{"id":6565,"date":"2024-07-13T13:47:44","date_gmt":"2024-07-13T13:47:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=6565"},"modified":"2024-07-13T14:51:59","modified_gmt":"2024-07-13T14:51:59","slug":"othorf-ord-i-ordabokum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2024\/07\/13\/othorf-ord-i-ordabokum\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00d3\u00fe\u00f6rf or\u00f0 \u00ed or\u00f0ab\u00f3kum"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>H\u00e9r var \u00ed morgun spurt um nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>hei\u00f0run <\/em>\u2013 hvort \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri n\u00fdtt \u00ed m\u00e1linu. Svo er ekki \u2013 elsta <a href=\"https:\/\/ritmalssafn.arnastofnun.is\/daemi\/692472\">d\u00e6mi<\/a> <em>Ritm\u00e1lssafns <\/em>\u00c1rnastofnunar um \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00far <em>Minnisver\u00f0um t\u00ed\u00f0indum <\/em>1796: \u201ea\u00f0 hann med s\u00ednu lidi fengi burtfararleyfi \u00ed fridi med veniulegri hermanna heidrun.\u201c Tv\u00f6 d\u00e6mi eru einnig \u00ed safninu fr\u00e1 s\u00e9ra J\u00f3ni \u00deorl\u00e1kssyni \u00e1 B\u00e6gis\u00e1 sem var f\u00e6ddur 1744. En spurningin var samt e\u00f0lileg \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 er ekki a\u00f0 finna \u00ed <em>\u00cdslensk-danskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>fr\u00e1 1920-1924, ekki \u00ed <em>\u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em>, og ekki \u00ed <em>\u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em>, enda \u00fe\u00f3tt d\u00e6min um \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 <em>t\u00edmarit.is <\/em>s\u00e9u \u00e1 sj\u00f6tta hundra\u00f0 og hafi fari\u00f0 fj\u00f6lgandi \u00ed seinni t\u00ed\u00f0 \u2013 d\u00e6min \u00ed <em>Risam\u00e1lheildinni <\/em>eru t\u00e6plega tv\u00f6 hundru\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 finna \u00ed <em>\u00cdslenskri samheitaor\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>me\u00f0 samheitunum <em>g\u00f6fgun<\/em>, <em>vegsauki<\/em>, <em>vir\u00f0ingarvottur<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>hei\u00f0run <\/em>er auglj\u00f3slega mynda\u00f0 af s\u00f6gninni <em>hei\u00f0ra <\/em>me\u00f0 verkna\u00f0arvi\u00f0skeytinu <em>-un<\/em> eins og fj\u00f6lm\u00f6rg \u00f6nnur nafnor\u00f0 \u2013 <em>-un <\/em>er eitt frj\u00f3asta vi\u00f0skeyti m\u00e1lsins. \u00dea\u00f0 b\u00e6tist yfirleitt a\u00f0eins vi\u00f0 sagnir sem enda \u00e1 <em>-a\u00f0i <\/em>\u00ed \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00f6rf\u00e1 d\u00e6mi s\u00e9u um anna\u00f0, svo sem (<em>upp<\/em>)<em>lifun<\/em>. \u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e1 spyrja hvers vegna or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>hei\u00f0run <\/em>s\u00e9 ekki a\u00f0 finna \u00ed helstu or\u00f0ab\u00f3kum, \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 vera meira en tv\u00f6 hundru\u00f0 \u00e1ra gamalt \u00ed m\u00e1linu. Fyrir \u00fev\u00ed geta veri\u00f0 mismunandi \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0ur. Ein er s\u00fa a\u00f0 \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 sl\u00e6\u00f0ingur af d\u00e6mum s\u00e9 um or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed textum og fari fj\u00f6lgandi er \u00fea\u00f0 (enn) frekar sjaldg\u00e6ft og g\u00e6ti einfaldlega hafa fari\u00f0 fram hj\u00e1 or\u00f0ab\u00f3kasemjendum. En \u00f6nnur sk\u00fdring g\u00e6ti veri\u00f0 s\u00fa a\u00f0 ekki hafi \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 sk\u00fdra or\u00f0i\u00f0 vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 merking \u00feess \u00feyki liggja \u00ed augum uppi.<\/p>\n<p>Merking nafnor\u00f0a sem eru myndu\u00f0 af s\u00f6gn me\u00f0 <em>-un<\/em> er oftast fullkomlega fyrirsegjanleg \u00fat fr\u00e1 merkingu sagnanna \u2013 <em>X+un<\/em> merkir '\u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 gera X'. \u00deannig merkir <em>ritun '<\/em>\u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 rita', <em>k\u00f6nnun<\/em> merkir '\u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 kanna', <em>s\u00f6fnun <\/em>merkir '\u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 safna', <em>\u00feurrkun <\/em>merkir '\u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00feurrka' o.s.frv. Vissulega getur merking \u00feessara or\u00f0a stundum v\u00edkka\u00f0 me\u00f0 t\u00edmanum \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00feau v\u00edsi ekki einungis til verkna\u00f0arins heldur l\u00edka til einhvers sem nota\u00f0 er vi\u00f0 verkna\u00f0inn e\u00f0a einhvers sem hann lei\u00f0ir til \u2013 <em>stofnun <\/em>er b\u00e6\u00f0i verkna\u00f0urinn a\u00f0<em> stofna <\/em>og afur\u00f0 verkna\u00f0arins, <em>skipun<\/em> er b\u00e6\u00f0i verkna\u00f0urinn a\u00f0 <em>skipa <\/em>og or\u00f0in sem notu\u00f0 eru til a\u00f0 skipa fyrir, o.s.frv. En \u00feessi fyrirsegjanleiki getur stundum valdi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 ekki \u00feyki \u00fe\u00f6rf \u00e1 a\u00f0 taka or\u00f0 eins og <em>hei\u00f0run <\/em>inn \u00ed or\u00f0ab\u00e6kur.<\/p>\n<p>\u00deetta er \u00fe\u00e1 svipa\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 t.d. fleirt\u00f6lumyndir or\u00f0a sem beygjast reglulega eru ekki s\u00e9rstakar flettur \u00ed or\u00f0ab\u00f3kum \u2013 mynd eins og <em>hestar <\/em>\u00fearf ekki a\u00f0 vera uppflettimynd vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 merking hennar er fullkomlega fyrirsegjanleg \u00fat fr\u00e1 eint\u00f6lunni <em>hestur <\/em>og reglum sem vi\u00f0 kunnum um tengsl eint\u00f6lu og fleirt\u00f6lu. En ef tengsl milli eint\u00f6lu og fleirt\u00f6lu eru \u00e1 einhvern h\u00e1tt \u00f3venjuleg e\u00f0a \u00f3fyrirsegjanleg er fleirtalan l\u00edka uppflettimynd, eins og t.d. <em>l\u00f6g<\/em> sem er ekki bara fleirtala af <em>lag<\/em> heldur hefur l\u00edka <a href=\"https:\/\/islenskordabok.arnastofnun.is\/ord\/27342\">merkinguna<\/a> 'formleg, skrifleg fyrirm\u00e6li og reglur l\u00f6ggjafans' sem eintalan hefur ekki. Vi\u00f0skeyti\u00f0 <em>-un <\/em>er sprelllifandi og or\u00f0myndun me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed fullkomlega gagns\u00e6 \u2013 ef vi\u00f0 vitum hva\u00f0 s\u00f6gnin <em>hei\u00f0ra <\/em>merkir vitum vi\u00f0 l\u00edka hva\u00f0 <em>hei\u00f0run <\/em>merkir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u00e9r var \u00ed morgun spurt um nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 hei\u00f0run \u2013 hvort \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri n\u00fdtt \u00ed m\u00e1linu. Svo er ekki \u2013 elsta d\u00e6mi Ritm\u00e1lssafns \u00c1rnastofnunar um \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00far Minnisver\u00f0um t\u00ed\u00f0indum 1796: \u201ea\u00f0 hann med s\u00ednu lidi fengi burtfararleyfi \u00ed fridi med veniulegri hermanna heidrun.\u201c Tv\u00f6 d\u00e6mi eru einnig \u00ed safninu fr\u00e1 s\u00e9ra J\u00f3ni \u00deorl\u00e1kssyni \u00e1 B\u00e6gis\u00e1 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6565","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6565","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6565"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6565\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6567,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6565\/revisions\/6567"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6565"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6565"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6565"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}