{"id":6272,"date":"2024-04-23T16:08:36","date_gmt":"2024-04-23T16:08:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=6272"},"modified":"2024-04-23T16:08:36","modified_gmt":"2024-04-23T16:08:36","slug":"ad-negla-boltann-eda-negla-boltanum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2024\/04\/23\/ad-negla-boltann-eda-negla-boltanum\/","title":{"rendered":"A\u00f0 negla boltann e\u00f0a negla boltanum"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00dea\u00f0 er vel \u00feekkt a\u00f0 \u00ed\u00fer\u00f3ttam\u00e1l er s\u00e9rstakt um margt, einkum \u00ed or\u00f0afari og setningager\u00f0. \u00cd dag f\u00e9kk \u00e9g spurningu um fallstj\u00f3rn sagna sem nota\u00f0ar eru \u00ed f\u00f3tboltam\u00e1li, eins og negla<\/em>, flengja <\/em>og hreinsa<\/em>. \u00cd fyrirspurninni sag\u00f0i: \u201e\u00deessar sagnir taka venjulega me\u00f0 s\u00e9r \u00feolfall en \u00ed knattspyrnu er tala\u00f0 um a\u00f0 \u201enegla boltanum \u00ed neti\u00f0\u201c og \u201eflengja boltanum fyrir marki\u00f0\u201c. \u00dea\u00f0 er svo til beggja blands hvort f\u00f3lk segir \u201ehreinsa boltann \u00ed burtu\u201c e\u00f0a \u201ehreinsa boltanum fr\u00e1 marki\u201c.\u201c Fyrirspyrjandi vildi svo forvitnast um hvort \u00e9g kynni einhverja sk\u00fdringu \u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1gufallinu me\u00f0 \u00feessum s\u00f6gnum, og hvort \u00e9g hef\u00f0i sko\u00f0un \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hvort \u00e6tti a\u00f0 nota \u00feolfall e\u00f0a \u00fe\u00e1gufall \u00ed samb\u00f6ndum eins og hreinsa boltann fr\u00e1 marki <\/em>e\u00f0a hreinsa boltanum fr\u00e1 marki<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00dev\u00ed er til a\u00f0 svara a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1gufall me\u00f0 negla <\/em>\u00ed \u00ed\u00fer\u00f3ttam\u00e1li er vel \u00feekkt. J\u00f3n G. Fri\u00f0j\u00f3nsson skrifa\u00f0i um \u00feetta \u00ed \u00fe\u00e6ttinum \u201e\u00cdslenskt m\u00e1l\u201c \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2004 og sag\u00f0i<\/a>: \u201eVafalaust eru allir samm\u00e1la um a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 segjum: negla naglann<\/em> enda er andlagi\u00f0 \u00fear beint. \u00cd m\u00e1li \u00ed\u00fer\u00f3ttamanna ber hins vegar oft vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 tala\u00f0 er um a\u00f0 ?negla knettinum<\/em>\/boltanum<\/em>, t.d.: hann \u00fearf ekki anna\u00f0 en negla boltanum \u00e1 marki\u00f0<\/em> [\u2026]. H\u00e9r v\u00e6ri e\u00f0lilegt og \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 m\u00e1lkerfi\u00f0 a\u00f0 segja negla kn\u00f6ttinn<\/em>\/boltann<\/em> (\u00ed mark<\/em>). Sk\u00fdringin \u00e1 \u00feessu n\u00fdm\u00e6li blasir vi\u00f0, s\u00f6gnin skj\u00f3ta e-u<\/em>\/boltanum<\/em> hefur \u00e1hrif \u00e1 notkun sagnarinnar negla<\/em>, sbr. einnig samb\u00f6ndin \u00feruma<\/em>\/(\u00ferusa<\/em>) boltanum<\/em> og d\u00fandra boltanum<\/em> [< d. dundre<\/em>]. Af sama mei\u00f0i er notkunin ?hamra knettinum<\/em>.\u201c<\/p>\n

Sagnirnar negla <\/em>og hamra<\/em>, sem J\u00f3n G. Fri\u00f0j\u00f3nsson nefndi, og flengja <\/em>og hreinsa<\/em>, sem fyrirspyrjandi nefndi, taka allar me\u00f0 s\u00e9r \u00feolfall fr\u00e1 fornu fari, og \u00fea\u00f0 gera \u00fe\u00e6r l\u00edka \u00ed eldri d\u00e6mum me\u00f0 bolti <\/em>og kn\u00f6ttur<\/em>. Elsta d\u00e6mi um negla boltann<\/em>\/kn\u00f6ttinn <\/em>\u00e1 t\u00edmarit.is <\/em>er fr\u00e1 1947, um hamra <\/em>me\u00f0 \u00feolfalli fr\u00e1 1961, um hreinsa <\/em>me\u00f0 \u00feolfalli fr\u00e1 1972, og um flengja <\/em>me\u00f0 \u00feolfalli fr\u00e1 1974. \u00de\u00e1gufallsd\u00e6min eru \u00ed \u00f6llum tilvikum yngri \u2013 elsta d\u00e6mi um negla boltanum<\/em>\/knettinum <\/em>er fr\u00e1 1978, um hamra <\/em>me\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1gufalli fr\u00e1 1975, um hreinsa <\/em>me\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1gufalli fr\u00e1 2000, og um flengja <\/em>me\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1gufalli fr\u00e1 2003. \u00dea\u00f0 er lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1gufalli\u00f0 hefur sm\u00e1m saman veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 koma inn og t\u00ed\u00f0ni \u00feess a\u00f0 aukast \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu fimmt\u00edu \u00e1rum en \u00feolfalli\u00f0 t\u00ed\u00f0kast \u00fe\u00f3 enn me\u00f0 \u00feessum s\u00f6gnum.<\/p>\n

\u00cd ranns\u00f3knarverkefninu \u201eTilbrig\u00f0i \u00ed \u00edslenskri setningager\u00f0\u201c sem H\u00f6skuldur \u00der\u00e1insson st\u00fdr\u00f0i \u00e1 \u00e1runum upp \u00far 2005 var f\u00f3lk \u00e1 \u00fdmsum aldri be\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 meta setningarnar S\u00f3knarma\u00f0urinn negldi boltanum <\/strong>\u00ed neti\u00f0<\/em> og H\u00fan negldi boltann <\/strong>\u00ed marki\u00f0 af l\u00f6ngu f\u00e6ri<\/em>. Ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0an var s\u00fa a\u00f0 mikill meirihluti \u00fe\u00e1tttakenda sam\u00feykkti b\u00e1\u00f0ar ger\u00f0irnar, b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00feolfall og \u00fe\u00e1gufall, en hlutfall \u00feeirra sem sam\u00feykktu \u00fe\u00e1gufall var \u00fe\u00f3 mun h\u00e6rra hj\u00e1 yngstu h\u00f3punum. \u00cd Risam\u00e1lheildinni <\/em>er \u00fe\u00e1gufalli\u00f0 yfirgn\u00e6fandi \u2013 um 60 d\u00e6mi um \u00feolfalli\u00f0 en n\u00e6rri h\u00e1lft sj\u00f6tta hundra\u00f0 um \u00fe\u00e1gufalli\u00f0. Hlutfalli\u00f0 er \u00f6fugt me\u00f0 hamra <\/em>\u2013 \u00fear er h\u00e1tt \u00e1 sj\u00f6unda hundra\u00f0 d\u00e6ma um \u00feolfalli\u00f0 en 330 um \u00fe\u00e1gufalli\u00f0. \u00deolfallsd\u00e6mi um hreinsa <\/em>eru 600 en \u00fe\u00e1gufallsd\u00e6mi t\u00e6p 70 \u2013 en flengja <\/em>er sjaldg\u00e6f.<\/p>\n

En sumar sagnir af \u00feessu tagi taka \u00e6vinlega me\u00f0 s\u00e9r \u00fe\u00e1gufall, eins og d\u00fandra<\/em>, \u00feruma<\/em> og \u00ferusa <\/em>sem J\u00f3n G. Fri\u00f0j\u00f3nsson nefnir. Elsta d\u00e6mi um d\u00fandra bolta<\/em>\/knetti <\/em>\u00e1 t\u00edmarit.is <\/em>er fr\u00e1 1951, elsta d\u00e6mi um \u00feruma <\/em>fr\u00e1 1955, og elsta d\u00e6mi um \u00ferusa <\/em>fr\u00e1 1979. Auk \u00feess m\u00e1 nefna \u00ferykkja<\/em> sem kemur fyrir \u00ed texta \u00d3mars Ragnarssonar um J\u00f3a \u00fatherja fr\u00e1 1969. S\u00fa s\u00f6gn er g\u00f6mul \u00ed m\u00e1linu \u00ed merkingunni<\/a> 'prenta (e-\u00f0\/\u00e1 e-\u00f0)' og st\u00fdrir \u00fe\u00e1 \u00feolfalli, en \u00ed setningum eins og \u00ferykkja boltanum \u00ed marki\u00f0 (neti\u00f0)<\/em> sem gefin er \u00ed \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>og sk\u00fdr\u00f0 'skora me\u00f0 f\u00f6stu skoti \u00e1 stuttu f\u00e6ri' tekur h\u00fan \u00e6vinlega \u00fe\u00e1gufall. \u00dea\u00f0 sem er sameiginlegt me\u00f0 \u00f6llum \u00feessum s\u00f6gnum er a\u00f0 \u00feegar \u00fe\u00e6r eru nota\u00f0ar \u00ed \u00ed\u00fer\u00f3ttam\u00e1li v\u00edsa \u00fe\u00e6r til sn\u00f6ggrar og kraftmikillar hreyfingar.<\/p>\n

Eins og J\u00f3n G. Fri\u00f0j\u00f3nsson nefnir er l\u00edklegt a\u00f0 sagnir eins og skj\u00f3ta<\/em>, \u00feruma<\/em>, \u00ferusa <\/em>og d\u00fandra <\/em>sem alltaf taka me\u00f0 s\u00e9r \u00fe\u00e1gufall hafi \u00e1hrif \u00e1 sagnir sem nota\u00f0ar eru \u00ed svipa\u00f0ri merkingu og \u00e1\u00f0ur t\u00f3ku me\u00f0 s\u00e9r \u00feolfall \u2013 negla<\/em>, hamra<\/em>, flengja<\/em>, hreinsa<\/em> og skalla<\/em>, sem st\u00f6ku sinnum kemur fyrir me\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1gufalli. En \u00fea\u00f0 er samt r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 hafa \u00ed huga a\u00f0 fallstj\u00f3rn \u00feessara sagna breytist ekki \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0ru samhengi og \u00fev\u00ed er lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 m\u00e1lnotendur tengja \u00e1kve\u00f0na merkingu vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1gufalli\u00f0. J\u00f3n segir: \u201e\u00deeir sem kj\u00f3sa a\u00f0 nota s\u00f6gnina hamra<\/em> \u00ed n\u00fdrri merkingu ('skj\u00f3ta (knetti) fast') \u00e6ttu a\u00f0 vir\u00f0a m\u00e1lvenjuna og hamra kn\u00f6ttinn<\/em>\/boltann<\/em>.\u201c En \u00fearna hefur undanfari\u00f0 skapast n\u00fd og regluleg m\u00e1lvenja um notkun \u00fe\u00e1gufalls \u00ed tiltekinni merkingu \u2013 engin \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a er til a\u00f0 amast vi\u00f0 henni.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00dea\u00f0 er vel \u00feekkt a\u00f0 \u00ed\u00fer\u00f3ttam\u00e1l er s\u00e9rstakt um margt, einkum \u00ed or\u00f0afari og setningager\u00f0. \u00cd dag f\u00e9kk \u00e9g spurningu um fallstj\u00f3rn sagna sem nota\u00f0ar eru \u00ed f\u00f3tboltam\u00e1li, eins og negla, flengja og hreinsa. \u00cd fyrirspurninni sag\u00f0i: \u201e\u00deessar sagnir taka venjulega me\u00f0 s\u00e9r \u00feolfall en \u00ed knattspyrnu er tala\u00f0 um a\u00f0 \u201enegla boltanum \u00ed neti\u00f0\u201c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6272","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6272","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6272"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6272\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6273,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6272\/revisions\/6273"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6272"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6272"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6272"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}