{"id":6092,"date":"2024-02-22T11:32:23","date_gmt":"2024-02-22T11:32:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=6092"},"modified":"2024-02-23T12:05:40","modified_gmt":"2024-02-23T12:05:40","slug":"busetuurraedi-og-lokud-busetuurraedi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2024\/02\/22\/busetuurraedi-og-lokud-busetuurraedi\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00fasetu\u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i \u2013 og loku\u00f0 b\u00fasetu\u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i <\/em>er gamalt \u00ed m\u00e1linu \u2013 kemur fyrir \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed myndinni<\/a> \u00f3rr\u00e6\u00f0i <\/em>og<\/a> \u00f3rr\u00e1\u00f0<\/em>. Yfirleitt v\u00edsar \u00fea\u00f0 til lausnar einhvers vanda, \u00fatlei\u00f0ar \u2013 'm\u00f6guleiki til \u00farlausnar, kostur' segir<\/a> \u00ed \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em>. Oft er \u00fe\u00f3 frekar veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 velja milli vondra kosta en g\u00f3\u00f0ra eins og t\u00ed\u00f0ni samsetningarinnar ney\u00f0ar\u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i <\/em>gefur v\u00edsbendingu um. Fyrir r\u00famum 30 \u00e1rum var fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 nota samsetninguna b\u00fasetu\u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i <\/em>\u2013 elsta d\u00e6mi sem \u00e9g finn um \u00fea\u00f0 or\u00f0 er \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1992: \u201eN\u00fa eru miklir fj\u00e1rmunir settir \u00ed uppbyggingu \u00e1 endurh\u00e6fingar\u00fej\u00f3nustu, sem g\u00e6ti veri\u00f0 \u00e1 K\u00f3pavogsh\u00e6li me\u00f0 litlum tilkostna\u00f0i, og \u00fe\u00e1 fj\u00e1rmuni, sem vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 sp\u00f6ru\u00f0ust, m\u00e6tti nota til a\u00f0 byggja upp samb\u00fdli og kosta \u00f6nnur b\u00fasetu\u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i fyrir \u00edb\u00faa h\u00e6lisins.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u00cd \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>er b\u00fasetu\u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i <\/em>sk\u00fdrt<\/a> '\u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i til a\u00f0 \u00fatvega \u00e1kve\u00f0num h\u00f3pi h\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0i' og s\u00fa sk\u00fdring g\u00e6ti \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 \u00feetta d\u00e6mi og tv\u00f6 \u00feau n\u00e6stu sem einnig eru \u00far \u00a0Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>sama \u00e1r: \u201eSt\u00f3rar stofnanir eru a\u00f0 leggjast af og l\u00edtil heimili og \u00edb\u00fa\u00f0ir taka vi\u00f0 sem b\u00fasetu\u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i\u201c og \u201eEngin b\u00fasetu\u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i eru til fyrir \u00feennan h\u00f3p\u201c. En s\u00ed\u00f0la \u00e1rsins 1992 segir \u00ed Degi<\/em>: \u201eVernda\u00f0 b\u00fasetu\u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i mundi minnka \u00fe\u00f6rf f\u00f3lksins fyrir sj\u00fakrah\u00fassvist.\u201c H\u00e9r er lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 v\u00edsar beinl\u00ednis til \u00e1kve\u00f0ins sta\u00f0ar e\u00f0a h\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0is fremur en til m\u00f6guleika e\u00f0a kosts og \u00feannig hefur or\u00f0i\u00f0 oftast veri\u00f0 nota\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0an eins og t.d. er sk\u00fdrt \u00ed Sveitarstj\u00f3rnarm\u00e1lum <\/em>1999: \u201e\u00dea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir m.a. a\u00f0 bi\u00f0listi eftir b\u00fasetu\u00farr\u00e6\u00f0um muni tv\u00f6faldast \u00e1 n\u00e6stu fimm \u00e1rum.\u201c<\/p>\n

Or\u00f0i\u00f0 b\u00fasetu\u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i <\/em>merkir \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed raun yfirleitt 'heimili', eiginlega 'heimili fyrir f\u00f3lk sem er \u00ed vi\u00f0kv\u00e6mri st\u00f6\u00f0u' \u2013 fatla\u00f0, aldra\u00f0, h\u00e1\u00f0 f\u00edkniefnum o.fl. \u00deetta s\u00e9st \u00e1 d\u00e6mum eins og \u201eHann fluttist svo \u00e1 Nj\u00e1lsg\u00f6tu 74 sem er b\u00fasetu\u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i \u00e1 vegum Reykjav\u00edkurborgar\u201c \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2020 og \u201eStundum n\u00e6gja uppl\u00fdsingar og fr\u00e6\u00f0sla um m\u00e1laflokkinn til a\u00f0 r\u00f3a \u00fe\u00e1 sem bera kv\u00ed\u00f0boga fyrir a\u00f0 f\u00e1 \u00feetta n\u00fdja b\u00fasetu\u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed hverfi\u00f0 sitt\u201c \u00ed Fr\u00e9ttabla\u00f0inu <\/em>sama \u00e1r. Oft er \u00fearna samt um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a h\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0i e\u00f0a a\u00f0st\u00f6\u00f0u sem stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld \u2013 en \u00feetta er yfirleitt \u00e1 vegum \u00feeirra \u2013 vir\u00f0ast veigra s\u00e9r vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 kalla heimili <\/em>vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fear skortir oft \u00fdmislegt sem einkennir d\u00e6miger\u00f0 heimili svo sem einkar\u00fdmi, auk \u00feess sem m\u00f6rg b\u00fasetu\u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i <\/em>eru \u00ed b\u00e1gbornu \u00e1standi.<\/p>\n

N\u00fdlega hefur svo b\u00e6st vi\u00f0 sambandi\u00f0 loka\u00f0 b\u00fasetu\u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/em>. \u00dea\u00f0 vir\u00f0ist fyrst hafa komi\u00f0 fram \u00ed greinarger\u00f0 me\u00f0 frumvarpi<\/a> til laga um breytingu \u00e1 l\u00f6gum um \u00fatlendinga sem d\u00f3msm\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0herra lag\u00f0i fram \u00e1 Al\u00feingi vori\u00f0 2022: \u201eAnnars sta\u00f0ar \u00e1 Nor\u00f0url\u00f6ndum eru einnig rekin svok\u00f6llu\u00f0 loku\u00f0 b\u00fasetu\u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i (e. detention center) sem \u00e6tlu\u00f0 eru til vistunar fyrir r\u00edkisborgara \u00feri\u00f0ja r\u00edkis sem eru \u00ed \u00f3l\u00f6gm\u00e6tri dv\u00f6l [\u2026].\u201c \u00cd Merriam-Webster <\/em>or\u00f0ab\u00f3kinni er detention center <\/em>vissulega sk\u00fdrt<\/a> 'a place where people who have entered a country illegally are kept for a period of time' e\u00f0a 'sta\u00f0ur \u00fear sem f\u00f3lk sem hefur komi\u00f0 \u00f3l\u00f6glega inn \u00ed land er vista\u00f0 um t\u00edma'. En enska or\u00f0i\u00f0 detention <\/em>v\u00edsar \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6tt til frelsissker\u00f0ingar \u2013 e\u00f0lilegasta \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ing \u00feess \u00e1 \u00edslensku er var\u00f0hald<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed mj\u00f6g s\u00e9rkennilegt a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0a detention center <\/em>sem loka\u00f0 b\u00fasetu\u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/em> sem skilgreint er sem \u201e\u00darr\u00e6\u00f0i um loka\u00f0a b\u00fasetu \u00fatlendings sem s\u00e6tir frelsissker\u00f0ingu [\u2026]\u201c \u00ed n\u00fdju frumvarpi<\/a> \u00a0d\u00f3msm\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0herra sem n\u00fa er \u00ed samr\u00e1\u00f0sg\u00e1tt stj\u00f3rnvalda \u2013 loku\u00f0 b\u00faseta <\/em>er svo skilgreind sem \u201eLoku\u00f0 b\u00faseta \u00fatlendings sem s\u00e6tir frelsissker\u00f0ingu [\u2026]\u201c. Vissulega \u00e1 a\u00f0 vista \u00fearna f\u00f3lk sem er \u00ed vi\u00f0kv\u00e6mri st\u00f6\u00f0u eins og \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0rum b\u00fasetu\u00farr\u00e6\u00f0um <\/em>en \u00feetta er \u00fe\u00f3 vitanlega ekki \u02bbheimili\u02bc \u00ed neinum skilningi eins og s\u00e9st m.a. \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 m\u00f6rgum greinum frumvarpsins svipar til \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0a um fangelsi \u00ed L\u00f6gum um fullnustu refsinga<\/a><\/em> \u00a0\u2013 t.d. eru \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i um heims\u00f3knir, agabrot, l\u00edkamsleit, heimild til valdbeitingar, vistun \u00ed \u00f6ryggisklefa o.fl., og me\u00f0al starfsf\u00f3lks eru fangaver\u00f0ir<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Hva\u00f0 sem segja m\u00e1 um notkun or\u00f0sins b\u00fasetu\u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/em> hinga\u00f0 til er \u00feetta algerlega \u00e1 skj\u00f6n vi\u00f0 hana. \u201eLoku\u00f0 b\u00faseta\u201c \u00fear sem fangaver\u00f0ir g\u00e6ta f\u00f3lks er au\u00f0vita\u00f0 ekkert anna\u00f0 en fangelsi. \u00dea\u00f0 er al\u00feekkt a\u00f0 \u00ed vi\u00f0kv\u00e6mum \u00e1greiningsm\u00e1lum leitast stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld oft vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 f\u00f6ndra vi\u00f0 tungum\u00e1li\u00f0 til a\u00f0 sl\u00e1 ryki \u00ed augu almennings og brei\u00f0a yfir \u00fea\u00f0 um hva\u00f0 m\u00e1li\u00f0 sn\u00fdst \u00ed raun. Um \u00feetta h\u00f6fum vi\u00f0 m\u00f6rg n\u00fdleg d\u00e6mi, \u00edslensk og erlend. Fyrir r\u00famu \u00e1ri t\u00f3k \u00fe\u00e1verandi d\u00f3msm\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0herra upp or\u00f0i\u00f0<\/a> \u00a0rafvarnarvopn <\/em>yfir \u00fea\u00f0 sem lengi haf\u00f0i heiti\u00f0 rafbyssa <\/em>\u00e1 \u00edslensku, og \u00ed frumvarpi<\/a> \u00a0til laga um breytingu \u00e1 l\u00f6greglul\u00f6gum sem lagt var fram \u00e1 Al\u00feingi \u00ed fyrra og aftur<\/a> \u00a0n\u00fana er or\u00f0i\u00f0 afbrotavarnir <\/em>nota\u00f0 um \u00fea\u00f0 sem \u00e1\u00f0ur<\/a> \u00a0var kalla\u00f0 forvirkar ranns\u00f3knarheimildir<\/em>.<\/p>\n

En loka\u00f0 b\u00fasetu\u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i <\/em>er samt gr\u00f3fasta d\u00e6mi\u00f0 \u2013 eins og \u00fea\u00f0 or\u00f0asamband er nota\u00f0 \u00ed \u00e1\u00f0urnefndu frumvarpi g\u00e6ti \u00fea\u00f0 eins \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 um fangelsin \u00e1 H\u00f3lmshei\u00f0i og Litla-Hrauni. F\u00f3lk getur vitskuld haft mismunandi sko\u00f0anir \u00e1 efni frumvarpsins en \u00feegar stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld telja sig \u00feurfa a\u00f0 hagr\u00e6\u00f0a tungum\u00e1linu \u00ed l\u00fdsingu \u00e1 ath\u00f6fnum s\u00ednum er \u00fea\u00f0 yfirleitt til marks um anna\u00f0hvort vonda samvisku e\u00f0a hr\u00e6\u00f0slu \u2013 hr\u00e6\u00f0slu vi\u00f0 almennings\u00e1liti\u00f0. Stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld ver\u00f0a a\u00f0 hafa kjark til a\u00f0 gera \u00fea\u00f0 sem \u00feau telja nau\u00f0synlegt og kalla \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00ednum r\u00e9ttu n\u00f6fnum en reyna ekki a\u00f0 fela \u00fea\u00f0 me\u00f0 or\u00f0skr\u00fa\u00f0i e\u00f0a me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 breyta hef\u00f0bundinni merkingu or\u00f0a \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 er merki um hugleysi. L\u00e1tum stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld ekki komast upp me\u00f0 sl\u00edka misnotkun tungum\u00e1lsins.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i er gamalt \u00ed m\u00e1linu \u2013 kemur fyrir \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed myndinni \u00f3rr\u00e6\u00f0i og \u00f3rr\u00e1\u00f0. Yfirleitt v\u00edsar \u00fea\u00f0 til lausnar einhvers vanda, \u00fatlei\u00f0ar \u2013 'm\u00f6guleiki til \u00farlausnar, kostur' segir \u00ed \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k. Oft er \u00fe\u00f3 frekar veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 velja milli vondra kosta en g\u00f3\u00f0ra eins og t\u00ed\u00f0ni samsetningarinnar ney\u00f0ar\u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i gefur v\u00edsbendingu um. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6092","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6092","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6092"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6092\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6099,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6092\/revisions\/6099"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6092"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6092"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6092"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}