{"id":5935,"date":"2024-01-04T17:29:10","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T17:29:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=5935"},"modified":"2024-01-04T17:32:11","modified_gmt":"2024-01-04T17:32:11","slug":"fiknir-fiklar-og-fikniefni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2024\/01\/04\/fiknir-fiklar-og-fikniefni\/","title":{"rendered":"F\u00edknir, f\u00edklar og f\u00edkniefni"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kvenkynsor\u00f0i\u00f0 f\u00edkn <\/em>\u00e1 s\u00e9r r\u00e6tur \u00ed l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0inu f\u00edkinn<\/em> og s\u00f6gninni f\u00edkjast<\/em>. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 kemur fyrst fyrir<\/a> kringum 1800 en seint \u00e1 19. \u00f6ld kemur myndin f\u00edkni<\/em> einnig til<\/a>. S\u00fa mynd hefur \u00fe\u00f3 alltaf veri\u00f0 mun sjaldg\u00e6fari og kemur t\u00e6past fyrir \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li nema \u00ed samsetningum. \u00c9g kann ekki a\u00f0 sk\u00fdra tengslin milli \u00feessara tveggja mynda en \u00feau g\u00e6tu veri\u00f0 myndu\u00f0 me\u00f0 mismunandi kvenkynsvi\u00f0skeytum, -n<\/em> (eins og \u00ed s\u00f3kn<\/em>, sbr. s\u00e6kja<\/em>) og -ni<\/em> (eins og \u00ed f\u00e6lni<\/em>, af f\u00e6linn<\/em>) sem b\u00e6\u00f0i eru til \u00ed m\u00e1linu. En einnig g\u00e6tu tv\u00edmyndir \u00e1tt r\u00e6tur \u00ed mynd or\u00f0anna me\u00f0 greini sem er s\u00fa sama af b\u00e6\u00f0i f\u00edkn <\/em>og f\u00edkni<\/em>, \u00fe.e. f\u00edknin<\/em>. S\u00e9 gert r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 f\u00edkn <\/em>s\u00e9 eldri mynd er hugsanlegt a\u00f0 myndin f\u00edkni <\/em>hafi or\u00f0i\u00f0 til \u00feannig a\u00f0 f\u00edknin<\/em> hafi veri\u00f0 t\u00falka\u00f0 sem f\u00edkni<\/em>+n <\/em>\u00ed sta\u00f0 f\u00edkn<\/em>+in<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00cd \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>er f\u00edkn<\/em> sk\u00fdrt '\u00e1k\u00f6f l\u00f6ngun, sj\u00fakleg f\u00fdsn' en \u00ed \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>er sk\u00fdringin<\/a> or\u00f0in t\u00e6knilegri, ef svo m\u00e1 segja \u2013 '\u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 vera h\u00e1\u00f0ur einhverju og f\u00e1 fr\u00e1hvarfseinkenni \u00feegar \u00e1stundun e\u00f0a neyslu er h\u00e6tt, \u00e1vanabinding'. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 hefur sem s\u00e9 eiginlega veri\u00f0 gert a\u00f0 \u00ed\u00f0or\u00f0i og er komi\u00f0 inn \u00ed nokkur s\u00f6fn<\/a> \u00ed \u00cd\u00f0or\u00f0abankanum <\/em>sem samsv\u00f6run vi\u00f0 addiction<\/em> \u00ed ensku. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 vir\u00f0ist hafa fengi\u00f0 \u00feetta hlutverk \u00e1 n\u00edunda \u00e1ratugnum eins og r\u00e1\u00f0a m\u00e1 af breytingum \u00e1 t\u00ed\u00f0ni \u00feess sem j\u00f3kst mj\u00f6g \u00e1 \u00feeim t\u00edma, og ekki s\u00ed\u00f0ur af breyttri beygingarlegri heg\u00f0un. \u00deessi merkingarbreyting hefur nefnilega leitt til \u00feess a\u00f0 fari\u00f0 er a\u00f0 tala um og skilgreina margar tegundir af f\u00edkn <\/em>\u2013 sem ver\u00f0ur e\u00f0lilega margar f\u00edknir<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Fram \u00e1 n\u00edunda \u00e1ratuginn var or\u00f0i\u00f0 n\u00e6r eing\u00f6ngu nota\u00f0 \u00ed eint\u00f6lu. \u00c9g hef a\u00f0eins rekist \u00e1 fj\u00f6gur d\u00e6mi um fleirt\u00f6lumyndir \u00feess fyrir 1985, \u00fea\u00f0 elsta \u00ed Hauki <\/em>1898: \u201e\u00feeir \u00fevert \u00e1 m\u00f3ti, me\u00f0 hinum d\u00fdrslegu f\u00edknum s\u00ednum, hafa algerlega afm\u00e1\u00f0 rjett sinn til \u00feess, a\u00f0 byggja heiminn.\u201c \u00cdslensk or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>gerir ekki r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu og eing\u00f6ngu eint\u00f6lubeyging er gefin \u00ed Beygingarl\u00fdsingu \u00edslensks n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls<\/span><\/em>. En \u00e1ri\u00f0 1985 eru nokkur d\u00e6mi um fleirt\u00f6lu or\u00f0sins \u00ed bl\u00f6\u00f0um, og \u00feeim fer \u00f6rt fj\u00f6lgandi upp fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed. \u00cd Risam\u00e1lheildinni <\/em>er \u00e1 \u00e1ttunda hundra\u00f0 d\u00e6ma um fleirt\u00f6lumyndir or\u00f0sins og f\u00e1um kemur n\u00fa til hugar a\u00f0 gera athugasemdir vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0, \u00fe\u00f3tt M\u00e1lfarsbankinn <\/em>segi<\/a> reyndar: \u201eEkki er m\u00e6lt me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 nota nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 f\u00edkn<\/strong> \u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Fleiri m\u00e1lfarslegar n\u00fdjungar tengjast or\u00f0unum f\u00edkinn <\/em>og f\u00edkn<\/em>. \u00cd \u00fe\u00e6ttinum \u201e\u00cdslenskt m\u00e1l\u201c \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1979 birti G\u00edsli J\u00f3nsson br\u00e9f fr\u00e1 Her\u00f0i J\u00f3nassyni \u00e1 H\u00f6fn \u00fear sem segir<\/a>: \u201e[M]\u00e9r fannst or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u201ed\u00f3pisti\u201c lj\u00f3tt og sj\u00e1lfsagt ekki \u00edslenskt og einnig a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 eiturlyfjaneytandi er ekki n\u00f3gu miki\u00f0 nota\u00f0 og fannst m\u00e9r \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 f\u00edkill<\/strong> g\u00e6ti \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feessu tilefni. \u00deetta er \u00ed \u00e6tt vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 vera f\u00edkinn \u00ed eitthva\u00f0.\u201c \u00deetta er elsta d\u00e6mi sem \u00e9g finn um or\u00f0i\u00f0 og tv\u00f6 n\u00e6stu d\u00e6mi um \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 t\u00edmarit.is <\/em>eru einnig \u00far \u00fe\u00e1ttum G\u00edsla, 1980 og 1984, \u00fear sem hann er a\u00f0 hnykkja \u00e1 \u00feessu or\u00f0i. En 1985 koma nokkur d\u00e6mi og upp \u00far \u00fev\u00ed fj\u00f6lgar \u00feeim \u00f6rt, r\u00e9tt eins og fleirt\u00f6lumyndum or\u00f0sins f\u00edkn<\/em>. N\u00fa er or\u00f0i\u00f0 g\u00edfurlega algengt \u2013 yfir 19 \u00fe\u00fasund d\u00e6mi eru um \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed Risam\u00e1lheildinni<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00cd samsetningum er myndin f\u00edkn <\/em>ekki notu\u00f0 heldur hli\u00f0armyndin f\u00edkni <\/em>eins og \u00e1\u00f0ur er nefnt, enda eru or\u00f0 sem enda \u00e1 samhlj\u00f3\u00f0aklasa eins og kn<\/em> mun stir\u00f0ari \u00ed samsetningum. Elsta samsetningin vir\u00f0ist vera f\u00edknilyf<\/em> en elsta d\u00e6mi\u00f0 um \u00fea\u00f0 or\u00f0 er \u00ed yfirliti um v\u00e6ntanleg fr\u00e6\u00f0sluerindi H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands \u00ed Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ubla\u00f0inu <\/em>1966 \u2013 erindi \u00deorkels J\u00f3hannessonar heitir \u201eUm f\u00edknilyf\u201c. \u00c1\u00f0ur haf\u00f0i oftast veri\u00f0 tala\u00f0 um eiturlyf <\/em>og \u00fev\u00ed ekki \u00f3e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 b\u00fain s\u00e9 til samsetning me\u00f0 -lyf <\/em>en l\u00edklega hefur vi\u00f0 n\u00e1nari athugun \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00f3heppilegt a\u00f0 nota \u00fea\u00f0 or\u00f0 og \u00fev\u00ed var fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 nota or\u00f0i\u00f0 f\u00edkniefni <\/em>\u00ed sta\u00f0inn \u2013 elsta d\u00e6mi um \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00ed Heilbrig\u00f0issk\u00fdrslum <\/em>1969 \u00fear sem v\u00edsa\u00f0 er \u00ed \u201eRegluger\u00f0 [\u2026] um \u00e1vana- og f\u00edkniefni\u201c. \u00dea\u00f0 or\u00f0 var\u00f0 flj\u00f3tt yfirgn\u00e6fandi en f\u00edknilyf <\/em>hefur a\u00f0 mestu horfi\u00f0.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kvenkynsor\u00f0i\u00f0 f\u00edkn \u00e1 s\u00e9r r\u00e6tur \u00ed l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0inu f\u00edkinn og s\u00f6gninni f\u00edkjast. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 kemur fyrst fyrir kringum 1800 en seint \u00e1 19. \u00f6ld kemur myndin f\u00edkni einnig til. S\u00fa mynd hefur \u00fe\u00f3 alltaf veri\u00f0 mun sjaldg\u00e6fari og kemur t\u00e6past fyrir \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li nema \u00ed samsetningum. \u00c9g kann ekki a\u00f0 sk\u00fdra tengslin milli \u00feessara tveggja mynda en […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5935","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5935","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5935"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5935\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5937,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5935\/revisions\/5937"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5935"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5935"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5935"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}