{"id":6393,"date":"2024-05-23T15:58:07","date_gmt":"2024-05-23T15:58:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=6393"},"modified":"2024-05-23T15:59:18","modified_gmt":"2024-05-23T15:59:18","slug":"stramadur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2024\/05\/23\/stramadur\/","title":{"rendered":"Str\u00e1ma\u00f0ur"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>H\u00e9r var \u00ed dag spurt um merkingu or\u00f0sins <em>str\u00e1ma\u00f0ur<\/em>. \u00dea\u00f0 er bein \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ing enska sambandsins <em>straw man<\/em> sem <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.cambridge.org\/dictionary\/english\/straw-man\">merkir<\/a> 'an argument, claim, or opponent that is invented in order to win or create an argument' e\u00f0a 'r\u00f6ksemd, sta\u00f0h\u00e6fing, e\u00f0a andst\u00e6\u00f0ingur sem er fundi\u00f0 upp \u00ed \u00feeim tilgangi a\u00f0 vinna deilu e\u00f0a b\u00faa til r\u00f6ksemd'. \u00deetta or\u00f0 er sem s\u00e9 nota\u00f0 \u00feegar b\u00fainn er til \u00edmynda\u00f0ur andst\u00e6\u00f0ingur \u00ed r\u00f6kr\u00e6\u00f0um og sko\u00f0anir hans s\u00ed\u00f0an salla\u00f0ar ni\u00f0ur, e\u00f0a \u00feegar raunverulegum andst\u00e6\u00f0ingum eru ger\u00f0ar upp sko\u00f0anir sem s\u00ed\u00f0an eru hraktar. Oft er \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 gert \u00e1 \u00feann h\u00e1tt a\u00f0 hinar tilb\u00fanu sko\u00f0anir eru l\u00e1tnar l\u00edta \u00fat sem e\u00f0lilegt framhald af einhverju sem hefur veri\u00f0 haldi\u00f0 fram \u00ed r\u00f6kr\u00e6\u00f0um \u2013 \u00fearna er veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 segja h\u00e1lfsannleik e\u00f0a beita blekkingum.<\/p>\n<p>Or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>straw man <\/em>merkir <a href=\"https:\/\/www.etymonline.com\/word\/straw%20man#etymonline_v_40600\">b\u00f3kstaflega<\/a> 'br\u00fa\u00f0a e\u00f0a fuglahr\u00e6\u00f0a \u00far h\u00e1lmi\u2018 \u2013 <em>straw <\/em>merkir 'h\u00e1lmur' e\u00f0a 'h\u00e1lmstr\u00e1'. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>str\u00e1ma\u00f0ur <\/em>er <a href=\"https:\/\/blondal.arnastofnun.is\/faersla\/251956\">gefi\u00f0<\/a> \u00ed merkingunni 'Straamand' \u00ed <em>\u00cdslensk-danskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>fr\u00e1 1920-1924, a\u00f0 v\u00edsu me\u00f0 spurningarmerki, og d\u00e6mi eru um a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 hafi veri\u00f0 nota\u00f0 \u00ed \u00edslensku \u00ed \u00feessari merkingu. \u00cd <em>Austra <\/em>1900 segir: \u201eEnglendingar l\u00e6ddust me\u00f0 mestu vark\u00e1rni a\u00f0 herb\u00fa\u00f0unum og fundu \u00fear \u2013 str\u00e1mann(!) \u00e1 ver\u00f0i fyrir framan tj\u00f6ldin.\u201c \u00cd <em>F\u00e1lkanum <\/em>1951 segir: \u201eTil \u00feess a\u00f0 gera hj\u00e1tr\u00faarfullum gestum til ge\u00f0s hefir gistih\u00fasstj\u00f3ri einn \u00ed Chicago l\u00e1ti\u00f0 b\u00faa s\u00e9r til \u201estr\u00e1mann\u201c, sem hann getur gripi\u00f0 til, er svo stendur \u00e1 a\u00f0 13 gestir eiga a\u00f0 bor\u00f0a saman. \u00deetta er br\u00fa\u00f0a \u00ed venjulegri mennskri st\u00e6r\u00f0, og heitir L\u00fa\u00f0v\u00edk XIV.\u201c En sl\u00edk d\u00e6mi eru s\u00e1raf\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Yfirf\u00e6r\u00f0 merking sambandsins er <a href=\"https:\/\/www.etymonline.com\/word\/straw%20man#etymonline_v_40600\">\u00feekkt<\/a> s\u00ed\u00f0an \u00e1 19. \u00f6ld og l\u00edkingin er vitanlega auglj\u00f3s \u2013 fuglahr\u00e6\u00f0unni er \u00e6tla\u00f0 a\u00f0 blekkja fugla, l\u00e1ta \u00fe\u00e1 halda a\u00f0 um mannveru s\u00e9 a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a, r\u00e9tt eins og \u00a0<em>str\u00e1ma\u00f0ur <\/em>\u00ed r\u00f6kr\u00e6\u00f0u er b\u00fainn til \u00ed blekkingarskyni. En blekkingin getur veri\u00f0 \u00e1 fleiri svi\u00f0um en \u00ed r\u00f6kr\u00e6\u00f0um. \u00d6nnur <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.cambridge.org\/dictionary\/english\/straw-man\">sk\u00fdring<\/a> \u00e1 <em>straw man <\/em>er 'someone, often an imaginary person, who is used to hide an illegal or secret activity' e\u00f0a 'einhver, oft tilb\u00fain mannvera, sem er notu\u00f0 til a\u00f0 fela \u00f3l\u00f6glegar e\u00f0a leynilegar athafnir'. \u00deetta er sem s\u00e9 svipa\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed sem hefur veri\u00f0 kalla\u00f0 <em>leppur <\/em>\u00ed \u00edslensku og er sk\u00fdrt 's\u00e1 sem a\u00f0 nafninu til er talinn eigandi e\u00f0a stj\u00f3rnandi e-s' e\u00f0a 'handbendi' \u00ed <em>\u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em>. Flest d\u00e6mi fr\u00e1 20. \u00f6ld um or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>str\u00e1ma\u00f0ur <\/em>\u00ed \u00edslensku eru flest af \u00feessu tagi.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cd <em>Austra <\/em>1900 segir: \u201e\u00fe\u00e1 er okkur \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3 au\u00f0sjen huggun a\u00f0 \u00fejer gleymi\u00f0 ekki \u00e1 me\u00f0an a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 eru \u00bbstr\u00e1mennirnir\u00ab \u00edslensku sem hrei\u00f0ra\u00f0 hafa um y\u00f0ur \u00ed fletinu \u00fear sem \u00fejer liggi\u00f0 n\u00fa.\u201c \u00cd <em>L\u00f6gbergi <\/em>1904 segir: \u201eSumir borgarstj\u00f3rarnir hafa ekki veri\u00f0 anna\u00f0 en m\u00e1lamyndar-borgarstj\u00f3rar (str\u00e1menn).\u201c \u00cd <em>Austra <\/em>1905 segir: \u201e\u00deessi millili\u00f0ur, sem \u00ed sj\u00e1lfu s\u00e9r er l\u00e1nt\u00f6kunni og l\u00e1nveitingunni \u00f3vi\u00f0komandi, er einskonar \u201estr\u00e1ma\u00f0ur\u201c.\u201c \u00cd <em>Samvinnunni <\/em>1959 segir: \u201eMa\u00f0ur getur losna\u00f0 vi\u00f0 alla \u00e1byrg\u00f0 og \u00e1h\u00e6ttu sj\u00e1lfur, haft bara \u201estr\u00e1menn\u201c, skilur\u00f0u.\u201c \u00cd <em>T\u00edmanum <\/em>1980 segir: \u201eNor\u00f0mennirnir veiddu h\u00e9r \u00ed landhelgi og f\u00f3ru \u00ed kringum l\u00f6gin me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta einstaka menn hafa h\u00e9r vetursetu, e\u00f0a me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 nota \u00edslenska \u201eleppa\u201c e\u00f0a \u201estr\u00e1menn\u201c.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>En \u00fea\u00f0 er ekki fyrr en \u00e1 \u00feessari \u00f6ld sem <em>str\u00e1ma\u00f0ur <\/em>s\u00e9st \u00ed merkingunni sem v\u00edsa\u00f0 er til \u00ed fyrstu efnisgrein, 'tilb\u00fain r\u00f6ksemd e\u00f0a andst\u00e6\u00f0ingur'. \u00d6rf\u00e1 d\u00e6mi eru \u00e1 samf\u00e9lagsmi\u00f0lum fr\u00e1 2004 og 2005, en elsta d\u00e6mi\u00f0 \u00e1 <em>t\u00edmarit.is<\/em> er \u00ed <em>Fr\u00e9ttabla\u00f0inu <\/em>2006: \u201e\u00deess \u00ed sta\u00f0 eru reist \u00edmyndu\u00f0 v\u00edgi or\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0unnar \u00fear sem stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lama\u00f0ur getur \u00f3trufla\u00f0ur skoti\u00f0 billegum skotum \u00e1 str\u00e1menn.\u201c \u00cd <em>Lesb\u00f3k Morgunbla\u00f0sins <\/em>sama \u00e1r segir: \u201e\u00dea\u00f0 er \u00f3d\u00fdrt a\u00f0 gera str\u00e1mann \u00far fem\u00edn\u00edskri heimspeki e\u00f0a heimspeki mismunarins, eins og h\u00fan er oft k\u00f6llu\u00f0 n\u00fa \u00e1 d\u00f6gum, me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 skilja hana \u00e1 \u00feann h\u00e1tt sem Eyj\u00f3lfur gerir.\u201c \u00cd <em>Fr\u00e9ttabla\u00f0inu <\/em>2010 segir: \u201eAndst\u00e6\u00f0ingar Dawkins eru \u00fev\u00ed gjarnir \u00e1 a\u00f0 m\u00e1la skrattann \u00e1 vegginn; b\u00faa til str\u00e1mann sem \u00feeir s\u00ed\u00f0an r\u00e1\u00f0ast gegn.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>D\u00e6mum um or\u00f0i\u00f0 hefur fj\u00f6lga\u00f0 mj\u00f6g a\u00f0 undanf\u00f6rnu, einkum \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu t\u00edu \u00e1rum. \u00cd <em>Risam\u00e1lheildinni <\/em>eru r\u00fam \u00fe\u00fasund d\u00e6mi um <em>str\u00e1ma\u00f0ur<\/em>, v\u00e6ntanlega langflest \u00ed merkingunni 'tilb\u00fain r\u00f6ksemd e\u00f0a andst\u00e6\u00f0ingur'. Vitanlega m\u00e1 deila um hversu heppilegt \u00feetta or\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u2013 m\u00f6rgum er meinilla vi\u00f0 allar sl\u00edkar yfirf\u00e6rslur \u00far ensku jafnvel \u00fe\u00f3tt or\u00f0hlutarnir s\u00e9u \u00edslenskir. En eins og h\u00e9r hefur veri\u00f0 s\u00fdnt er or\u00f0i\u00f0 meira en hundra\u00f0 \u00e1ra gamalt \u00ed m\u00e1linu \u00fe\u00f3tt merkingin hafi lengstum veri\u00f0 svol\u00edti\u00f0 \u00f6nnur en n\u00fa. Spurningin er hvort vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum eitthvert anna\u00f0 or\u00f0 sem h\u00e6gt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 nota fyrir \u00feessa merkingu \u2013 \u00fe\u00f3tt n\u00e1inn skyldleiki s\u00e9 me\u00f0 merkingartilbrig\u00f0unum finnst m\u00e9r ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 nota or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>leppur <\/em>um hana. \u00dear sem <em>str\u00e1ma\u00f0ur <\/em>er greinilega komi\u00f0 \u00ed t\u00f6luver\u00f0a notkun held \u00e9g a\u00f0 r\u00e9tt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 m\u00e6la me\u00f0 a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 h\u00f6ldum okkur vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 or\u00f0.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u00e9r var \u00ed dag spurt um merkingu or\u00f0sins str\u00e1ma\u00f0ur. \u00dea\u00f0 er bein \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ing enska sambandsins straw man sem merkir 'an argument, claim, or opponent that is invented in order to win or create an argument' e\u00f0a 'r\u00f6ksemd, sta\u00f0h\u00e6fing, e\u00f0a andst\u00e6\u00f0ingur sem er fundi\u00f0 upp \u00ed \u00feeim tilgangi a\u00f0 vinna deilu e\u00f0a b\u00faa til r\u00f6ksemd'. \u00deetta [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6393","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6393","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6393"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6393\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6395,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6393\/revisions\/6395"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6393"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6393"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6393"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}