{"id":5900,"date":"2023-12-29T14:01:28","date_gmt":"2023-12-29T14:01:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=5900"},"modified":"2023-12-29T14:01:28","modified_gmt":"2023-12-29T14:01:28","slug":"innvidir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2023\/12\/29\/innvidir\/","title":{"rendered":"Innvi\u00f0ir"},"content":{"rendered":"

Or\u00f0i\u00f0 innvi\u00f0ir <\/em>heyrist og s\u00e9st mj\u00f6g oft um \u00feessar mundir. \u00deetta er ekki n\u00fdtt or\u00f0 \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 kemur fyrir \u00feegar \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li<\/a> og er \u00fe\u00e1 eing\u00f6ngu nota\u00f0 \u00ed b\u00f3kstaflegri merkingu<\/a> um tr\u00e9verk \u00ed skipi, anna\u00f0 en ytra byr\u00f0i. S\u00ed\u00f0ar er einnig fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 nota or\u00f0i\u00f0 um h\u00fas \u2013 \u201eKirkjan a\u00f0 ytri s\u00fa\u00f0 og innvi\u00f0um mj\u00f6g lasleg og \u00e1gengileg\u201c segir<\/a> \u00ed skjali fr\u00e1 1677 \u00ed Biskupsskjalasafni. Enn s\u00ed\u00f0ar var fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 nota or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed l\u00edkingam\u00e1li, t.d. um mannsl\u00edkamann \u2013 \u201e\u00fe\u00f3 kalla menn innvidi h\u00f8fuds og bri\u00f3sts viscera<\/em>\u201c segir \u00ed Ritum L\u00e6rd\u00f3mslistaf\u00e9lagsins <\/em>1791. \u00dearna er veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 tala um innri ger\u00f0 l\u00edkamans en merkingin er enn \u00f3eiginlegri \u00ed Nor\u00f0anfara <\/em>1876: \u201ee\u00f0a l\u00fdsir ekki brjefkaflinn \u00ed Nor\u00f0lingi innvi\u00f0um mannsins?\u201c. H\u00e9r er or\u00f0i\u00f0 eiginlega nota\u00f0 \u00ed merkingunni 'innr\u00e6ti'.<\/p>\n

\u00ddmis g\u00f6mul d\u00e6mi eru um a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 s\u00e9 nota\u00f0 um hvers konar innri ger\u00f0, \u00e1\u00fereifanlega e\u00f0a hugl\u00e6ga. \u201eVer\u00f0i ekki \u00fev\u00ed meiri g\u00e6tni vi\u00f0h\u00f6f\u00f0, er ekki \u00f3hugsandi a\u00f0 bresti \u00ed innvi\u00f0um fylkjasambandsins \u00e1\u00f0ur en l\u00fdkur\u201c segir \u00ed Heimskringlu <\/em>1895. \u201eEnginn ma\u00f0r \u00feekkir \u00fat \u00ed yztu \u00e6sar innvi\u00f0i n\u00e1unga s\u00edns\u201c segir \u00ed Fjallkonunni <\/em>1896. \u201eInnvi\u00f0ir \u00ed \u00feessari s\u00f6gu er bar\u00e1tta \u00e1 milli gamla t\u00ed\u00f0arandans og hins n\u00fdja\u201c segir \u00ed Heimskringlu <\/em>1901. \u201e\u00de\u00e1 s\u00e9r l\u00e6risveinninn innvi\u00f0i jurtarinnar\u201c segir \u00ed Skinfaxa <\/em>1913. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 var lengst af nota\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feeim tveim merkingum sem gefnar eru \u00ed tveim fyrri \u00fatg\u00e1fum \u00cdslenskrar or\u00f0ab\u00f3kar<\/em> \u2013 fyrst einkum sem 'm\u00e1ttarvi\u00f0ir inni \u00ed byggingu, skipi e.\u00fe.h.' og s\u00ed\u00f0ar einnig 'bur\u00f0ar\u00e1sar f\u00e9lagssamtaka, innri styrkur e-s e.\u00fe.h.'<\/p>\n

En \u00ed seinni t\u00ed\u00f0 er or\u00f0i\u00f0 nota\u00f0 sem \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ing \u00e1 enska or\u00f0inu infrastructure <\/em>sem merkir<\/a> 'the basic systems and services, such as transport and power supplies, that a country or organization uses in order to work effectively' e\u00f0a 'grunnkerfi og \u00fej\u00f3nustur, svo sem samg\u00f6ngur og orkuveitur, sem land e\u00f0a stofnun \u00fearf \u00e1 a\u00f0 halda til a\u00f0 starfa e\u00f0lilega'. \u00cd samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 \u00feetta hefur \u00feri\u00f0ja merkingin b\u00e6st vi\u00f0 \u00ed \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em>: 'helstu \u00fe\u00e6ttir samf\u00e9lagsins, t.d. samg\u00f6ngu-, mennta- og heilbrig\u00f0iskerfi (e. infrastructure)'. \u00cd \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>er \u00feetta or\u00f0a\u00f0<\/a> svo: 'helstu \u00fe\u00e6ttir sem stu\u00f0la a\u00f0 virkni samf\u00e9lags, s.s. samg\u00f6ngumannvirki og orkukerfi'. \u00deetta var\u00f0 flj\u00f3tlega a\u00f0almerking or\u00f0sins og t\u00ed\u00f0ni \u00feess hefur aukist g\u00edfurlega \u00e1 \u00feessari \u00f6ld.<\/p>\n

\u00deessi notkun vir\u00f0ist hafa hafist \u00e1 n\u00edunda \u00e1ratugnum \u00fe\u00f3tt or\u00f0i\u00f0 s\u00e9 skr\u00e1\u00f0<\/a> sem \u201en\u00fdlegt n\u00fdyr\u00f0i\u201c \u00ed M\u00e1lfregnum <\/em>1998. \u00cd Pressunni <\/em>1989 segir: \u201e\u00deannig yr\u00f0u tekjur af s\u00f6lu vei\u00f0ileyfa tekjustofn til a\u00f0 vi\u00f0halda innvi\u00f0um (infrastructure) landsbygg\u00f0arinnar, samg\u00f6ngukerfi og grunn\u00fej\u00f3nustu.\u201c \u00cd Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>sama \u00e1r er tala\u00f0 um \u201esamg\u00f6ngur og \u00fdmis almenn atri\u00f0i sem talist hafa til hinna svok\u00f6llu\u00f0u \u201einnvi\u00f0a \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsins\u201c (e. Infrastructure) samkv\u00e6mt hef\u00f0bundnum skilgreiningum\u201c. \u00cd S\u00f6gu <\/em>sama \u00e1r segir: \u201eUmr\u00e6\u00f0ur um verklegar framkv\u00e6mdir snerust miki\u00f0 um eflingu \u00e1 innvi\u00f0um efnahagsl\u00edfsins (infrastr\u00fakt\u00far) og m\u00e1 \u00fear nefna virkjun fallvatna, lagningu j\u00e1rnbrauta, rekstur strandfer\u00f0askipa, vega- og br\u00faager\u00f0 og fleira \u00ed \u00feeim d\u00far.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u00cd raun og veru er ekki um mikla merkingarbreytingu a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 haf\u00f0i \u00e1\u00f0ur veri\u00f0 nota\u00f0 \u00e1 mj\u00f6g fj\u00f6lbreyttan h\u00e1tt eins og a\u00f0 framan segir. A\u00f0albreytingin felst \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 er \u00ed raun gert a\u00f0 \u00ed\u00f0or\u00f0i. En \u00feessari breytingu fylgir \u00fe\u00f3 \u00fe\u00f6rf fyrir a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta or\u00f0i\u00f0 v\u00edsa til einstakra innvi\u00f0a, t.d. orkukerfis e\u00f0a samgangna, og \u00fev\u00ed fylgir \u00fe\u00f6rf fyrir a\u00f0 nota or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed eint\u00f6lu \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00fea\u00f0 hafi fram undir \u00feetta n\u00e6r eing\u00f6ngu veri\u00f0 haft \u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu. Allnokkur d\u00e6mi eru um eint\u00f6luna fr\u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1rum, s.s. \u201eBSRB-li\u00f0ar segja a\u00f0 p\u00f3st\u00fej\u00f3nusta s\u00e9 mikilv\u00e6gur innvi\u00f0ur\u201c \u00ed Fr\u00e9ttabla\u00f0inu <\/em>2019 og \u201eRafmagn h\u00e6tti a\u00f0 vera \u201einnvi\u00f0ur\u201c og var\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u201ev\u00f6ru\u201c r\u00e9tt eins og fiskur og ol\u00eda\u201c \u00ed Vi\u00f0skiptabla\u00f0inu <\/em>2015. \u00deetta er e\u00f0lileg og \u00f3hj\u00e1kv\u00e6mileg breyting \u00e1 notkun or\u00f0sins.<\/p>\n

M\u00e9r finnst vera mj\u00f6g vel til fundi\u00f0 a\u00f0 n\u00fdta gamalgr\u00f3i\u00f0 or\u00f0 eins og innvi\u00f0ir <\/em>sem \u00edslenskun \u00e1 infrastructure <\/em>og s\u00fa \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ing er komin inn \u00ed<\/a> \u00fdmis or\u00f0as\u00f6fn \u00ed \u00cd\u00f0or\u00f0abankanum<\/em>. \u00cd g\u00e6r var h\u00e9r spurt hvort \u00feetta or\u00f0 hef\u00f0i alveg komi\u00f0 \u00ed sta\u00f0inn fyrir or\u00f0i\u00f0 mannvirki<\/em>, en eins og fram kom \u00ed umr\u00e6\u00f0um getur hvorugt or\u00f0i\u00f0 komi\u00f0 \u00ed sta\u00f0 hins \u2013 \u00fdmsir innvi\u00f0ir<\/em> eru ekki mannvirki<\/em> og \u00fdmis mannvirki<\/em> eru ekki innvi\u00f0ir<\/em>. Vissulega geta b\u00e6\u00f0i or\u00f0in \u00fe\u00f3 stundum v\u00edsa\u00f0 til hins sama, eins og t.d. orkuversins \u00ed Svartsengi \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 er vitanlega mannvirki<\/em>, en \u00fea\u00f0 er jafnframt mikilv\u00e6gur innvi\u00f0ur<\/em> og hluti af innvi\u00f0um<\/em> Su\u00f0urnesja, orkukerfinu. Au\u00f0vita\u00f0 er \u00fe\u00f3 h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 ofnota \u00feetta or\u00f0 eins og \u00f6nnur, og sj\u00e1lfsagt a\u00f0 huga a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed hvort or\u00f0 eins og mannvirki <\/em>\u00e6tti stundum betur vi\u00f0.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Or\u00f0i\u00f0 innvi\u00f0ir heyrist og s\u00e9st mj\u00f6g oft um \u00feessar mundir. \u00deetta er ekki n\u00fdtt or\u00f0 \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 kemur fyrir \u00feegar \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li og er \u00fe\u00e1 eing\u00f6ngu nota\u00f0 \u00ed b\u00f3kstaflegri merkingu um tr\u00e9verk \u00ed skipi, anna\u00f0 en ytra byr\u00f0i. S\u00ed\u00f0ar er einnig fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 nota or\u00f0i\u00f0 um h\u00fas \u2013 \u201eKirkjan a\u00f0 ytri s\u00fa\u00f0 og innvi\u00f0um […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5900","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5900","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5900"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5900\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5901,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5900\/revisions\/5901"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5900"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5900"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5900"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}