{"id":6640,"date":"2024-07-25T20:53:26","date_gmt":"2024-07-25T20:53:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=6640"},"modified":"2024-07-25T22:43:19","modified_gmt":"2024-07-25T22:43:19","slug":"malfarssmanun-malfarsskomm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2024\/07\/25\/malfarssmanun-malfarsskomm\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00e1lfarssm\u00e1nun \u2013 m\u00e1lfarssk\u00f6mm"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>sm\u00e1nun<\/em> er gamalt \u00ed m\u00e1linu \u2013 elsta d\u00e6mi um \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00ed <em>Baldri <\/em>1868: \u201ehefur hann [\u2026] or\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 s\u00e6ta sm\u00e1nun og ofs\u00f3knum skr\u00edlsins og \u00f3\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0al\u00fd\u00f0s hins argasta.\u201c \u00cd <em>\u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>er or\u00f0i\u00f0 <a href=\"https:\/\/islenskordabok.arnastofnun.is\/ord\/67715\">sk\u00fdrt<\/a> '\u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 sm\u00e1na e-n, s\u00fdna e-m \u00f3vir\u00f0ingu' en s\u00f6gnin <em>sm\u00e1na <\/em>er aftur <a href=\"https:\/\/islenskordabok.arnastofnun.is\/ord\/37895\">sk\u00fdr\u00f0<\/a> 's\u00fdna (e-m) \u00f3vir\u00f0ingu, valda (e-m) sk\u00f6mm, au\u00f0m\u00fdkja (e-n)'. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 var s\u00e1rasjaldg\u00e6ft \u00fear til \u00fea\u00f0 var nota\u00f0 \u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.althingi.is\/altext\/94\/s\/pdf\/0079.pdf\">breytingu<\/a> \u00e1 almennum hegningarl\u00f6gum 1973: \u201eHver sem me\u00f0 h\u00e1\u00f0i, r\u00f3gi, sm\u00e1nun, \u00f3gnun e\u00f0a \u00e1 annan h\u00e1tt r\u00e6\u00f0st opinberlega \u00e1 h\u00f3p manna vegna \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ernis \u00feeirra, litarh\u00e1ttar, kyn\u00fe\u00e1ttar e\u00f0a tr\u00faarbrag\u00f0a s\u00e6ti sektum, var\u00f0haldi e\u00f0a fangelsi allt a\u00f0 2 \u00e1rum.\u201c N\u00fa er s\u00f6gnin <em>sm\u00e1na <\/em>notu\u00f0 \u00ed samsvarandi lagagrein og nokkrum \u00f6\u00f0rum greinum <a href=\"https:\/\/www.althingi.is\/lagas\/nuna\/1940019.html\">hegningarlaga<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Eftir 1990 j\u00f3kst t\u00ed\u00f0ni or\u00f0sins talsvert en \u00fe\u00f3 einkum eftir aldam\u00f3t \u2013 \u00ed <em>Risam\u00e1lheildinni <\/em>eru t\u00e6p \u00fe\u00fasund d\u00e6mi um \u00fea\u00f0. \u201eN\u00fa hefur sm\u00e1nun gengi\u00f0 \u00ed endurn\u00fdjun l\u00edfdaga og allir og amma \u00feeirra eru sm\u00e1na\u00f0ir\u201c er <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dv.is\/frettir\/2019\/10\/26\/smanun-hitt-og-smanun-thetta\/\">fyrirs\u00f6gn<\/a> greinar \u00ed <em>DV <\/em>2019 og \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu t\u00edu \u00e1rum hafa or\u00f0i\u00f0 til \u00fdmsar samsetningar sem enda \u00e1 <em>-sm\u00e1nun<\/em>. Me\u00f0 <em>sm\u00e1nun <\/em>er \u00fe\u00e1 \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 \u00feegar gert er l\u00edti\u00f0 \u00far f\u00f3lki og \u00fea\u00f0 ni\u00f0url\u00e6gt vegna einhverra tiltekinna eiginleika \u00ed \u00fatliti, skapger\u00f0, heg\u00f0un o.fl. Algengustu samsetningarnar hafa veri\u00f0 <em>fitusm\u00e1nun<\/em>, <em>l\u00edkamssm\u00e1nun<\/em>, <em>druslusm\u00e1nun <\/em>og <em>\u00feolendasm\u00e1nun<\/em> en \u00feetta breytist \u00f6rt. Samsvarandi or\u00f0 me\u00f0 seinni li\u00f0inn <em>-sk\u00f6mm<\/em> e\u00f0a <em>-sk\u00f6mmun<\/em> eru einnig stundum notu\u00f0 \u00ed s\u00f6mu merkingu \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00feau sn\u00fai oft frekar a\u00f0 upplifun \u00feeirra sem ver\u00f0a fyrir <em>sm\u00e1nun<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Au\u00f0vita\u00f0 er ekki n\u00fdtt a\u00f0 f\u00f3lk s\u00e9 sm\u00e1na\u00f0 fyrir \u00fatlit, skapger\u00f0, heg\u00f0un og \u00fdmislegt anna\u00f0 \u2013 \u00f6\u00f0ru n\u00e6r. \u00dea\u00f0 er bara n\u00fdlega fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 tala um \u00feetta og me\u00f0 umtali skapast \u00fe\u00f6rf fyrir or\u00f0. En inn \u00ed \u00feessa umr\u00e6\u00f0u vantar eina tegund sm\u00e1nunar sem hefur lengi veri\u00f0 miki\u00f0 stundu\u00f0 og \u00ed h\u00e1vegum h\u00f6f\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00cdslandi \u2013 a\u00f0 sm\u00e1na f\u00f3lk fyrir \u00fea\u00f0 m\u00e1lfar sem \u00fea\u00f0 hefur alist upp vi\u00f0 og \u00fev\u00ed er eiginlegt. \u00deetta kemur s\u00e9rlega sk\u00fdrt fram \u00ed \u00feeim or\u00f0um sem h\u00f6f\u00f0 eru um tiltekin fr\u00e1vik fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed sem tali\u00f0 er \u201er\u00e9tt\u201c m\u00e1l. \u00c9g hef \u00e1\u00f0ur <a href=\"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2023\/10\/12\/thad-er-ekkert-til-sem-heitir-thagufallssyki\/\">skrifa\u00f0<\/a> um nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>\u00fe\u00e1gufallss\u00fdki <\/em>og l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>\u00fe\u00e1gufallssj\u00fakur <\/em>sem sj\u00fakd\u00f3msv\u00e6\u00f0a l\u00e9ttv\u00e6ga breytingu \u00e1 frumlagsfalli f\u00e1einna sagna \u2013 h\u00fan er k\u00f6llu\u00f0 \u201ealvarlegur kvilli\u201c sem \u201esmitar \u00f6rt\u201c og tengd vi\u00f0 \u201elandfars\u00f3tt\u201c, \u201elimafallss\u00fdki\u201c, \u201eni\u00f0urfallss\u00fdki\u201c o.fl.<\/p>\n<p>Anna\u00f0 or\u00f0 er <em>fl\u00e1m\u00e6li<\/em>. Fyrri hluti \u00feess or\u00f0s v\u00edsar v\u00e6ntanlega til merkingarinnar 'sem v\u00edkkar \u00fat, gapandi' eins og l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>fl\u00e1r <\/em>er <a href=\"https:\/\/islenskordabok.arnastofnun.is\/ord\/11981\">sk\u00fdrt<\/a> \u00ed <em>\u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>(s\u00fa merking merkt \u201egamalt\u201c) \u2013 \u00ed <em>\u00cdslensk-danskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>fr\u00e1 1920-1924 er <em>fl\u00e1m\u00e6li <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/blondal.arnastofnun.is\/faersla\/227677\">sk\u00fdrt<\/a> 'Ord, der udtales med for meget s\u00e6nket Tunge'. En ekki fer hj\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hugrenningatengsl skapist vi\u00f0 a\u00f0ra merkingu or\u00f0sins <em>fl\u00e1r<\/em>, 'svikull, undirf\u00f6rull' sem og sambandi\u00f0 <em>m\u00e6la fl\u00e1tt<\/em>. \u00de\u00f3 er <em>fl\u00e1m\u00e6li <\/em>eitt sk\u00e1sta or\u00f0i\u00f0 um \u00feetta frambur\u00f0areinkenni \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/ritmalssafn.arnastofnun.is\/daemi\/118460\">\u00f6nnur<\/a> eru t.d. \u201e<em>fl\u00e1m\u00e6lska<\/em>, <em>fl\u00e1m\u00e6lgi<\/em>, <em>hlj\u00f3\u00f0villa<\/em>, <em>hlj\u00f3\u00f0s\u00fdki<\/em>\u201c segir Bj\u00f6rn Gu\u00f0finnsson \u00ed <em>M\u00e1ll\u00fdzkum I <\/em>fr\u00e1 1946, og \u00ed <em>Hlj\u00f3\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i <\/em>fr\u00e1 1975 b\u00e6tir \u00c1rni B\u00f6\u00f0varsson vi\u00f0 \u201e<em>m\u00e1lfl\u00e1i<\/em>, <em>fl\u00e1gella<\/em>, <em>Su\u00f0urnesjam\u00e1l<\/em>, <em>Nesjam\u00e1l<\/em> [\u2026] og \u201ea\u00f0 tala upp \u00e1 e-i\u00f0\u201c\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00fa sm\u00e1nun sem flest \u00feessi or\u00f0 fela \u00ed s\u00e9r fer au\u00f0vita\u00f0 ekki \u00e1 milli m\u00e1la. \u00deri\u00f0ja or\u00f0i\u00f0 sem m\u00e6tti nefna er <em>eignarfallsfl\u00f3tti<\/em> sem <em>M\u00e1lfarsbankinn<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/malfar.arnastofnun.is\/grein\/72217\">sk\u00fdrir<\/a> svo: \u201eS\u00fa tilhneiging a\u00f0 nota \u00fe\u00e1gufall (e\u00f0a nefnifall) \u00ed sta\u00f0 eignarfalls nefnist <strong>eignarfallsfl\u00f3tti<\/strong>.\u201c \u00deetta er svo sem frekar saklaust mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 hin or\u00f0in, en \u00ed \u00feessu samhengi liggur \u00fe\u00f3 beint vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 skilja or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>fl\u00f3tti <\/em>\u00feannig a\u00f0 lagt s\u00e9 \u00e1 <em>fl\u00f3tta<\/em> undan vandanum \u00ed sta\u00f0 \u00feess a\u00f0 takast \u00e1 vi\u00f0 hann. Or\u00f0in <em>\u00fe\u00e1gufallss\u00fdki<\/em>, <em>fl\u00e1m\u00e6li <\/em>og <em>eignarfallsfl\u00f3tti <\/em>eru s\u00e9rlega sk\u00fdr d\u00e6mi um \u00fea\u00f0 hvernig m\u00e1lfar f\u00f3lks hefur veri\u00f0 nota\u00f0 til a\u00f0 gera l\u00edti\u00f0 \u00far \u00fev\u00ed og ni\u00f0url\u00e6gja \u00fea\u00f0 \u2013 <em>sm\u00e1na<\/em> \u00fea\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e6tti kalla \u00feetta <em>m\u00e1lfarssm\u00e1nun <\/em>sem b\u00e6\u00f0i me\u00f0vita\u00f0 og \u00f3me\u00f0vita\u00f0 hefur veri\u00f0 beitt til a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta f\u00f3lk upplifa <em>m\u00e1lfarssk\u00f6mm<\/em>. H\u00e6ttum \u00fev\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 sm\u00e1nun er gamalt \u00ed m\u00e1linu \u2013 elsta d\u00e6mi um \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00ed Baldri 1868: \u201ehefur hann [\u2026] or\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 s\u00e6ta sm\u00e1nun og ofs\u00f3knum skr\u00edlsins og \u00f3\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0al\u00fd\u00f0s hins argasta.\u201c \u00cd \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k er or\u00f0i\u00f0 sk\u00fdrt '\u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 sm\u00e1na e-n, s\u00fdna e-m \u00f3vir\u00f0ingu' en s\u00f6gnin sm\u00e1na er aftur sk\u00fdr\u00f0 's\u00fdna (e-m) \u00f3vir\u00f0ingu, valda (e-m) sk\u00f6mm, au\u00f0m\u00fdkja [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6640","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6640","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6640"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6640\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6642,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6640\/revisions\/6642"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6640"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6640"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6640"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}