd <em>Sk\u00edrni <\/em>1837 segir: \u201e\u00deetta fr\u00e9tta\u00e1r hefir or\u00f0i\u00f0 r\u00edkt af vi\u00f0bur\u00f0um \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0l\u00edfi Port\u00fag\u00edsa, \u00fe\u00f3 ekki s\u00e9 enn\u00fe\u00e1 \u00fats\u00e9\u00f0 hva\u00f0a enda \u00feeir f\u00e1.\u201c \u00cd <em>\u00dej\u00f3\u00f0\u00f3lfi <\/em>1868 segir: \u201e\u00deegar n\u00fa var \u00fats\u00e9\u00f0 um, a\u00f0 allir v\u00e6ri komnir sem vi\u00f0staddir vildi vera.\u201c En einnig eru \u00fdmis d\u00e6mi um a\u00f0 notkun <em>\u00fats\u00e9\u00f0 <\/em>r\u00edmi vi\u00f0 l\u00fdsingu or\u00f0ab\u00f3kanna. \u00cd <em>Sk\u00edrni <\/em>1842 segir: \u201es\u00f6g\u00f0u og a\u00f0 \u00fats\u00e9\u00f0 v\u00e6ri um allt prentfrelsi, ef jafningjar oftar leif\u00f0i s\u00e9r a\u00f0 d\u00e6ma \u00ed prentfrelsis m\u00e1lum.\u201c \u00cd <em>Nor\u00f0lingi <\/em>1877 segir: \u201e\u00dats\u00e9\u00f0 \u00feykir um a\u00f0 a\u00f0rir Nor\u00f0ur\u00e1lfub\u00faar bendlist vi\u00f0 \u00feennan \u00f3fri\u00f0, nema ef vera skyldi Serbar.\u201c \u00cd <em>Skuld <\/em>1879 segir: \u201e\u00dea\u00f0 er n\u00fa \u00fats\u00e9\u00f0 um \u00fea\u00f0, a\u00f0 h\u00e9r komi sumar \u00ed \u00e1r.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Eins og \u00e1\u00f0ur segir er neitun \u00ed raun innifalin \u00ed \u00feeirri merkingu <em>\u00fats\u00e9\u00f0 <\/em>sem or\u00f0ab\u00e6kur gefa, 'engar l\u00edkur lengur \u00e1 a\u00f0'. Setninguna <em>\u00fea\u00f0 er \u00fats\u00e9\u00f0 um a\u00f0 \u00feetta takist<\/em> m\u00e1 m.a. umor\u00f0a sem <em>\u00fea\u00f0 er vonlaust a\u00f0 \u00feetta takist<\/em>, <em>\u00fea\u00f0 er \u00f3hugsandi a\u00f0 \u00feetta takist<\/em>, <em>\u00fea\u00f0 er \u00fatiloka\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00feetta takist<\/em> og \u00ed \u00f6llum \u00feeim d\u00e6mum er einhvers konar neikv\u00e6\u00f0a merkingu a\u00f0 finna \u00ed or\u00f0inu sem kemur \u00ed sta\u00f0 <em>\u00fats\u00e9\u00f0<\/em> \u2013 <em>-laust<\/em>, <em>\u00f3-<\/em> og <em>-loka\u00f0<\/em>. En \u00ed <em>\u00fats\u00e9\u00f0 <\/em>felur hvorugur or\u00f0hlutinn \u00ed s\u00e9r neikv\u00e6\u00f0a merkingu og \u00feess vegna er ekkert undarlegt a\u00f0 margir m\u00e1lnotendur skynji ekki neitunina \u00ed merkingu or\u00f0sins og noti \u00fea\u00f0 fremur \u00ed hlutlausri merkingu \u2013 skilji <em>\u00fea\u00f0 var \u00fats\u00e9\u00f0 <\/em>(<em>um<\/em>)<em> a\u00f0 \u00feetta t\u00e6kist <\/em>fremur sem '\u00fea\u00f0 var komi\u00f0 \u00ed lj\u00f3s a\u00f0 \u00feetta t\u00e6kist' en '\u00fea\u00f0 var or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00fatiloka\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00feetta t\u00e6kist'.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dea\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur \u00fev\u00ed ekki betur s\u00e9\u00f0 en <em>\u00fats\u00e9\u00f0 <\/em>(<em>um<\/em>) hafi haft tv\u00e6r merkingar alveg fr\u00e1 upphafi, b\u00e1\u00f0ar mj\u00f6g algengar \u2013 annars vegar \u00fe\u00e1 sem or\u00f0ab\u00e6kur segja, 'engar l\u00edkur (lengur) \u00e1', og hins vegar 'or\u00f0i\u00f0 lj\u00f3st, komi\u00f0 \u00ed lj\u00f3s'. S\u00ed\u00f0arnefnda merkingin \u00e1 t.d. auglj\u00f3slega vi\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feeim fj\u00f6lm\u00f6rgu d\u00e6mum \u00fear sem spurnarsetning kemur \u00e1 eftir, s.s. \u201e\u00dea\u00f0 er enn \u00fe\u00e1 ekki \u00fats\u00e9\u00f0 um, hvernig m\u00e1linu l\u00fdkur milli Englendinga og R\u00fassa\u201c \u00ed <em>Austra <\/em>1885 og \u201eEnn er ekki \u00fats\u00e9\u00f0 um hvort tekist hefur a\u00f0 st\u00f6\u00f0va lekann endanlega\u201c \u00ed <em>Fr\u00e9ttabla\u00f0inu <\/em>2010. \u00dear e\u00f0 merkingarnar vir\u00f0ast \u00e1l\u00edka gamlar, eiga s\u00e9r \u00f3rofa s\u00f6gu, og hafa b\u00e1\u00f0ar veri\u00f0 algengar allan t\u00edmann s\u00e9 \u00e9g engar forsendur fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 taka a\u00f0ra fram yfir hina. D\u00e6mi\u00f0 sem v\u00edsa\u00f0 var til \u00ed upphafi hl\u00fdtur \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 teljast r\u00e9tt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cd g\u00e6r var h\u00e9r spurt um merkingu setningarinnar \u201eenda \u00fats\u00e9\u00f0 a\u00f0 Bandar\u00edkin myndu beita neitunarvaldi\u201c sem kom fyrir \u00ed fr\u00e9ttum R\u00edkis\u00fatvarpsins \u00ed g\u00e6rkv\u00f6ldi. M\u00e1li\u00f0 sn\u00fdst um or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00fats\u00e9\u00f0 sem l\u00edtur \u00fat eins og hvorugkyn l\u00fdsingarh\u00e1ttar \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0ar af s\u00f6gninni \u00fatsj\u00e1 sem a\u00f0 v\u00edsu er til en \u00ed annarri merkingu. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed greint sem l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 (sem [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5870","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5870","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5870"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5870\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5871,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5870\/revisions\/5871"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5870"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5870"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5870"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}