{"id":6040,"date":"2024-02-10T14:36:11","date_gmt":"2024-02-10T14:36:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=6040"},"modified":"2024-02-10T14:36:11","modified_gmt":"2024-02-10T14:36:11","slug":"hvad-er-islenskt-ord","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2024\/02\/10\/hvad-er-islenskt-ord\/","title":{"rendered":"Hva\u00f0 er \u00edslenskt or\u00f0?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cd morgun var h\u00e9r spurt hvort computer says no <\/em>v\u00e6ri \u00edslenska. \u00deetta er \u00feekktur frasi<\/a> sem \u00e1 uppruna sinn \u00ed gaman\u00fe\u00e1ttunum Little Britain<\/em> fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed upp \u00far aldam\u00f3tum og f\u00f3lk breg\u00f0ur oft fyrir sig \u00fe\u00f3tt annars s\u00e9 veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 tala \u00edslensku. \u00cd flj\u00f3tu brag\u00f0i kann \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 vir\u00f0ast fr\u00e1leitt a\u00f0 spyrja hvort \u00feetta s\u00e9 \u00edslenska \u2013 \u00feetta er setning sem er tekin \u00ed heilu lagi \u00far ensku og \u00f6ll or\u00f0in ensk. En \u00feetta er samt gagnleg spurning \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 h\u00fan kn\u00fdr mann til a\u00f0 velta \u00fev\u00ed fyrir s\u00e9r hvernig vi\u00f0 skilgreinum \u00edslensku og \u00edslensk or\u00f0. Hva\u00f0a skilyr\u00f0i \u00fearf or\u00f0 e\u00f0a or\u00f0asamband a\u00f0 uppfylla til a\u00f0 geta talist \u00edslenska? Ef h\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 rekja or\u00f0 til frumnorr\u00e6nu er \u00fea\u00f0 \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6tt \u00edslenska, en hva\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00f6ll \u00feau or\u00f0 sem hafa b\u00e6st \u00ed m\u00e1li\u00f0 fr\u00e1 upphafi \u00cdslandsbygg\u00f0ar? Er ekkert \u00feeirra \u00edslenska?<\/p>\n

Au\u00f0vita\u00f0 v\u00e6ri fr\u00e1leitt a\u00f0 neita \u00f6llum \u00feeim or\u00f0um um a\u00f0 teljast \u00edslensk og engum dettur \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed hug. Fj\u00f6lm\u00f6rg t\u00f6kuor\u00f0 almennt hafa laga\u00f0 sig algerlega a\u00f0 hlj\u00f3\u00f0kerfi og beygingakerfi m\u00e1lsins \u2013 or\u00f0 eins og prestur<\/em>, s\u00e1pa<\/em>, b\u00edll <\/em>og \u00f3talm\u00f6rg fleiri. A\u00f0l\u00f6gun dugir \u00fe\u00f3 ekki alltaf til \u2013 or\u00f0 eins og r\u00fata<\/em> \u00fe\u00f3tti til skamms t\u00edma vafasamt<\/a> vegna uppruna s\u00edns \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00fea\u00f0 falli alveg a\u00f0 m\u00e1linu. Hins vegar nj\u00f3ta \u00fdmis t\u00f6kuor\u00f0 fullrar vi\u00f0urkenningar enda \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00feau hafi ekki laga\u00f0 sig fullkomlega a\u00f0 \u00edslensku m\u00e1lkerfi \u2013 or\u00f0 eins og biskup <\/em>\u201e\u00e6tti\u201c t.d. a\u00f0 hafa nefnifallsendingu og vera *biskupur<\/em> og nafni\u00f0 J\u00f3n <\/em>\u201e\u00e6tti\u201c a\u00f0 vera *J\u00f3nn<\/em>. Or\u00f0 eins og<\/a> b\u00ed\u00f3<\/em>, part\u00ed<\/em>, m\u00f3tor<\/em> og lager<\/em> falla ekki fullkomlega a\u00f0 \u00edslensku hlj\u00f3\u00f0kerfi en varla er samt h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 neita \u00feeim um \u00feegnr\u00e9tt \u00ed m\u00e1linu.<\/p>\n

En n\u00fd or\u00f0 koma ekki eing\u00f6ngu \u00far erlendum m\u00e1lum. \u00dea\u00f0 er s\u00edfellt veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 b\u00faa til n\u00fdyr\u00f0i sem sum hver eiga s\u00e9r beinar erlendar fyrirmyndir en \u00f6nnur ekki. Stundum eiga \u00feessi or\u00f0 s\u00e9r enga \u00e6ttingja \u00ed m\u00e1linu \u2013 eru bara hlj\u00f3\u00f0astrengur sem er gefin \u00e1kve\u00f0in merking. N\u00fdlegt d\u00e6mi um \u00fea\u00f0 er or\u00f0i\u00f0 kv\u00e1r <\/em>sem kom fram \u00ed n\u00fdyr\u00f0asamkeppni Samtakanna \u00b478 \u00e1ri\u00f0 2020 og er nota\u00f0 um kynsegin f\u00f3lk, hli\u00f0st\u00e6tt or\u00f0unum karl <\/em>og kona<\/em>. En oftast eru \u00feessi n\u00fdyr\u00f0i \u00fe\u00f3 leidd af or\u00f0um sem fyrir eru \u00ed m\u00e1linu me\u00f0 aflei\u00f0slu e\u00f0a samsetningu \u2013 d\u00e6mi um \u00fea\u00f0 eru or\u00f0in<\/a> hittingur<\/em> og<\/a> fagn<\/em> sem h\u00e9r var n\u00fdlega fjalla\u00f0 um. \u00de\u00f3tt \u00edslenskur uppruni \u00feessara or\u00f0a s\u00e9 \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6\u00f0ur dugir \u00fea\u00f0 samt ekki endilega til a\u00f0 m\u00e1lnotendur s\u00e6tti sig vi\u00f0 \u00feau \u2013 en \u00feau hlj\u00f3ta samt a\u00f0 teljast \u00edslenska.<\/p>\n

Um \u00feetta m\u00e6tti skrifa langt m\u00e1l en \u00e9g legg til a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 setjum okkur eftirfarandi vi\u00f0mi\u00f0: Frumforsenda fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hugsanlegt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 telja eitthvert or\u00f0 e\u00f0a or\u00f0asamband \u00edslenskt er a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 nota\u00f0 \u00ed setningarlegu samhengi me\u00f0 or\u00f0um sem eru \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6tt \u00edslensk.<\/strong> \u00dea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir a\u00f0 computer says no<\/em> getur ekki talist \u00edslenska vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 er heil setning \u00fear sem \u00f6ll or\u00f0in eru ensk. Aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti g\u00e6tu or\u00f0 eins og n\u00e6s<\/a><\/em>, k\u00fal<\/a><\/em>, k\u00f3s\u00ed<\/a><\/em>, beila<\/a><\/em>, \u00f3kei<\/a><\/em>, tsjilla<\/a><\/em>, f\u00f3t\u00f3sjoppa<\/a><\/em> og fj\u00f6lm\u00f6rg fleiri talist \u00edslenska samkv\u00e6mt \u00feessu vi\u00f0mi\u00f0i \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00feau falli misvel a\u00f0 m\u00e1lkerfinu \u2013 og l\u00edka or\u00f0 eins og aksj\u00faal\u00ed <\/em>og beisikl\u00ed <\/em>sem n\u00fdlega<\/a> voru h\u00e9r til umr\u00e6\u00f0u. Hvort sem okkur l\u00edkar betur e\u00f0a verr eru \u00f6ll \u00feessi or\u00f0 i\u00f0ulega notu\u00f0 \u00ed \u00edslenskum setningum innan um \u00edslensk or\u00f0.<\/p>\n

\u00c9g legg \u00e1herslu \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3tt notkun \u00ed \u00edslensku setningarsamhengi s\u00e9 a\u00f0 m\u00ednu mati forsenda fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 h\u00e6gt <\/strong>s\u00e9 a\u00f0 telja or\u00f0 \u00edslenskt \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir \u00fea\u00f0 ekki a\u00f0 sl\u00edk notkun geri <\/strong>or\u00f0i\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfkrafa \u00edslenskt. \u00dear \u00fearf fleira a\u00f0 koma til, a.m.k. nokkur hef\u00f0 \u2013 or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00fearf a\u00f0 vera komi\u00f0 \u00ed t\u00f6luver\u00f0a notkun \u00ed \u00edslensku samhengi (og svo m\u00e1 au\u00f0vita\u00f0 deila um hva\u00f0 \u201et\u00f6luver\u00f0 notkun\u201c s\u00e9). M\u00f6rgum g\u00e6ti l\u00edka fundist e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 gera kr\u00f6fu um einhverja l\u00e1gmarksa\u00f0l\u00f6gun a\u00f0 m\u00e1lkerfinu en erfitt g\u00e6ti reynst a\u00f0 n\u00e1 samst\u00f6\u00f0u um vi\u00f0mi\u00f0 \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed efni. Og svo getur m\u00e1lkerfi\u00f0 l\u00edka breyst. \u00cdslensk or\u00f0 hafa fram undir \u00feetta ekki byrja\u00f0 \u00e1 tsj-<\/em>, en hugsanlega m\u00e1 segja a\u00f0 tilkoma frambur\u00f0ar eins og tsjald <\/em>\u00e1 or\u00f0inu tjald<\/em> geri \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 verkum a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 tsjilla <\/em>brj\u00f3ti ekki endilega hlj\u00f3\u00f0skipunarreglur m\u00e1lsins.<\/p>\n

\u00c9g held sem s\u00e9 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 borin von a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 getum svara\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed eitt skipti fyrir \u00f6ll \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00f6llum l\u00edki hvort eitthvert tilteki\u00f0 or\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u00edslenskt e\u00f0a ekki. Og \u00e9g held l\u00edka a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u00ed g\u00f3\u00f0u lagi. \u00c1 endanum er \u00fea\u00f0 m\u00e1lsamf\u00e9lagi\u00f0 sem sker \u00far um \u00feetta \u2013 ef m\u00e1lnotendur vilja nota eitthvert or\u00f0 \u00ed \u00edslensku gera \u00feeir \u00fea\u00f0 og k\u00e6ra sig koll\u00f3tta um hvort \u00fea\u00f0 er kalla\u00f0 \u00edslenskt e\u00f0a ekki. H\u00e9r m\u00e1 rifja upp \u00fea\u00f0 sem Halld\u00f3r Halld\u00f3rsson pr\u00f3fessor sag\u00f0i \u00ed skilgreiningu<\/a> \u00e1 r\u00e9ttu m\u00e1li \u00ed St\u00edganda <\/em>1943: \u201e\u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e6tti \u00fev\u00ed segja, a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 eitt s\u00e9 r\u00e9tt m\u00e1l, sem hloti\u00f0 hefir \u00fe\u00e1 vi\u00f0urkenningu a\u00f0 vera r\u00e9tt m\u00e1l.\u201c Skilgreining \u00e1 \u00edslensku or\u00f0i er \u00fe\u00e1: \u201e\u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e6tti \u00fev\u00ed segja a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 eitt s\u00e9 \u00edslenskt or\u00f0 sem hloti\u00f0 hefur \u00fe\u00e1 vi\u00f0urkenningu a\u00f0 vera \u00edslenskt or\u00f0.\u201c \u00c9g held a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 komumst ekki miki\u00f0 lengra.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cd morgun var h\u00e9r spurt hvort computer says no v\u00e6ri \u00edslenska. \u00deetta er \u00feekktur frasi sem \u00e1 uppruna sinn \u00ed gaman\u00fe\u00e1ttunum Little Britain fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed upp \u00far aldam\u00f3tum og f\u00f3lk breg\u00f0ur oft fyrir sig \u00fe\u00f3tt annars s\u00e9 veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 tala \u00edslensku. \u00cd flj\u00f3tu brag\u00f0i kann \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 vir\u00f0ast fr\u00e1leitt a\u00f0 spyrja hvort \u00feetta s\u00e9 \u00edslenska […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6040","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6040","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6040"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6040\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6041,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6040\/revisions\/6041"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6040"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6040"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6040"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}