{"id":6070,"date":"2024-02-18T22:11:41","date_gmt":"2024-02-18T22:11:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=6070"},"modified":"2024-02-18T22:11:41","modified_gmt":"2024-02-18T22:11:41","slug":"vonlaus-akvordun-ad-taka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2024\/02\/18\/vonlaus-akvordun-ad-taka\/","title":{"rendered":"Vonlaus \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un a\u00f0 taka"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Um daginn rakst \u00e9g \u00e1 setninguna \u201e\u00deetta er vonlaus \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un a\u00f0 taka\u201c \u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mbl.is\/frettir\/innlent\/2024\/02\/16\/hver_aetlar_ad_sja_um_husid_mitt\/\">fr\u00e9tt<\/a> \u00e1 <em>mbl.is<\/em> og staldra\u00f0i vi\u00f0, \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00feessi setningager\u00f0 s\u00e9st ekki \u00fdkja oft \u00e1 prenti \u00fe\u00f3tt h\u00fan s\u00e9 vissulega vel \u00feekkt. \u00dearna er sem s\u00e9 merkingarlegt andlag (<em>vonlaus \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un<\/em>) sagnar (<em>taka<\/em>) haft \u00e1 undan s\u00f6gninni og \u00ed nefnifalli, \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed hva\u00f0a falli s\u00f6gnin st\u00fdrir annars \u2013 ef andlagi\u00f0 k\u00e6mi \u00e1 eftir v\u00e6ri \u00feetta <em>taka vonlausa \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un <\/em>\u00ed \u00feolfalli. Skyld \u00feessu er setningager\u00f0 sem t.d. kemur fram \u00ed <em>Pressunni <\/em>2018, \u201e\u00deessi \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un var ekki erfi\u00f0 a\u00f0 taka\u201c, \u00ed sta\u00f0 <em>\u00fea\u00f0 var ekki erfitt a\u00f0 taka \u00feessa \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un<\/em>. \u00deessi setningager\u00f0 er vel \u00feekkt \u00ed ensku og gengur \u00fear undir nafninu \u201e<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tough_movement\">tough movement<\/a><\/em>\u201c, kennd vi\u00f0 l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>tough <\/em>sem er mj\u00f6g algengt \u00ed sl\u00edkum setningum \u2013 <em>this decision was tough to make<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>En sl\u00edkar setningar eru ekki allra, og vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 vita\u00f0 er a\u00f0 tilfinning f\u00f3lks fyrir \u00feessari setningager\u00f0 er mismunandi hefur veri\u00f0 spurt um hana \u00ed tveimur vi\u00f0amiklum ranns\u00f3knum \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1rum. \u00cd ritinu <em>Tilbrig\u00f0i \u00ed \u00edslenskri setningager\u00f0 <\/em>er greint fr\u00e1 ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0um \u00far samnefndri ranns\u00f3kn sem H\u00f6skuldur \u00der\u00e1insson st\u00fdr\u00f0i fyrir t\u00e6pum 20 \u00e1rum. \u00cd \u00f6\u00f0ru bindi ritsins kemur fram a\u00f0 \u00ed \u00edslensku eru setningar af \u00feessu tagi algengastar me\u00f0 l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0unum <em>erfi\u00f0ur <\/em>og <em>au\u00f0veldur<\/em>, r\u00e9tt eins og me\u00f0 samsvarandi or\u00f0um \u00ed ensku. \u00dear er sagt fr\u00e1 mati m\u00e1lnotenda \u00e1 setningunum <em>\u00deess vegna eru st\u00f3larnir mj\u00f6g au\u00f0veldir a\u00f0 \u00fer\u00edfa<\/em> og <em>\u00de\u00e6r eru svo au\u00f0veldar a\u00f0 lesa<\/em>. R\u00e9tt r\u00famur helmingur a\u00f0spur\u00f0ra hafna\u00f0i fyrri setningunni en um \u00feri\u00f0jungur \u00feeirri seinni.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cd ranns\u00f3kninni \u201eGreining \u00e1 m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegum aflei\u00f0ingum stafr\u00e6ns m\u00e1lsamb\u00fdlis\u201c sem vi\u00f0 Sigr\u00ed\u00f0ur Sigurj\u00f3nsd\u00f3ttir stj\u00f3rnu\u00f0um fyrir nokkrum \u00e1rum var spurt um mat \u00e1 fj\u00f3rum setningum af \u00feessu tagi: <em>Greinarnar voru vel skrifa\u00f0ar. \u00de\u00e6r voru <strong>au\u00f0veldar a\u00f0 lesa<\/strong>. Textarnir innih\u00e9ldu erfi\u00f0 or\u00f0. \u00deeir voru <strong>fl\u00f3knir a\u00f0 skilja<\/strong>. \u00deessi r\u00e9ttur var fr\u00e1b\u00e6r. Hann var <strong>einfaldur a\u00f0 elda<\/strong>.<\/em> <em>Gu\u00f0r\u00fan keypti n\u00fdjan d\u00fak. Hann er <strong>erfi\u00f0ur a\u00f0 \u00fer\u00edfa<\/strong>. <\/em>Svarendur voru \u00e1 aldrinum fr\u00e1 \u00ferett\u00e1n \u00e1ra og til r\u00famlega n\u00edr\u00e6\u00f0s. Um og r\u00e9tt yfir 40% \u00feeirra s\u00f6g\u00f0u a\u00f0 \u00ferj\u00e1r fyrstu setningarnar v\u00e6ru frekar e\u00f0a alveg e\u00f0lilegar, en a\u00f0eins r\u00fam 20% s\u00f6g\u00f0u \u00fea\u00f0 sama um \u00fe\u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu. Hlutfalli\u00f0 var heldur h\u00e6rra hj\u00e1 f\u00f3lki undir tv\u00edtugu en l\u00e6gra hj\u00e1 elstu h\u00f3punum en aldursmunur var \u00fe\u00f3 tilt\u00f6lulega l\u00edtill.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9g hef\u00f0i a\u00f0 \u00f3reyndu tali\u00f0 a\u00f0 mismunandi mat m\u00e1lnotenda \u00e1 \u00feessari setningager\u00f0 benti til \u00feess a\u00f0 h\u00fan v\u00e6ri tilt\u00f6lulega n\u00fd \u00ed m\u00e1linu og ekki \u00f3l\u00edklega tilkomin fyrir ensk \u00e1hrif. En vi\u00f0 n\u00e1nari athugun reynist svo ekki vera, heldur m\u00e1 rekja setningager\u00f0ina a.m.k. til 19. aldar. \u00cd <em>Skuld <\/em>1878 segir t.d.: \u201eH\u00fan er au\u00f0veld a\u00f0 skilja og s\u00fdnist vera s\u00e9rlega vel sni\u00f0in eftir \u00fe\u00f6rfum \u00feeirra, sem h\u00fan er \u00e6tlu\u00f0.\u201c \u00cd <em>T\u00edmariti hins \u00edslenzka b\u00f3kmentaf\u00e9lags <\/em>1885 segir: \u201esum eru mj\u00f6g erfi\u00f0 a\u00f0 lesa, af \u00fev\u00ed af handriti\u00f0 er or\u00f0i\u00f0 skadda\u00f0, og \u00f6ll eru \u00feau meira og minna seinleg a\u00f0 lesa.\u201c \u00cd <em>B\u00fana\u00f0arritinu <\/em>1899 segir: \u201eHann \u00fer\u00edfst vel, \u00fe\u00f3tt j\u00f6r\u00f0 sje eigi feit, au\u00f0veldur a\u00f0 gr\u00f3\u00f0ursetja, og vex skj\u00f3tt.\u201c \u00cd <em>\u00dej\u00f3\u00f0\u00f3lfi <\/em>1903 segir: \u201e\u00edtalskan er hlj\u00f3mf\u00f6gur og au\u00f0veld a\u00f0 bera fram.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Fj\u00f6lm\u00f6rg hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0 d\u00e6mi fr\u00e1 allri 20. \u00f6ld m\u00e1 finna, og d\u00e6mi n\u00e1kv\u00e6mlega hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0 setningunni \u201e\u00deetta er vonlaus \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un a\u00f0 taka\u201c sem vitna\u00f0 var til \u00ed upphafi eru ekki heldur n\u00fd \u2013 \u00ed <em>V\u00edsi <\/em>1964 segir: \u201e\u00deetta er erfi\u00f0 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un a\u00f0 taka.\u201c \u00cd <em>V\u00edsi <\/em>1976 segir: \u201e\u00dea\u00f0 er samt ekki au\u00f0veld \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un a\u00f0 taka.\u201c \u00cd <em>T\u00edmanum <\/em>1981 segir: \u201e\u00deetta var ekki au\u00f0veld \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un a\u00f0 taka fyrir Indiru Gandhi og r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rn hennar.\u201c \u00cd <em>Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1982 segir: \u201e\u00deetta er erfi\u00f0 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un a\u00f0 taka \u00ed tv\u00edmenningi.\u201c \u00cd <em>Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1983 segir: \u201e\u00c9g vil byrja \u00e1 a\u00f0 segja a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 var ekki au\u00f0veld \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un a\u00f0 taka, a\u00f0 segja \u00f6llu s\u00ednu f\u00f3lki upp.\u201c \u00cd <em>DV <\/em>1986 segir: \u201e\u00deetta var au\u00f0vita\u00f0 mj\u00f6g erfi\u00f0 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un a\u00f0 taka, a\u00f0 r\u00edfa sig upp me\u00f0 \u00ferj\u00fa b\u00f6rn og flytjast til Bandar\u00edkjanna.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>\u00dea\u00f0 er ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 leita a\u00f0 \u00e1kve\u00f0num setningager\u00f0um \u00ed rafr\u00e6num textum heldur ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 tengja leitina vi\u00f0 tiltekin or\u00f0 og \u00feess vegna er tr\u00falegt a\u00f0 mun fleiri og fj\u00f6lbreyttari d\u00e6mi, og e.t.v. eldri, s\u00e9 \u00ed raun a\u00f0 finna \u00ed textunum en \u00feau sem \u00e9g hef rekist \u00e1. En \u00feetta er mj\u00f6g \u00e1hugavert d\u00e6mi um setningager\u00f0 sem er g\u00f6mul \u00ed m\u00e1linu og hefur lifa\u00f0 \u00ed a.m.k. h\u00e1lfa a\u00f0ra \u00f6ld \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a hluti af m\u00e1lkerfi nema sumra m\u00e1lnotenda \u2013 fr\u00e1 r\u00famlega 40 og upp \u00ed n\u00e6rri 70% \u00feeirra finnst sl\u00edkar setningar frekar e\u00f0a mj\u00f6g \u00f3e\u00f0lilegar. \u00a0\u00dea\u00f0 hef\u00f0i m\u00e1tt b\u00faast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 setningager\u00f0in anna\u00f0hvort logna\u00f0ist sm\u00e1tt og sm\u00e1tt \u00fat af e\u00f0a n\u00e6\u00f0i til alls m\u00e1lsamf\u00e9lagsins, en e.t.v. hafa l\u00edkindi vi\u00f0 ensku komi\u00f0 \u00f3or\u00f0i \u00e1 hana \u00ed seinni t\u00ed\u00f0. \u00deetta \u00fearfnast \u00fe\u00f3 mun \u00edtarlegri ranns\u00f3knar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Um daginn rakst \u00e9g \u00e1 setninguna \u201e\u00deetta er vonlaus \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un a\u00f0 taka\u201c \u00ed fr\u00e9tt \u00e1 mbl.is og staldra\u00f0i vi\u00f0, \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00feessi setningager\u00f0 s\u00e9st ekki \u00fdkja oft \u00e1 prenti \u00fe\u00f3tt h\u00fan s\u00e9 vissulega vel \u00feekkt. \u00dearna er sem s\u00e9 merkingarlegt andlag (vonlaus \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un) sagnar (taka) haft \u00e1 undan s\u00f6gninni og \u00ed nefnifalli, \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed hva\u00f0a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6070","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6070","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6070"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6070\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6071,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6070\/revisions\/6071"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6070"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6070"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6070"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}