{"id":6193,"date":"2024-03-18T15:50:13","date_gmt":"2024-03-18T15:50:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=6193"},"modified":"2024-03-19T10:44:47","modified_gmt":"2024-03-19T10:44:47","slug":"beitum-vid-gagnrynni-hugsun-eda-gagnryninni-hugsun","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2024\/03\/18\/beitum-vid-gagnrynni-hugsun-eda-gagnryninni-hugsun\/","title":{"rendered":"Beitum vi\u00f0 gagnr\u00fdnni hugsun e\u00f0a gagnr\u00fdninni hugsun?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c9g var spur\u00f0ur a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed hvort \u00e6tti a\u00f0 segja beita<\/em> gagnr\u00fdnni<\/strong> hugsun <\/em>e\u00f0a gagnr\u00fdninni<\/strong> hugsun<\/em>. Stutta svari\u00f0 er a\u00f0 hvort tveggja er r\u00e9tt, en \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fearfnast n\u00e1nari sk\u00fdringar. Venjuleg mynd<\/a> \u00feessa l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0s \u00ed nefnifalli eint\u00f6lu er gagnr\u00fdninn <\/em>\u00ed karlkyni eins og gefi\u00f0 er upp<\/a> \u00ed \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em>, gagnr\u00fdnin <\/em>\u00ed kvenkyni og gagnr\u00fdni\u00f0 <\/em>\u00ed hvorugkyni. \u00de\u00e1gufall eint\u00f6lu \u00ed kvenkyni, eins og \u00ed umr\u00e6ddu d\u00e6mi, er gagnr\u00fdninni<\/strong><\/em>. En hins vegar er l\u00edka til myndin<\/a> gagnr\u00fdnn <\/em>\u00ed nefnifalli eint\u00f6lu karlkyn, sem er \u00fe\u00e1 gagnr\u00fdn <\/em>\u00ed kvenkyni og gagnr\u00fdnt <\/em>\u00ed hvorugkyni, og \u00fe\u00e1gufall eint\u00f6lu \u00ed kvenkyni af \u00feeirri mynd er gagnr\u00fdnni<\/strong><\/em>. \u00deessi mynd er \u00fe\u00f3 margfalt sjaldg\u00e6fari eins og marka m\u00e1 af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hana er hvorki a\u00f0 finna \u00ed \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>n\u00e9 \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Eins og \u00e9g hef \u00e1\u00f0ur skrifa\u00f0<\/a> um var or\u00f0i\u00f0 gagnr\u00fdni <\/em>b\u00fai\u00f0 til \u00ed lok 19. aldar og kom fyrst fram \u00ed greininni<\/a> \u201eGagnr\u00fdni\u201c \u00ed Eimrei\u00f0inni <\/em>1896. H\u00f6fundur hennar er dr. Valt\u00fdr Gu\u00f0mundssyni sem nefnir a\u00f0 \u00edslensku skorti tilfinnanlega \u201eor\u00f0 yfir \u00fea\u00f0 sem \u00e1 \u00fatlendu m\u00e1li kallast \u201ekr\u00edt\u00edk<\/em>\u201c og segir svo: \u201e\u00deetta vir\u00f0ist oss a\u00f0 m\u00e6tti kalla \u00e1 \u00edslenzku gagnr\u00fdni<\/em> og gagnr\u00fdninn<\/em> \u00feann mann, sem s\u00fdnt er um a\u00f0 gagnr\u00fdna<\/em> hlutina.\u201c L\u00fdsingaror\u00f0i\u00f0 gagnr\u00fdninn <\/em>kemur fyrst fram \u00fearna, en myndin gagnr\u00fdnn <\/em>er litlu yngri \u2013 \u00ed Fjallkonunni <\/em>1903 segir: \u201eHann var skarpvitur ma\u00f0ur og gagnr\u00fdnn \u00ed m\u00f6rgum greinum.\u201c \u00cd Heimi <\/em>1906 segir: \u201eEg vil benda \u00e1 a\u00f0 alsta\u00f0ar \u00e1 me\u00f0al m\u00f3tm\u00e6lenda \u00ed tr\u00faarbrag\u00f0aheiminum fer n\u00fa fram s\u00f6guleg gagnr\u00fdn endursko\u00f0un \u00e1 kenninga kerfunum.\u201c<\/p>\n

B\u00e6\u00f0i -r\u00fdnn <\/em>og -r\u00fdninn<\/em> eru e\u00f0lilegar or\u00f0myndanir af<\/a> s\u00f6gninni r\u00fdna<\/em> og koma fyrir \u00ed samsetningum \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li \u2013 gl\u00f6ggr\u00fdnn <\/em>\u00ed<\/a> V\u00f6lsunga s\u00f6gu <\/em>og fullr\u00fdninn <\/em>\u00ed<\/a> Atlam\u00e1lum hinum gr\u00e6nlensku<\/em>. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed engin s\u00e9rst\u00f6k \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 taka gagnr\u00fdninn <\/em>fram yfir gagnr\u00fdnn<\/em> \u00fe\u00f3tt Valt\u00fdr hafi nota\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 mynd \u00ed grein sinni, en h\u00fan hefur samt or\u00f0i\u00f0 ofan \u00e1 eins og \u00e1\u00f0ur segir. Fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed er \u00fe\u00f3 mikilv\u00e6g undantekning \u2013 \u00fe\u00e1gufall og eignarfall eint\u00f6lu \u00ed kvenkyni. \u00c9g sko\u00f0a\u00f0i \u00e1 t\u00edmarit.is <\/em>og \u00ed Risam\u00e1lheildinni <\/em>fj\u00f6lda d\u00e6ma um nefnifalls- og \u00fe\u00e1gufallsmyndir af b\u00e6\u00f0i gagnr\u00fdnin <\/em>og gagnr\u00fdn<\/em> me\u00f0 \u00e1tta algengustu kvenkynsnafnor\u00f0um sem l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0in standa me\u00f0 \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 eru or\u00f0in hugsun<\/em>, umr\u00e6\u00f0a<\/em>, umfj\u00f6llun<\/em>, afsta\u00f0a<\/em>, s\u00fdn<\/em>, \u00fattekt<\/em>, sko\u00f0un <\/em>og greining<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00c1 t\u00edmarit.is <\/em>voru d\u00e6min um gagnr\u00fdnin hugsun <\/em>og hin or\u00f0in sj\u00f6 96% af fj\u00f6lda d\u00e6ma um nefnifalli\u00f0, en gagnr\u00fdn hugsun <\/em>a\u00f0eins 4%. \u00deetta er \u00fea\u00f0 sem vi\u00f0 er a\u00f0 b\u00faast \u2013 gagnr\u00fdnin <\/em>er venjulega kvenkynsmyndin en gagr\u00fdn <\/em>sjaldg\u00e6f. En \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gufallinu snerist \u00feetta vi\u00f0 \u2013 \u00fear eru d\u00e6min um gagnr\u00fdninni hugsun <\/em>og hin sj\u00f6 42,5% af heildarfj\u00f6lda d\u00e6ma en gagnr\u00fdnni hugsun <\/em>57,5%. \u00cd Risam\u00e1lheildinni <\/em>eru samsvarandi hlutf\u00f6ll mj\u00f6g svipu\u00f0 \u2013 92,3% \u00e1 m\u00f3ti 7,7% \u00ed nefnifalli en 38,8% \u00e1 m\u00f3ti 61,2% \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gufalli. \u00deetta s\u00fdnir a\u00f0 m\u00e1lnotendur blanda mj\u00f6g oft saman beygingu or\u00f0anna gagnr\u00fdninn <\/em>og gagnr\u00fdnn <\/em>\u00ed kvenkyni eint\u00f6lu \u2013 nota langoftast nefnifallsmynd hins fyrrnefnda en mun frekar \u00fe\u00e1gufallsmynd hins s\u00ed\u00f0arnefnda (og einnig eignarfallsmynd).<\/p>\n

Algengasta beygingin \u00ed kvenkyni eint\u00f6lu er \u00fev\u00ed gagnr\u00fdnin <\/em>\u2013 gagnr\u00fdna <\/em>\u2013 gagnr\u00fdnni <\/em>(\u00ed sta\u00f0 gagnr\u00fdninni<\/em>) \u2013 gagnr\u00fdnnar<\/em> (\u00ed sta\u00f0 gagnr\u00fdninnar<\/em>). \u00dea\u00f0 \u00fdtir sennilega undir \u00feessa beygingu a\u00f0 \u00feolfall beggja or\u00f0a er eins, gagnr\u00fdna<\/em>. \u00cd gagnr\u00fdn <\/em>b\u00e6tist \u00feolfallsendingin -a <\/em>einfaldlega vi\u00f0 stofninn gagnr\u00fdn <\/em>og \u00fat kemur gagnr\u00fdna<\/em>. \u00cd gagnr\u00fdnin <\/em>er \u00feetta d\u00e1l\u00edti\u00f0 fl\u00f3knara. \u00deegar \u00feolfallsendingin -a <\/em>b\u00e6tist vi\u00f0 stofninn gagnr\u00fdnin- <\/em>fellur \u00e1herslulausa s\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0 i<\/em> brott \u00far stofninum (gagnr\u00fdnin<\/em>+a<\/em> > gagnr\u00fdnna<\/em>) og tv\u00f6falt nn<\/em> styttist \u00ed \u00e1hersluleysi (gagnr\u00fdnna <\/em>> gagnr\u00fdna<\/em>) \u2013 hvort tveggja eru almennar reglur \u00ed m\u00e1linu \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00feetta er alveg reglulegt en ekki einstakt fyrir \u00feetta or\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 sem truflar f\u00f3lk er a\u00f0 b\u00e6\u00f0i gagnr\u00fdnin <\/em>og gagnr\u00fdn <\/em>er til.<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er ekkert einsd\u00e6mi<\/a> a\u00f0 tv\u00edmyndir s\u00e9u til af or\u00f0um og beygingu myndanna blanda\u00f0 saman \u00feannig a\u00f0 regluleg mynd annars or\u00f0sins s\u00e9 notu\u00f0 \u00ed sumum f\u00f6llum en \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0rum f\u00f6llum s\u00e9u nota\u00f0ar reglulegar myndir hins or\u00f0sins. \u00deekktasta d\u00e6mi\u00f0 um \u00feetta er l\u00edklega or\u00f0i\u00f0 sannleikur<\/em> sem einnig er til \u00ed myndinni sannleiki<\/em>, en s\u00fa mynd er \u00fe\u00f3 n\u00e6r eing\u00f6ngu bundin vi\u00f0 aukaf\u00f6llin. Vi\u00f0 segjum sannleikurinn er sagna bestur <\/em>en t\u00e6plega sannleikinn er sagna bestur<\/em>, en aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti segjum vi\u00f0 seg\u00f0u sannleikann<\/em> en miklu s\u00ed\u00f0ur seg\u00f0u sannleikinn <\/em>\u2013 notum sem s\u00e9 sterka mynd \u00ed nefnifallinu en veika \u00ed aukaf\u00f6llum. \u00deetta gerum vi\u00f0 \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 taka nokku\u00f0 eftir \u00fev\u00ed e\u00f0a \u00fea\u00f0 trufli okkur nokku\u00f0 \u2013 og \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00ed g\u00f3\u00f0u lagi. Sama m\u00e1li gegnir me\u00f0 gagnr\u00fdninn <\/em>og gagnr\u00fdnn<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c9g var spur\u00f0ur a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed hvort \u00e6tti a\u00f0 segja beita gagnr\u00fdnni hugsun e\u00f0a gagnr\u00fdninni hugsun. Stutta svari\u00f0 er a\u00f0 hvort tveggja er r\u00e9tt, en \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fearfnast n\u00e1nari sk\u00fdringar. Venjuleg mynd \u00feessa l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0s \u00ed nefnifalli eint\u00f6lu er gagnr\u00fdninn \u00ed karlkyni eins og gefi\u00f0 er upp \u00ed \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k, gagnr\u00fdnin \u00ed kvenkyni og gagnr\u00fdni\u00f0 \u00ed hvorugkyni. \u00de\u00e1gufall […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6193","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6193","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6193"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6193\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6199,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6193\/revisions\/6199"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6193"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6193"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6193"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}