{"id":5904,"date":"2023-12-30T08:00:22","date_gmt":"2023-12-30T08:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=5904"},"modified":"2023-12-30T08:22:27","modified_gmt":"2023-12-30T08:22:27","slug":"valdur-lysingarord-eda-nafnord","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2023\/12\/30\/valdur-lysingarord-eda-nafnord\/","title":{"rendered":"Var\u00f0 h\u00fan valdur a\u00f0 slysi \u2013 e\u00f0a v\u00f6ld a\u00f0 slysi?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cd kverinu <em>Gott m\u00e1l <\/em>eftir \u00d3laf Oddsson <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mr.is\/docs\/OlOGottm.pdf\">segir<\/a>: \u201e<strong>Valdur a\u00f0 slysi (ekki: H\u00fan var valdur a\u00f0 slysi!)<\/strong> L\u00fdsingaror\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>valdur<\/em> merkir: sem veldur (einkum e-u sl\u00e6mu). \u00dea\u00f0 beygist svipa\u00f0 og or\u00f0i\u00f0 <u>kaldur<\/u>. Hann er <u>valdur<\/u> a\u00f0 slysi, h\u00fan er <u>v\u00f6ld<\/u>, \u00feeir eru <u>valdir<\/u> og \u00fe\u00e6r eru <u>valdar<\/u> a\u00f0 slysi. \u00c1 \u00feessu hafa \u00fdmsir flaska\u00f0.\u201c \u00cd n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li tekur <em>valdur <\/em>yfirleitt me\u00f0 s\u00e9r forsetninguna <em>a\u00f0<\/em> \u2013 <em>valdur a\u00f0 slysi<\/em>, <em>valdur a\u00f0 tj\u00f3ni<\/em>, <em>valdur a\u00f0 skemmdum<\/em>, <em>valdur a\u00f0 \u00e1rekstri<\/em>, <em>valdur a\u00f0 \u00e1verkum <\/em>o.s.frv. \u00de\u00f3 er talsvert algengt a\u00f0 forsetningin <em>af <\/em>s\u00e9 notu\u00f0 \u00ed sta\u00f0 <em>a\u00f0<\/em>, og reyndar t\u00ed\u00f0ka\u00f0ist \u00fea\u00f0 l\u00edka fyrr \u00e1 \u00f6ldum \u2013 <em>a\u00f0 <\/em>vir\u00f0ist <a href=\"https:\/\/ritmalssafn.arnastofnun.is\/daemi\/521498\">koma til<\/a> \u00e1 19. \u00f6ld. \u00cd fornu m\u00e1li t\u00f3k <em>valdur <\/em>hins vegar oftast me\u00f0 s\u00e9r nafnor\u00f0 \u00ed eignarfalli \u2013 \u201ekenndi br\u00e1tt hver valdur mundi verks \u00feessa\u201c segir \u00ed <em>\u00d3lafs s\u00f6gu Tryggvasonar<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e9r finnst ekki \u00f3tr\u00falegt a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 s\u00e9 stundum beygt \u00f6\u00f0ruv\u00edsi en m\u00e6lt er me\u00f0, en \u00e9g finn \u00fe\u00f3 engin d\u00e6mi um \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 prenti og a\u00f0eins tv\u00f6 d\u00e6mi \u00e1 samf\u00e9lagsmi\u00f0lum. \u00c1 <em>Hugi.is<\/em> 2002 segir: \u201eH\u00fan f\u00e9kk ekki meira \u00fev\u00ed h\u00fan drap \u00feau ekki, h\u00fan var valdur a\u00f0 dau\u00f0a \u00feeirra.\u201c \u00c1 <em>Bland.is<\/em> 2004 segir: \u201estr\u00e1kurinn minn \u00feurfti a\u00f0 fara \u00ed a\u00f0ger\u00f0 5 vikna \u00fat af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 anna\u00f0 lunga\u00f0 f\u00e9ll saman \u00fat fr\u00e1 \u00feindarl\u00f6mun sem h\u00fan var valdur af.\u201c En reyndar er umdeilanlegt hvort <em>h\u00fan var valdur a\u00f0 slysi <\/em>er rangt. \u00c1sgeir Bl\u00f6ndal Magn\u00fasson <a href=\"https:\/\/ordsifjabok.arnastofnun.is\/faersla\/21776\">segir<\/a> nefnilega \u00ed <em>\u00cdslenskri or\u00f0sifjab\u00f3k<\/em>: \u201eOr\u00f0mynd \u00feessi (<em>v. e-s<\/em>, <em>v. a\u00f0 e-u<\/em>) er oftast skilgreind sem [l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0] sem er vafasamt, \u00fear sem <em>valdur<\/em> [\u00ed merkingunni \u2018stj\u00f3rnandi, st\u00fdrir; valdandi,\u2026\u2019] h\u00e6fir samhenginu fullt eins vel [\u2026].\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Samkv\u00e6mt \u00feessu v\u00e6ri <em>valdur <\/em>nafnor\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feessu samhengi og <em>valdur einhvers <\/em>e\u00f0a <em>valdur a\u00f0 einhverju <\/em>v\u00e6ri samb\u00e6rilegt vi\u00f0 t.d. <em>h\u00f6fundur einhvers <\/em>og <em>h\u00f6fundur a\u00f0 einhverju<\/em>, e\u00f0a <em>\u00e1byrg\u00f0arma\u00f0ur einhvers <\/em>og <em>\u00e1byrg\u00f0arma\u00f0ur a\u00f0 einhverju<\/em>. \u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e1 l\u00edka benda \u00e1 a\u00f0 til er fj\u00f6ldi samsettra nafnor\u00f0a \u00fear sem <em>-valdur<\/em> er s\u00ed\u00f0ari li\u00f0ur, \u00fear \u00e1 me\u00f0al or\u00f0 eins og <em>slysavaldur<\/em> og <em>tj\u00f3nvaldur<\/em> sem merkja sama og <em>valdur a\u00f0 slysi<\/em> og <em>valdur a\u00f0 tj\u00f3ni<\/em>. En \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00fea\u00f0 kunni a\u00f0 vera r\u00e9tt hj\u00e1 \u00c1sgeiri Bl\u00f6ndal a\u00f0 <em>valdur <\/em>s\u00e9 upphaflega nafnor\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feessu samhengi er samt au\u00f0vita\u00f0 enginn vafi \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 <em>valdur <\/em>er oft \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6tt l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 og jafnvel \u00feegar \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li \u2013 \u201eEigi erum v\u00e9r \u00feessa valdir Kjartan er \u00fe\u00fa ber\u00f0 \u00e1 oss\u201c segir til d\u00e6mis \u00ed <em>Laxd\u00e6la s\u00f6gu<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Ef um nafnor\u00f0 v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a m\u00e6tti b\u00faast vi\u00f0 myndinni <em>valdar <\/em>\u00ed sta\u00f0 <em>valdir <\/em>\u2013 a.m.k. er \u00fea\u00f0 fleirtala or\u00f0sins \u00ed seinni t\u00edma m\u00e1li. \u00d3tv\u00edr\u00e6\u00f0 l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0abeyging kemur einnig fram \u00ed kvenkynsmyndum eins og \u201eH\u00fan er v\u00f6ld a\u00f0 dau\u00f0a margra sm\u00e1barna v\u00ed\u00f0a um heim\u201c \u00ed <em>Frey <\/em>1996. \u00dea\u00f0 er l\u00edka fj\u00f6ldi d\u00e6ma \u00e1 vi\u00f0 \u201eL\u00f6greglan handsama\u00f0i flj\u00f3tt mann, er h\u00fan gruna\u00f0i a\u00f0 vera valdan a\u00f0 stuldinum\u201c \u00ed <em>Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ubla\u00f0inu <\/em>1943, en engin d\u00e6mi um *<em>vera vald a\u00f0 stuldinum <\/em>sem b\u00faast m\u00e6tti vi\u00f0 ef um nafnor\u00f0 v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a. \u00de\u00e1 m\u00e1 einnig nefna or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>\u00f3valdur <\/em>sem merkir 'saklaus' og kemur fyrir \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li \u2013 \u201e\u00dea\u00f0 er eigi gott r\u00e1\u00f0 [\u2026] a\u00f0 sn\u00faa s\u00f6kum \u00e1 \u00f3valda menn\u201c segir \u00ed <em>Brennu-Nj\u00e1ls s\u00f6gu<\/em>. \u00dearna er enginn vafi \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 um l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a.<\/p>\n<p>Or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>valdur <\/em>er langalgengast \u00ed karlkyni eint\u00f6lu nefnifalli og s\u00fa mynd getur formsins vegna veri\u00f0 hvort heldur nafnor\u00f0 e\u00f0a l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 er ekkert \u00fatiloka\u00f0 a\u00f0 upphaflega s\u00e9 um nafnor\u00f0 a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a en \u00fea\u00f0 hafi s\u00ed\u00f0an veri\u00f0 endurt\u00falka\u00f0 sem l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 \u2013 en einnig er m\u00f6gulegt a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 hafi upphaflega veri\u00f0 l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 en s\u00e9 stundum t\u00falka\u00f0 sem nafnor\u00f0. \u00cd sk\u00fdringum vi\u00f0 nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>valdur <\/em>\u00ed <em>Beygingarl\u00fdsingu \u00edslensks n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/bin.arnastofnun.is\/beyging\/6410\">segir<\/a>: \u201e\u00dev\u00ed breg\u00f0ur einnig fyrir \u00ed nefnifalli \u00ed sambandinu <strong>vera\/ver\u00f0a valdur a\u00f0 e-u<\/strong>: <em>H\u00e9r var h\u00fan valdur a\u00f0 eigin s\u00e1rsauka.<\/em> \u00dearna er venjulegra a\u00f0 hafa l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0: [\u2026] <em>Konan var s\u00fdknu\u00f0 af a\u00f0 vera v\u00f6ld a\u00f0 eldsvo\u00f0a<\/em>.\u201c M\u00e9r finnst e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 l\u00edta svo \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00ed <em>h\u00fan var valdur a\u00f0 slysi <\/em>s\u00e9 <em>valdur <\/em>nafnor\u00f0 og setningin \u00fev\u00ed h\u00e1rr\u00e9tt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cd kverinu Gott m\u00e1l eftir \u00d3laf Oddsson segir: \u201eValdur a\u00f0 slysi (ekki: H\u00fan var valdur a\u00f0 slysi!) L\u00fdsingaror\u00f0i\u00f0 valdur merkir: sem veldur (einkum e-u sl\u00e6mu). \u00dea\u00f0 beygist svipa\u00f0 og or\u00f0i\u00f0 kaldur. Hann er valdur a\u00f0 slysi, h\u00fan er v\u00f6ld, \u00feeir eru valdir og \u00fe\u00e6r eru valdar a\u00f0 slysi. \u00c1 \u00feessu hafa \u00fdmsir flaska\u00f0.\u201c \u00cd n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5904","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5904","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5904"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5904\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5907,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5904\/revisions\/5907"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5904"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5904"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5904"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}