{"id":6326,"date":"2024-05-07T16:40:20","date_gmt":"2024-05-07T16:40:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=6326"},"modified":"2024-05-07T16:40:20","modified_gmt":"2024-05-07T16:40:20","slug":"madur-og-kona","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2024\/05\/07\/madur-og-kona\/","title":{"rendered":"Ma\u00f0ur og kona"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c1ri\u00f0 1876 kom \u00fat sk\u00e1ldsagan Ma\u00f0ur og kona<\/em> eftir J\u00f3n Thoroddsen. \u00dea\u00f0 er lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 s\u00e1 titill hef\u00f0i ekki veri\u00f0 nota\u00f0ur nema hef\u00f0 v\u00e6ri komin \u00e1 a\u00f0 nota or\u00f0in ma\u00f0ur<\/em> og kona<\/em> sem andst\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00e1 \u00feennan h\u00e1tt, og fr\u00e1 seinni hluta 19. aldar og byrjun \u00feeirrar 20. m\u00e1 nefna nokkur d\u00e6mi sem s\u00fdna a\u00f0 hinn venjulegi skilningur \u00e1 or\u00f0inu ma\u00f0ur<\/em> (\u00ed v\u00edsun til einstaklinga) var s\u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 merkti 'karlma\u00f0ur'. \u00c1ri\u00f0 1863 f\u00e9kk Vilhelm\u00edna nokkur Lever a\u00f0 kj\u00f3sa \u00ed b\u00e6jarstj\u00f3rnarkosningum \u00e1 Akureyri. H\u00fan var fyrst \u00edslenskra kvenna til a\u00f0 kj\u00f3sa til sveitarstj\u00f3rnar, allnokkrum \u00e1rum \u00e1\u00f0ur en konur fengu \u00feann r\u00e9tt samkv\u00e6mt l\u00f6gum. Tali\u00f0 er<\/a> a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1tttaka hennar \u00ed kosningunum hafi byggst \u00e1 rangri \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu \u00e1 regluger\u00f0 um kosningarnar, sem var frumsamin \u00e1 d\u00f6nsku.<\/p>\n

\u00cd \u00edslensku \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingunni sag\u00f0i<\/a>: \u201eKosningar\u00e9tt hafa [\u2026] allir fullmyndugir menn, sem ekki eru \u00f6\u00f0rum h\u00e1\u00f0ir sem hj\u00fa, og hafa veri\u00f0 b\u00fafastir \u00ed kaupsta\u00f0num s\u00ed\u00f0asta \u00e1ri\u00f0, \u00feegar \u00feeir a\u00f0 minnsta kosti borga 2 r\u00edkisdali \u00ed b\u00e6jar\u00adgj\u00f6ld \u00e1 \u00e1ri.\u201c \u00cd danska frumtextanum stendur \u201eM\u00e6nd\u201c sem \u00fe\u00fdtt var menn<\/em> \u00e1 \u00edslensku \u2013 en m\u00e6nd<\/em> \u00e1 d\u00f6nsku \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir 'karlmenn'. \u00deetta s\u00fdnir a\u00f0 fyrir flestum haf\u00f0i \u00edslenska or\u00f0i\u00f0 menn<\/em> s\u00f6mu merkingu, \u00fea\u00f0 er 'karl\u00admenn'. Ekki er \u00f3l\u00edklegt a\u00f0 Vilhelm\u00edna hafi fari\u00f0 fram \u00e1 a\u00f0 f\u00e1 a\u00f0 kj\u00f3sa, me\u00f0 \u00feeim r\u00f6kum a\u00f0 konur v\u00e6ru l\u00edka menn, og a\u00f0 athugu\u00f0u m\u00e1li hafi ekki \u00fe\u00f3tt f\u00e6rt a\u00f0 neita \u00fev\u00ed. En \u00feetta bendir til \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 hafi ekki hvarfla\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00feeim sem \u00fe\u00fdddu danskan texta regluger\u00f0arinnar a\u00f0 menn<\/em> g\u00e6ti n\u00e1\u00f0 til kvenna.<\/p>\n

Anna\u00f0 d\u00e6mi<\/a> fr\u00e1 svipu\u00f0um t\u00edma um venjulegan skilning \u00e1 or\u00f0inu ma\u00f0ur <\/em>er \u00far upphaflegri ger\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1r \u00cdslands, \u00feeirri sem Kristj\u00e1n n\u00edundi f\u00e6r\u00f0i okkur 1874 \u00feegar hann kom \u201eme\u00f0 frelsisskr\u00e1 \u00ed f\u00f6\u00f0urhendi\u201c eins og Matth\u00edas Jochumsson orti. \u00dear er or\u00f0i\u00f0 ma\u00f0ur<\/em>, \u00ed \u00fdmsum beygingarmyndum, nota\u00f0 samtals \u00ferett\u00e1n sinnum. \u00dea\u00f0 er hins vegar athyglisvert a\u00f0 \u00ed engu \u00feessara d\u00e6ma er nota\u00f0 samsvarandi nafnor\u00f0 \u00ed d\u00f6nskum frumtexta stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1rinnar. \u00dear er oft \u00f3\u00e1kve\u00f0i\u00f0 fornafn e\u00f0a \u00e1bendingarfornafn \u00ed sta\u00f0inn (Ingen<\/em>, en Anden<\/em>, Enhver<\/em>, den<\/em>), e\u00f0a anna\u00f0 nafnor\u00f0 (Borgerne<\/em>). Stundum er setningager\u00f0in l\u00edka \u00f6nnur \u00feannig a\u00f0 ma\u00f0ur<\/em> kemur ekki \u00ed sta\u00f0 neins eins or\u00f0 \u00ed danska textanum. \u00dev\u00ed fer sem sagt fjarri a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingin s\u00e9 or\u00f0r\u00e9tt.<\/p>\n

\u00cd \u00f6llum d\u00e6mum um or\u00f0i\u00f0 ma\u00f0ur<\/em> liggur beint vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00e1lykta a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 hafi almenna merkingu, v\u00edsi b\u00e6\u00f0i til karla og kvenna, eins og \u00fea\u00f0 gerir venjulega \u00ed \u00edslensku lagam\u00e1li. En \u00fea\u00f0 er athyglisvert a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 skuli nota\u00f0<\/a> \u00ed 57. grein, \u201eS\u00e9rhver vopnf\u00e6r ma\u00f0ur <\/strong>er skyldur a\u00f0 taka sj\u00e1lfur \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed v\u00f6rn landsins\u201c (leturbreyting m\u00edn), \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00ed danska textanum stendur<\/a> \u201eEnhver vaabenf\u00f8r Mand<\/strong>\u201c. \u00c1 \u00feessum t\u00edma var \u00f6rugglega ekki gert r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 konur gripu til vopna og \u00feess vegna er e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 Mand<\/em> s\u00e9 nota\u00f0 \u00ed frumtextanum, en a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 skuli \u00fe\u00fdtt me\u00f0 ma\u00f0ur<\/em> s\u00fdnir a\u00f0 hinn almenni skilningur \u00cdslendinga \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed or\u00f0i var a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 merkti 'karlma\u00f0ur'. \u00dea\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur \u00fev\u00ed ekki betur s\u00e9\u00f0 en or\u00f0i\u00f0 ma\u00f0ur<\/em> s\u00e9 nota\u00f0 \u00ed tveimur mismunandi merkingum \u00ed stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1nni 1874.<\/p>\n

\u00deri\u00f0ja d\u00e6mi\u00f0 sem s\u00fdnir hi\u00f0 sama er \u00far Kvennabla\u00f0i<\/em> Br\u00edetar Bjarnh\u00e9\u00f0insd\u00f3ttur fr\u00e1 1916 en \u00fear segir<\/a>: \u201e\u00dar \u00fev\u00ed minst er \u00e1 fj\u00e1rl\u00f6gin, m\u00e1 geta \u00feess, a\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00feeim er me\u00f0al annars veittur 4000 kr. styrkur hvort fj\u00e1rhags\u00e1ri\u00f0 handa \u201eungum efnilegum m\u00f6nnum til verklegs n\u00e1ms erlendis\u201c. Samkv\u00e6mt \u00edslenzkri m\u00e1lvenju eru konur l\u00edka menn<\/em>, og g\u00e6tu \u00fev\u00ed \u201eefnilegir ungir kvenmenn<\/em> s\u00f3tt um styrk af \u00feessu f\u00e9 til verklegs n\u00e1ms erlendis\u201c. Ekki veitti \u00feeim s\u00ed\u00f0ur af styrknum. Fr\u00f3\u00f0legt v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 vita, hverju landsstj\u00f3rnin svara\u00f0i sl\u00edkri ums\u00f3kn.\u201c \u00dea\u00f0 er aug\u00adlj\u00f3st a\u00f0 h\u00f6fundur telur \u00feetta enga \u201em\u00e1lvenju\u201c \u2013 or\u00f0alagi fj\u00e1rlaganna hafi ekki veri\u00f0 \u00e6tla\u00f0 a\u00f0 n\u00e1 til kvenna, og \u00fea\u00f0 muni koma flatt upp \u00e1 stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld ef konur s\u00e6kja um styrkinn me\u00f0 v\u00edsan til \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r s\u00e9u menn<\/em>.<\/p>\n

H\u00e9r ber allt a\u00f0 sama brunni \u2013 merking or\u00f0sins ma\u00f0ur<\/em> \u00e1 \u00feessum t\u00edma var \u02bbkarlma\u00f0ur\u02bc og hin almenna merking 'karlar og konur' v\u00ed\u00f0sfjarri \u00ed huga flestra m\u00e1lnotenda. \u00cd athugun \u00deorger\u00f0ar H. \u00deorvaldsd\u00f3ttur \u00e1 s\u00f6gukennslub\u00f3kum fr\u00e1 fyrri hluta 20. aldar \u00ed S\u00f6gu <\/em>1996 kemur l\u00edka fram<\/a> a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 menn<\/em> v\u00edsar \u00fear langoftast eing\u00f6ngu til karlmanna. \u00de\u00f3tt Ugla \u00ed At\u00f3mst\u00f6\u00f0 <\/em>Halld\u00f3rs Laxness fr\u00e1 1948 seg\u00f0i<\/a> \u201e\u00c9g vil kaupa m\u00e9r k\u00e1pu fyrir \u00fe\u00e1 pen\u00ednga sem \u00e9g hef unni\u00f0 m\u00e9r inn af \u00fev\u00ed \u00e9g er ma\u00f0ur\u201c og \u201eOg konur eru l\u00edka menn\u201c s\u00e9 haft eftir<\/a> Laufeyju Valdimarsd\u00f3ttur, kvenr\u00e9ttindakonu og d\u00f3ttur Br\u00edetar Bjarnh\u00e9\u00f0insd\u00f3ttur, var \u00fea\u00f0 ekki fyrr en me\u00f0 Rau\u00f0sokkunum kringum 1970 sem v\u00edgor\u00f0i\u00f0 \u201ekonur eru l\u00edka menn\u201c var sett \u00e1 oddinn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c1ri\u00f0 1876 kom \u00fat sk\u00e1ldsagan Ma\u00f0ur og kona eftir J\u00f3n Thoroddsen. \u00dea\u00f0 er lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 s\u00e1 titill hef\u00f0i ekki veri\u00f0 nota\u00f0ur nema hef\u00f0 v\u00e6ri komin \u00e1 a\u00f0 nota or\u00f0in ma\u00f0ur og kona sem andst\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00e1 \u00feennan h\u00e1tt, og fr\u00e1 seinni hluta 19. aldar og byrjun \u00feeirrar 20. m\u00e1 nefna nokkur d\u00e6mi sem s\u00fdna a\u00f0 hinn […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6326","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6326","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6326"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6326\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6327,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6326\/revisions\/6327"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6326"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6326"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6326"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}