{"id":6356,"date":"2024-05-14T16:11:07","date_gmt":"2024-05-14T16:11:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=6356"},"modified":"2024-05-14T16:20:25","modified_gmt":"2024-05-14T16:20:25","slug":"folk-ad-fornu-og-nyju","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2024\/05\/14\/folk-ad-fornu-og-nyju\/","title":{"rendered":"F\u00f3lk a\u00f0 fornu og n\u00fdju"},"content":{"rendered":"

Or\u00f0i\u00f0 f\u00f3lk <\/em>hefur veri\u00f0 algengt \u00ed m\u00e1linu alla t\u00ed\u00f0. \u00cd \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>er \u00fea\u00f0 sk\u00fdrt<\/a> 'manneskjur' og 'fj\u00f6lskylda, skyldmenni' (sbr. f\u00f3lki\u00f0 mitt<\/em>) en upphafleg merking \u00feess \u201eer efal\u00edti\u00f0 'l\u00fd\u00f0ur, almenningur, mannfj\u00f6ldi'\u201c segir<\/a> \u00ed \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0sifjab\u00f3k<\/em>. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 hefur einnig teki\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed fj\u00f6lm\u00f6rgum samsetningum \u2013 \u00ed safni Ordbog over det norr\u00f8ne prosasprog <\/em>(ONP<\/em>) eru taldar<\/a> um n\u00edut\u00edu samsetningar me\u00f0 -f\u00f3lk <\/em>sem seinni li\u00f0. Margar \u00feeirra eru algengar enn \u00ed dag, s.s. al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0uf\u00f3lk<\/em>, heimaf\u00f3lk<\/em>, heimilisf\u00f3lk<\/em>, hir\u00f0f\u00f3lk<\/em>, kvenf\u00f3lk<\/em>, landsf\u00f3lk<\/em>, mannf\u00f3lk<\/em>, sm\u00e1f\u00f3lk<\/em>, vinnuf\u00f3lk<\/em>, \u00fej\u00f3nustuf\u00f3lk<\/em>, \u00e6ttf\u00f3lk<\/em> \u2013 en a\u00f0rar sjaldg\u00e6far e\u00f0a horfnar \u00far m\u00e1linu, s.s. f\u00e1t\u00e6kisf\u00f3lk<\/em>, hoff\u00f3lk<\/em>, hreinl\u00edfisf\u00f3lk<\/em>, karlaf\u00f3lk<\/em>, karlmannaf\u00f3lk<\/em>, lei\u00f0angursf\u00f3lk<\/em>, leikf\u00f3lk<\/em>, sta\u00f0arf\u00f3lk<\/em>, \u00f6lmusuf\u00f3lk <\/em>o.fl.<\/p>\n

\u00cd meirihluta tilvika eru einnig til samsvarandi samsetningar me\u00f0 seinni hlutann -ma\u00f0ur<\/em> og sl\u00edkar samsetningar eru vissulega margfalt fleiri \u2013 h\u00e1tt \u00ed 1300 taldar<\/a> \u00ed ONP<\/em>. Oft kemur sami fyrri li\u00f0ur fyrir b\u00e6\u00f0i me\u00f0 -f\u00f3lk <\/em>og -menn<\/em> \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 sk\u00fdr merkingarmunur s\u00e9 \u00e1 or\u00f0unum og st\u00f6ku sinnum eru lesbrig\u00f0i \u00ed handritum \u00feannig a\u00f0 -f\u00f3lk <\/em>er nota\u00f0 \u00ed einu handriti en -menn <\/em>\u00e1 sama sta\u00f0 \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0ru handriti sama texta. \u00de\u00f3 er hugsanlegt a\u00f0 -f\u00f3lk <\/em>s\u00e9 fremur nota\u00f0 \u00feegar lj\u00f3st \u00e1 a\u00f0 vera a\u00f0 v\u00edsa\u00f0 s\u00e9 til b\u00e6\u00f0i karla og kvenna. \u00deannig eru fleiri d\u00e6mi um land<\/em>(s<\/em>)f\u00f3lk <\/em>en landsmenn<\/em>, og einnig eru allm\u00f6rg d\u00e6mi um hoff\u00f3lk<\/em>, sta\u00f0arf\u00f3lk<\/em>, s\u00f3knarf\u00f3lk <\/em>o.fl. Einnig koma fyrir nokkur \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0aheiti me\u00f0 -f\u00f3lk <\/em>\u2013 Noregsf\u00f3lk, Danalandsf\u00f3lk, Frankar\u00edkisf\u00f3lk<\/em>, \u00cdsraelsf\u00f3lk<\/em>, Egyptalandsf\u00f3lk<\/em> og Afr\u00edkaf\u00f3lk<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Engin \u00feessara \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0aheita eru notu\u00f0 \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li \u2013 meirihluti \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a- og \u00edb\u00faaheita \u00ed m\u00e1linu endar \u00e1 -ma\u00f0ur<\/em>\/-menn<\/em> en \u00e1 seinustu \u00e1rum er fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 nota or\u00f0 eins og Palest\u00ednuf\u00f3lk <\/em>(sem reyndar kemur fyrst fyrir 1958) og \u00dakra\u00ednuf\u00f3lk<\/em> vi\u00f0 hli\u00f0ina \u00e1 Palest\u00ednumenn <\/em>og \u00dakra\u00ednumenn<\/em>. \u00deetta tengist sennilega pers\u00f3nulegri reynslu af f\u00f3lkinu. \u00c1ri\u00f0 2008 kom hinga\u00f0 h\u00f3pur fl\u00f3ttaf\u00f3lks fr\u00e1 Palest\u00ednu, einkum konur og b\u00f6rn, og m\u00f6rgum vir\u00f0ist hafa fundist \u00f3e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 tala um \u00fea\u00f0 f\u00f3lk sem Palest\u00ednumenn<\/em>. Sama er a\u00f0 segja um \u00dakra\u00ednuf\u00f3lk<\/em> en \u00fea\u00f0 or\u00f0 kom upp \u00feegar fl\u00f3ttaf\u00f3lk f\u00f3r a\u00f0 koma fr\u00e1 \u00dakra\u00ednu 2022. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 R\u00f3maf\u00f3lk <\/em>var n\u00fdlega teki\u00f0 upp um \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0flokk sem \u00e1\u00f0ur var kalla\u00f0ur S\u00edgaunar<\/em> \u2013 n\u00e6r aldrei er tala\u00f0 um R\u00f3mamenn<\/em>, en eintalan R\u00f3mama\u00f0ur <\/em>er notu\u00f0.<\/p>\n

\u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0an fyrir aukinni notkun<\/a> samsetninga me\u00f0 -f\u00f3lk<\/em> \u00e1 seinni \u00e1rum er \u00e1n efa s\u00fa a\u00f0 notkun or\u00f0sins -ma\u00f0ur <\/em>og samsetninga af \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed v\u00edsun til allra kynja samr\u00e6mist illa m\u00e1ltilfinningu mj\u00f6g margra. \u00deetta er engin \u201emisskilin jafnr\u00e9ttisbar\u00e1tta\u201c heldur er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 s\u00fdna fram \u00e1<\/a> \u00fea\u00f0 me\u00f0 sko\u00f0un \u00e1 textum fr\u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00f6ld og fram \u00e1 \u00feennan dag a\u00f0 mj\u00f6g oft eru nota\u00f0ar a\u00f0rar lei\u00f0ir en samsetningar me\u00f0 -ma\u00f0ur <\/em>til a\u00f0 v\u00edsa til kvenna. \u00cd sta\u00f0 Bandar\u00edkjama\u00f0urinn X <\/em>er stundum nota\u00f0 Bandar\u00edkjakonan X <\/em>en \u00fe\u00f3 miklu fremur bandar\u00edska konan X <\/em>e\u00f0a hin bandar\u00edska X<\/em> \u2013 \u00ed samsvarandi v\u00edsun til karlmanna er \u00ed yfirgn\u00e6fandi meirihluta tilvika nota\u00f0 Bandar\u00edkjama\u00f0urinn X<\/em>. \u00deetta er t\u00e6past h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 t\u00falka \u00f6\u00f0ruv\u00edsi en svo a\u00f0 f\u00f3lki finnist Bandar\u00edkjama\u00f0ur <\/em>v\u00edsa til karls.<\/p>\n

\u00de\u00f3tt samsetningar me\u00f0 -f\u00f3lk<\/em> hafi t\u00ed\u00f0kast s\u00ed\u00f0an \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li eru \u00fe\u00e6r vissulega oft n\u00fdrri e\u00f0a sjaldg\u00e6fari en or\u00f0 me\u00f0 -ma\u00f0ur<\/em> og \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fearf a\u00f0 venjast \u00feeim \u2013 en \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir ekki a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r s\u00e9u verri \u00edslenska, e\u00f0a tilvist sl\u00edkra or\u00f0a vi\u00f0 hli\u00f0 samsetninga me\u00f0 -ma\u00f0ur <\/em>s\u00e9 einhver \u00f3gn vi\u00f0 \u00edslenskuna. \u00devert \u00e1 m\u00f3ti \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 au\u00f0gar m\u00e1li\u00f0 og getur gert texta l\u00edflegri ef v\u00f6l er \u00e1 fleiri en einu or\u00f0i \u00ed s\u00f6mu merkingu. \u00dev\u00ed hefur veri\u00f0 haldi\u00f0 fram<\/a> a\u00f0 til samr\u00e6mis vi\u00f0 Palest\u00ednuf\u00f3lk<\/em> og \u00dakra\u00ednuf\u00f3lk <\/em>hlj\u00f3ti a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a a\u00f0 tala um Bandar\u00edkjaf\u00f3lk<\/em>, Kanadaf\u00f3lk<\/em>, Nor\u00f0f\u00f3lk <\/em>o.s.frv. En ekkert kallar \u00e1 samr\u00e6mi \u00ed \u00feessu, enda fullt af \u00f3samr\u00e6mi fyrir \u00ed sl\u00edkum or\u00f0um. Or\u00f0in Bandar\u00edkjama\u00f0ur<\/em>, Kanadama\u00f0ur<\/em> og Nor\u00f0ma\u00f0ur<\/em> eru miklu r\u00f3tgr\u00f3nari \u00ed m\u00e1linu og erfi\u00f0ara a\u00f0 koma n\u00fdjum or\u00f0um \u00e1 framf\u00e6ri.<\/p>\n

Eins og h\u00e9r hefur veri\u00f0 r\u00f6kstutt er andsta\u00f0a vi\u00f0 samsetningar me\u00f0 -f\u00f3lk<\/em> ekki bygg\u00f0 \u00e1 m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegum forsendum og \u00ed henni g\u00e6tir alls konar misskilnings. \u00c9g s\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed t.d. haldi\u00f0 fram \u00e1 Facebook um daginn a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 mannf\u00f3lk <\/em>v\u00e6ri d\u00f6nskusletta. En Heimskringla<\/em> Snorra Sturlusonar hefst \u00e1 or\u00f0unum \u201eKringla heimsins, s\u00fa er mannf\u00f3lki\u00f0 byggir, er mj\u00f6g vogskorin\u201c og \u00fe\u00f3tt m\u00e1l okkar v\u00e6ri kalla\u00f0 d\u00f6nsk tunga <\/em>\u00e1 s\u00ednum t\u00edma, og mandfolk <\/em>s\u00e9 vissulega til<\/a> \u00ed d\u00f6nsku \u2013 reyndar \u00ed merkingunni 'karlmenn' \u2013 er h\u00e6pi\u00f0 a\u00f0 saka Snorra um a\u00f0 hafa veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 sletta d\u00f6nsku. M\u00e9r finnst sj\u00e1lfsagt a\u00f0 nota tilt\u00e6kar samsetningar me\u00f0 -f\u00f3lk<\/em> vi\u00f0 hli\u00f0 or\u00f0a me\u00f0 -menn<\/em>, og b\u00faa til n\u00fdjar \u2013 jafnvel Nor\u00f0f\u00f3lk<\/em> ef \u00fev\u00ed er a\u00f0 skipta \u00fe\u00f3tt sennilega \u00e6tti \u00fea\u00f0 erfitt uppdr\u00e1ttar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Or\u00f0i\u00f0 f\u00f3lk hefur veri\u00f0 algengt \u00ed m\u00e1linu alla t\u00ed\u00f0. \u00cd \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k er \u00fea\u00f0 sk\u00fdrt 'manneskjur' og 'fj\u00f6lskylda, skyldmenni' (sbr. f\u00f3lki\u00f0 mitt) en upphafleg merking \u00feess \u201eer efal\u00edti\u00f0 'l\u00fd\u00f0ur, almenningur, mannfj\u00f6ldi'\u201c segir \u00ed \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0sifjab\u00f3k. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 hefur einnig teki\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed fj\u00f6lm\u00f6rgum samsetningum \u2013 \u00ed safni Ordbog over det norr\u00f8ne prosasprog (ONP) eru taldar um […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6356","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6356","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6356"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6356\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6358,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6356\/revisions\/6358"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6356"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6356"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6356"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}