{"id":5956,"date":"2024-01-09T17:42:58","date_gmt":"2024-01-09T17:42:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=5956"},"modified":"2024-01-09T22:22:45","modified_gmt":"2024-01-09T22:22:45","slug":"stafa-malbreytingar-af-leti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2024\/01\/09\/stafa-malbreytingar-af-leti\/","title":{"rendered":"Stafa m\u00e1lbreytingar af leti?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cd g\u00e6r var h\u00e9r minnst \u00e1 tiltekna m\u00e1lbreytingu \u00fear sem sm\u00e1or\u00f0i er sleppt \u00far samtengingu og h\u00fan \u00fear me\u00f0 stytt. \u00cd umr\u00e6\u00f0um var \u00feess geti\u00f0 til a\u00f0 \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a breytingarinnar v\u00e6ri leti<\/strong> \u2013 hugmyndin er \u00fe\u00e1 v\u00e6ntanlega s\u00fa a\u00f0 m\u00e1lnotendur nenni ekki a\u00f0 nota lengri og eldri ger\u00f0 samtengingarinnar og stytti hana \u00feess vegna. \u00deetta er sannarlega ekki \u00ed fyrsta e\u00f0a eina skipti sem m\u00e1lbreytingar hafa veri\u00f0 taldar stafa af leti \u2013 um \u00fea\u00f0 m\u00e1 finna \u00f3tal d\u00e6mi \u00ed skrifum fr\u00e1 19. \u00f6ld og til \u00feessa dags. \u00deessi hugmynd kemur l\u00edka fram \u00ed or\u00f0um eins og latm\u00e6li <\/em>sem 271 d\u00e6mi er um \u00e1 t\u00edmarit.is<\/em>, \u00fea\u00f0 elsta fr\u00e1 1884 en \u00fea\u00f0 yngsta fr\u00e1 2019; latm\u00e6lgi <\/em>sem 58 d\u00e6mi eru um, \u00fea\u00f0 elsta fr\u00e1 1916 en \u00fea\u00f0 yngsta fr\u00e1 2014; og m\u00e1lleti<\/em> sem 25 d\u00e6mi eru um, \u00fea\u00f0 elsta fr\u00e1 1911 en \u00fea\u00f0 yngsta fr\u00e1 2002.<\/p>\n

\u00deegar sko\u00f0a\u00f0 er \u00ed hverju hi\u00f0 meinta latm\u00e6li <\/em>er tali\u00f0 felast kemur margt \u00ed lj\u00f3s. \u00deannig er Steinasta\u00f0ir <\/em>tali\u00f0 latm\u00e6li fyrir<\/a> Stein\u00f3lfssta\u00f0ir<\/em>, kv\u00f6ld <\/em>fyrir<\/a> kveld<\/em> e\u00f0a hv\u00edld<\/em>, Skoradals-<\/em> fyrir<\/a> Skorradals-<\/em>, s\u00e6li n\u00fa <\/em>fyrir<\/a> s\u00e6lir n\u00fa<\/em>, Olgeir <\/em>fyrir<\/a> Holgeir <\/em>e\u00f0a H\u00f3lmgeir<\/em>, attur <\/em>og ettir <\/em>fyrir<\/a> aftur <\/em>og eftir<\/em>, Effersey<\/em> fyrir<\/a> \u00d6rfirisey<\/em>, skifti <\/em>fyrir<\/a> skipti<\/em>, \u00e1 sta\u00f0 <\/em>fyrir<\/a> af sta\u00f0<\/em>, Egla <\/em>og Grettla <\/em>fyrir<\/a> Egils saga <\/em>og Grettis saga<\/em>, \u00f6\u00f0li <\/em>fyrir<\/a> r\u00f6\u00f0li<\/em>, Rifkelssta\u00f0ir <\/em>fyrir<\/a> Hripkelssta\u00f0ir<\/em>, fjalla<\/em> fyrir<\/a> fjatla<\/em>, netager\u00f0 <\/em>fyrir<\/a> netjager\u00f0<\/em>, daginn<\/em>, bless <\/em>og g\u00famorin <\/em>fyrir<\/a> s\u00e6ll vertu <\/em>og vertu s\u00e6ll<\/em>, hur\u00f0ar\u00e1s <\/em>fyrir<\/a> bur\u00f0ar\u00e1s<\/em>, Reyggjavigg <\/em>og Agureyri <\/em>fyrir<\/a> Reykjav\u00edk <\/em>og Akureyri<\/em>, uppg\u00f6fga <\/em>fyrir<\/a> uppg\u00f6tva<\/em>, Normannar <\/em>fyrir<\/a> Nor\u00f0menn<\/em>, pilsonum <\/em>fyrir<\/a> pilsunum<\/em>, Holt <\/em>fyrir<\/a> \u00dej\u00f3rs\u00e1rholt<\/em>, o.s.frv.<\/p>\n

H\u00e9r eru b\u00fdsna blanda\u00f0ir r\u00e9ttir \u00e1 bor\u00f0um og sk\u00fdringarnar mis\u00e1rei\u00f0anlegar, og svipu\u00f0 d\u00e6mi m\u00e6tti taka um or\u00f0in latm\u00e6lgi<\/em> og m\u00e1lleti<\/em> \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0arnefnda hafi oft almenna v\u00edsun frekar en tengjast einst\u00f6kum atri\u00f0um. En fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed fyrir mi\u00f0ja 20. \u00f6ld eru or\u00f0in latm\u00e6li <\/em>og latm\u00e6lgi <\/em>\u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0allega notu\u00f0 um frambur\u00f0: \u201e\u00dea\u00f0 er hi\u00f0 sunnlenzka latm\u00e6li, \u00feegar p, t, k ver\u00f0ur b, d, g milli s\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0a og \u00ed enda or\u00f0s eftir l\u00f6ngu s\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0i\u201c segir<\/a> Stef\u00e1n Einarsson \u00ed Studia Islandica <\/em>1949. \u201eLatm\u00e6li, fl\u00e1m\u00e6li, linm\u00e6li og hvers kyns \u00f3f\u00f6gnu\u00f0ur ve\u00f0ur uppi, svo a\u00f0 \u00f3sk\u00f6p eru \u00e1 a\u00f0 hl\u00fd\u00f0a\u201c segir<\/a> Steind\u00f3r Steind\u00f3rsson \u00ed Heima er bezt <\/em>1960. Stundum vir\u00f0ist linm\u00e6li <\/em>nota\u00f0 sem samheiti vi\u00f0 latm\u00e6li <\/em>en annars sta\u00f0ar vir\u00f0ist ger\u00f0ur einhver munur \u00e1 \u00feessu, en \u00f3lj\u00f3st er hver hann er talinn.<\/p>\n

Vissulega m\u00e1 segja a\u00f0 margar m\u00e1lbreytingar komi fram \u00ed einfaldari starfsemi talf\u00e6ranna \u2013 saml\u00f6gun hlj\u00f3\u00f0a, brottfall hlj\u00f3\u00f0a og atkv\u00e6\u00f0a \u00far or\u00f0um, brottfall or\u00f0a \u00far or\u00f0asamb\u00f6ndum o.fl. Me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 kenna \u00feetta vi\u00f0 leti <\/em>sem \u00feykir almennt neikv\u00e6\u00f0ur eiginleiki er vitanlega veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 l\u00fdsa van\u00fe\u00f3knun \u00e1 \u00feessum breytingum. En eins er h\u00e6gt \u2013 og miklu n\u00e6r \u2013 a\u00f0 l\u00fdsa \u00feeim \u00e1 j\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0an h\u00e1tt sem vinnusparna\u00f0i og hagr\u00e6\u00f0ingu. \u00dev\u00ed fer l\u00edka fjarri a\u00f0 allar m\u00e1lbreytingar sem kenndar hafa veri\u00f0 vi\u00f0 leti felist \u00ed einhverri einf\u00f6ldun. Til d\u00e6mis bendir ekkert til a\u00f0 \u201elatm\u00e6li\u201c eins og frambur\u00f0ur \u00f3fr\u00e1bl\u00e1sinna lokhlj\u00f3\u00f0a \u00ed innst\u00f6\u00f0u \u00ed or\u00f0um \u00e1 vi\u00f0 hopa<\/em>, vita<\/em>, loka <\/em>s\u00e9 \u00e1 nokkurn h\u00e1tt einfaldari e\u00f0a krefjist minni \u00e1reynslu e\u00f0a orku en frambur\u00f0ur fr\u00e1bl\u00e1sinna lokhlj\u00f3\u00f0a.<\/p>\n

\u00c1 \u00e1runum 600-800 t\u00f3k \u00e6ttm\u00f3\u00f0ir \u00edslenskunnar, frumnorr\u00e6na, miklum breytingum. Mesta breytingin var hi\u00f0 svonefnda st\u00f3rabrottfall<\/a>, sem f\u00f3lst \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00f6ll stutt, \u00e1herslulaus, \u00f3nefkve\u00f0in s\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0 f\u00e9llu brott. Eitthvert r\u00f3tt\u00e6kasta d\u00e6mi\u00f0 um \u00feetta er a\u00f0 \u00far or\u00f0inu harabanaR <\/em>f\u00e9llu brott hvorki meira n\u00e9 minna en \u00ferj\u00fa s\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0 \u2013 or\u00f0i\u00f0 styttist um \u00feri\u00f0jung, f\u00f3r \u00far n\u00edu hlj\u00f3\u00f0um \u00ed sex og var\u00f0 hrafnr<\/em>, og styttist s\u00ed\u00f0ar enn \u00feegar -r <\/em>f\u00e9ll brott \u00ed enda \u00feess og til var\u00f0 n\u00fat\u00edmamyndin hrafn<\/em>. \u00der\u00e1tt fyrir \u00fea\u00f0 hefur aldrei t\u00ed\u00f0kast a\u00f0 rekja \u00feetta brottfall til leti forfe\u00f0ra okkar og form\u00e6\u00f0ra \u00fearna \u00ed a\u00f0draganda v\u00edkingat\u00edmans, enda v\u00e6ri \u00fea\u00f0 fr\u00e1leitt. En jafn fr\u00e1leitt er a\u00f0 kenna m\u00e1lbreytingar \u00ed samt\u00edmanum vi\u00f0 leti. \u00ddmislegt \u00f3\u00e6skilegt \u00e1 r\u00f3t s\u00edna \u00ed leti, en ekki m\u00e1lbreytingar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cd g\u00e6r var h\u00e9r minnst \u00e1 tiltekna m\u00e1lbreytingu \u00fear sem sm\u00e1or\u00f0i er sleppt \u00far samtengingu og h\u00fan \u00fear me\u00f0 stytt. \u00cd umr\u00e6\u00f0um var \u00feess geti\u00f0 til a\u00f0 \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a breytingarinnar v\u00e6ri leti \u2013 hugmyndin er \u00fe\u00e1 v\u00e6ntanlega s\u00fa a\u00f0 m\u00e1lnotendur nenni ekki a\u00f0 nota lengri og eldri ger\u00f0 samtengingarinnar og stytti hana \u00feess vegna. \u00deetta er […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5956","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5956","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5956"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5956\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5960,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5956\/revisions\/5960"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5956"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5956"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}