{"id":6214,"date":"2024-04-03T11:40:22","date_gmt":"2024-04-03T11:40:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=6214"},"modified":"2024-04-03T11:40:22","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T11:40:22","slug":"mal-og-mannrettindi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2024\/04\/03\/mal-og-mannrettindi\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00e1l og mannr\u00e9ttindi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c9g var \u00ed Eistlandi um p\u00e1skana og hef veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 hugsa d\u00e1l\u00edti\u00f0 um samanbur\u00f0 \u00e1 eistneska m\u00e1lsamf\u00e9laginu og \u00fev\u00ed \u00edslenska. Eistneska og \u00edslenska eru \u00f3skyld tungum\u00e1l en eiga \u00fea\u00f0 sameiginlegt a\u00f0 vera sm\u00e1\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0am\u00e1l \u2013 \u00fe\u00f3tt u.\u00fe.b. \u00ferisvar sinnum fleiri eigi eistnesku a\u00f0 m\u00f3\u00f0urm\u00e1li en \u00edslensku er eistneska m\u00e1lsamf\u00e9lagi\u00f0 samt eitt \u00fea\u00f0 minnsta \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu. Eistnesk stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld hafa lagt mikla \u00e1herslu \u00e1 verndun og eflingu eistneskunnar og m.a. sett l\u00f6g<\/a> sem taka til b\u00e6\u00f0i opinberra a\u00f0ila og einkaa\u00f0ila og kve\u00f0a \u00e1 um eflingu og notkun eistnesku \u00e1 \u00f6llum svi\u00f0um, t.d. \u00ed heitum sta\u00f0a og fyrirt\u00e6kja, \u00e1 hvers kyns skiltum, \u00ed augl\u00fdsingum og uppl\u00fdsingum um v\u00f6rur, \u00ed sj\u00f3nvarps- og \u00fatvarpsefni, \u00e1 vefs\u00ed\u00f0um o.fl. M\u00e9r s\u00fdnist a\u00f0 \u00feessu s\u00e9 fylgt fast eftir.<\/p>\n

Lagasetning um notkun \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0tungna eins og \u00edslensku og eistnesku hefur \u00fea\u00f0 markmi\u00f0 a\u00f0 stu\u00f0la a\u00f0 notkun m\u00e1lanna \u00e1 \u00f6llum svi\u00f0um samf\u00e9lagsins og styrkja \u00feau gagnvart \u00e1s\u00f3kn erlendra tungum\u00e1la. \u00dea\u00f0 er e\u00f0lilegt og g\u00f6fugt markmi\u00f0 \u2013 tungum\u00e1li\u00f0 er mikilv\u00e6gur hluti af sj\u00e1lfsmynd einstaklinga og menningu \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar. S\u00e9rhvert tungum\u00e1l er hluti af sameiginlegum menningararfi mannkyns sem \u00e6skilegt er a\u00f0 var\u00f0veita og sm\u00e1\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0atungum\u00e1l eins og \u00edslenska og eistneska eru \u00ed s\u00e9rlega vi\u00f0kv\u00e6mri st\u00f6\u00f0u vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00feau n\u00fdtast hvergi utan heimalandsins. Vi\u00f0 lagasetningu sem \u00e1 a\u00f0 tryggja hagsmuni eins opinbers tungum\u00e1ls ver\u00f0ur hins vegar a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta \u00feess vel a\u00f0 ekki s\u00e9 gengi\u00f0 \u00f3e\u00f0lilega \u00e1 r\u00e9tt \u00feeirra sem tala \u00f6nnur tungum\u00e1l.<\/p>\n

\u00cd Eistlandi er st\u00f3r r\u00fassneskum\u00e6landi minnihluti, u.\u00fe.b. fj\u00f3r\u00f0ungur \u00edb\u00faa landsins \u2013 hluti \u00feeirra afkomendur f\u00f3lks sem var flutt til Eistlands \u00e1 Sov\u00e9tt\u00edmanum. \u00dea\u00f0 sem gerir m\u00e1li\u00f0 s\u00e9rstaklega vi\u00f0kv\u00e6mt er a\u00f0 r\u00fassneska er m\u00e1l st\u00f3r\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar sem var l\u00f6ngum herra\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 \u00ed Eistlandi \u2013 \u00ed r\u00fam tv\u00f6 hundru\u00f0 \u00e1r fram til 1918 og aftur \u00ed n\u00e6rri h\u00e1lfa \u00f6ld fr\u00e1 seinni heimsstyrj\u00f6ldinni, og \u00f3gn fr\u00e1 R\u00fasslandi vofir vitanlega enn yfir. \u00deess vegna er mj\u00f6g e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 eistnesk stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld vilji efla eistnesku og draga \u00far notkun r\u00fassnesku \u00ed landinu \u2013 r\u00fassneskan tengist svo m\u00f6rgu \u00f3\u00fe\u00e6gilegu \u00ed s\u00f6gu landsins og minnir \u00e1 r\u00fassnesk yfirr\u00e1\u00f0 og k\u00fagun. Vi\u00f0 getum au\u00f0vita\u00f0 tengt \u00feetta vi\u00f0 Danahatur og and\u00fa\u00f0 \u00e1 d\u00f6nsku h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi \u00fe\u00f3tt sl\u00edkt s\u00e9 blessunarlega li\u00f0in t\u00ed\u00f0.<\/p>\n

Lagasetning til styrktar eistneskunni lei\u00f0ir \u00f3hj\u00e1kv\u00e6milega til \u00feess a\u00f0 m\u00e1lleg r\u00e9ttindi \u00feeirra sem eiga hana a\u00f0 m\u00f3\u00f0urm\u00e1li ver\u00f0a mun meiri en r\u00e9ttindi \u00feeirra sem eiga r\u00fassnesku a\u00f0 m\u00f3\u00f0urm\u00e1li. \u00cd lj\u00f3si \u00feess a\u00f0 eistneskan er \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0tunga og m\u00f3\u00f0urm\u00e1l mikils meirihluta \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar er \u00fea\u00f0 ekki \u00f3e\u00f0lilegt, en spurningin er samt s\u00fa hvort stundum s\u00e9 of langt gengi\u00f0 \u2013 hvort gengi\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u00e1 e\u00f0lileg og sj\u00e1lfs\u00f6g\u00f0 mannr\u00e9ttindi hins r\u00fassneskum\u00e6landi minnihluta. Mannr\u00e9ttindar\u00e1\u00f0 Sameinu\u00f0u \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0anna hefur l\u00fdst \u00e1hyggjum<\/a> s\u00ednum af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 svo kunni stundum a\u00f0 vera en \u00feetta er \u00e1litam\u00e1l sem \u00e9g skal ekki d\u00e6ma um. Hva\u00f0 sem \u00fev\u00ed l\u00ed\u00f0ur er lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 \u00fearna geta or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00fdmsir \u00e1rekstrar milli r\u00e9ttinda \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0tungunnar annars vegar og mannr\u00e9ttinda borgaranna hins vegar.<\/p>\n

Sta\u00f0an \u00e1 \u00cdslandi er vitanlega allt \u00f6nnur en \u00ed Eistlandi. H\u00e9r hafa ekki veri\u00f0 nein minnihlutam\u00e1l \u2013 til skamms t\u00edma h\u00f6f\u00f0u n\u00e1nast allir \u00edb\u00faar landsins \u00edslensku a\u00f0 m\u00f3\u00f0urm\u00e1li og engin \u00fe\u00f6rf var \u00e1 a\u00f0 taka tillit til annarra tungum\u00e1la enda er ekki viki\u00f0 a\u00f0 st\u00f6\u00f0u annarra m\u00e1la en \u00edslensku og \u00edslensks t\u00e1knm\u00e1ls \u00ed L\u00f6gum um st\u00f6\u00f0u \u00edslenskrar tungu og \u00edslensks t\u00e1knm\u00e1ls<\/a><\/em> fr\u00e1 2011. \u00d6fugt vi\u00f0 eistnesku l\u00f6gin taka \u00feau eing\u00f6ngu til opinberra a\u00f0ila en ekki einkaa\u00f0ila, og a\u00f0 auki hefur \u00feeim veri\u00f0 mj\u00f6g sl\u00e6lega framfylgt. Vegna \u00feessa hefur enska geta\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 s\u00edfellt meira \u00e1berandi \u00ed almannar\u00fdminu \u00e1 undanf\u00f6rnum \u00e1rum, b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed raunheimi og stafr\u00e6num heimi, \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 verulega hafi veri\u00f0 sporna\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed \u2013 stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld og almenningur hafa l\u00e1ti\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 vi\u00f0gangast.<\/p>\n

\u00deetta sinnuleysi hefur leitt til \u00feess a\u00f0 enskan hefur unni\u00f0 s\u00e9r eins konar hef\u00f0arr\u00e9tt \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 er mj\u00f6g erfitt a\u00f0 sn\u00faa til baka og hverfa fr\u00e1 \u00feessari miklu enskunotkun \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 hafi margv\u00edslegar aflei\u00f0ingar. F\u00f3lk hefur flust hinga\u00f0 og b\u00fai\u00f0 h\u00e9r \u00e1rum saman \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 til \u00feess hafi veri\u00f0 ger\u00f0ar kr\u00f6fur um \u00edslenskukunn\u00e1ttu \u2013 hlutfall erlendra r\u00edkisborgara af \u00edb\u00faum landsins n\u00e1lgast 20% og \u00e1 \u00e1n efa eftir a\u00f0 h\u00e6kka, og verulegur hluti \u00feessa f\u00f3lks talar ekki \u00edslensku. \u00deess vegna v\u00e6ri umdeilanlegt a\u00f0 setja mj\u00f6g takmarkandi reglur um enskunotkun fyrirvaralaust \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 m\u00e6tti segja a\u00f0 \u00fear v\u00e6ri komi\u00f0 aftan a\u00f0 f\u00f3lki. \u00dev\u00ed fara a\u00f0 vakna spurningar um m\u00e1lleg r\u00e9ttindi \u00feeirra sem eiga anna\u00f0 m\u00f3\u00f0urm\u00e1l en \u00edslensku \u2013 er t\u00edmi til kominn a\u00f0 kve\u00f0a \u00e1 um \u00feau \u00ed l\u00f6gum?<\/p>\n

A\u00f0 m\u00ednu mati skiptir meginm\u00e1li \u00ed \u00feessu hva\u00f0a skilyr\u00f0i vi\u00f0 b\u00faum f\u00f3lki sem hinga\u00f0 kemur til a\u00f0 l\u00e6ra \u00edslensku. Ef \u00edslenska \u00e1 \u00e1fram a\u00f0 standa undir nafni sem \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0tunga \u00feurfum vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 leggja megin\u00e1herslu \u00e1 a\u00f0 f\u00f3lk sem sest h\u00e9r a\u00f0 l\u00e6ri m\u00e1li\u00f0, sj\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed fyrir \u00f3keypis \u00edslenskun\u00e1mskei\u00f0um, gera \u00fev\u00ed kleift a\u00f0 stunda \u00edslenskun\u00e1m \u00e1 vinnut\u00edma og fl\u00e9tta \u00fea\u00f0 saman vi\u00f0 starf sitt, og vera j\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0 og hvetjandi gagnvart \u00f3fullkominni \u00edslensku. En ef vi\u00f0 sinnum \u00feessu ekki lei\u00f0ir \u00fea\u00f0 til \u00feess a\u00f0 s\u00edfellt st\u00e6rri hluti \u00edb\u00faanna ver\u00f0ur ekki \u00edslenskum\u00e6landi, og \u00fe\u00e1 hl\u00fdtur a\u00f0 koma a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 ver\u00f0um a\u00f0 veita \u00f6\u00f0rum tungum\u00e1lum en \u00edslensku meiri r\u00e9ttindi \u00ed samf\u00e9laginu en \u00feau hafa n\u00fa. Anna\u00f0 v\u00e6ri beinl\u00ednis b\u00e6\u00f0i andst\u00e6tt mannr\u00e9ttindum og h\u00e6ttulegt l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0inu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c9g var \u00ed Eistlandi um p\u00e1skana og hef veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 hugsa d\u00e1l\u00edti\u00f0 um samanbur\u00f0 \u00e1 eistneska m\u00e1lsamf\u00e9laginu og \u00fev\u00ed \u00edslenska. Eistneska og \u00edslenska eru \u00f3skyld tungum\u00e1l en eiga \u00fea\u00f0 sameiginlegt a\u00f0 vera sm\u00e1\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0am\u00e1l \u2013 \u00fe\u00f3tt u.\u00fe.b. \u00ferisvar sinnum fleiri eigi eistnesku a\u00f0 m\u00f3\u00f0urm\u00e1li en \u00edslensku er eistneska m\u00e1lsamf\u00e9lagi\u00f0 samt eitt \u00fea\u00f0 minnsta \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu. Eistnesk […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6214","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6214","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6214"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6214\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6215,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6214\/revisions\/6215"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6214"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6214"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6214"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}