{"id":6721,"date":"2024-08-14T15:52:25","date_gmt":"2024-08-14T15:52:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=6721"},"modified":"2024-08-14T15:52:25","modified_gmt":"2024-08-14T15:52:25","slug":"ad-hitta-laeknirinn","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2024\/08\/14\/ad-hitta-laeknirinn\/","title":{"rendered":"A\u00f0 hitta l\u00e6knirinn"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Alltaf \u00f6\u00f0ru hverju s\u00e9 \u00e9g amast vi\u00f0 \u201erangri\u201c beygingu karlkynsor\u00f0a sem enda \u00e1 <em>-ir<\/em> \u00ed nefnifalli eint\u00f6lu \u2013 or\u00f0a eins og <em>frystir<\/em>, <em>hellir<\/em>, <em>l\u00e6knir<\/em> o.s.frv. \u00cd \u00feessum or\u00f0um endar stofninn \u00e1 <em>-i-<\/em>, <em>frysti-<\/em>, <em>helli-<\/em>, <em>l\u00e6kni-<\/em>, en <em>-r <\/em>er ending nefnifalls og \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed ekki a\u00f0 koma fram \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0rum beygingarmyndum. \u00deolfalli\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed <em>frysti<\/em>, <em>helli<\/em>, <em>l\u00e6kni<\/em> \u2013 og \u00fe\u00e1gufalli\u00f0 l\u00edka \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hin venjulega \u00fe\u00e1gufallsending <em>\u2013i<\/em> getur ekki b\u00e6st vi\u00f0 stofn sem endar \u00e1 <em>-i<\/em>. Eignarfalli\u00f0 er svo <em>frystis<\/em>, <em>hellis<\/em>, <em>l\u00e6knis<\/em>, en \u00ed fleirt\u00f6lunni fellur <em>-i<\/em> alltaf brott \u00far stofninum vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 allar beygingarendingar hefjast \u00e1 s\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0i og tv\u00f6 \u00e1herslulaus s\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0 geta ekki sta\u00f0i\u00f0 saman. Vi\u00f0 f\u00e1um \u00fev\u00ed <em>frystar<\/em>, um <em>frysta<\/em>, fr\u00e1 <em>frystum<\/em>, til <em>frysta <\/em>\u2013 og samsvarandi fyrir hin or\u00f0in. \u00deannig beyg\u00f0ust or\u00f0 af \u00feessu tagi \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li.<\/p>\n<p>En \u00e1 fimmt\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld f\u00f3r beyging \u00feessara or\u00f0a a\u00f0 breytast og myndir eins og <em>hellir <\/em>\u00ed \u00feolfalli og <em>hellirs <\/em>\u00ed eignarfalli a\u00f0 koma upp, og \u00feessu ferli lauk ekki fyrr en \u00e1 sautj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld. \u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0urnar fyrir \u00fev\u00ed eru \u00fdmsar hlj\u00f3\u00f0breytingar sem h\u00f6f\u00f0u \u00e1hrif \u00e1 beygingu sterkra karlkynsor\u00f0a og ollu \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 var ekki lengur auglj\u00f3st fyrir m\u00e1lnotendur a\u00f0 <em>-r<\/em> v\u00e6ri ending nefnfalls, heldur l\u00e1 beinna vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00e1lykta a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri hluti stofnsins og \u00e6tti \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 haldast \u00ed allri beygingunni \u2013 eins og \u00ed t.d. <em>akur<\/em>. Hreinn Benediktsson hefur raki\u00f0 \u00feessa \u00fer\u00f3un skilmerkilega \u00ed grein \u00ed <em>Afm\u00e6lisriti J\u00f3ns Helgasonar <\/em>fr\u00e1 1969 og h\u00e9r er ekki vettvangur til a\u00f0 fara n\u00e1nar \u00fat \u00ed \u00fea\u00f0. A\u00f0alatri\u00f0i\u00f0 er a\u00f0 breyting var fullkomlega e\u00f0lileg og r\u00f6kr\u00e9tt aflei\u00f0ing af \u00f6\u00f0rum breytingum \u00ed m\u00e1linu.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cd m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0i J\u00f3ns Magn\u00fassonar fr\u00e1 fyrri hluta \u00e1tj\u00e1ndu aldar, <em>Grammatica Islandica<\/em>, er breytingin gengin \u00ed gegn. \u00dear segir (\u00ed \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu J\u00f3ns Axels Har\u00f0arsonar fr\u00e1 1997): \u201eOr\u00f0, sem enda \u00e1 <em>-er<\/em>, halda s\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0i lokasamst\u00f6fu nefnifalls \u00ed allri beygingunni, sem h\u00e9r: <em>herser<\/em>, \u00fef. <em>herser<\/em>, \u00fegf. <em>herser<\/em>, ef. <em>hersers<\/em>; flt.nf. <em>herserar<\/em>, \u00fef. <em>hersera<\/em>, \u00fegf. <em>herserum<\/em>, ef. <em>hersera<\/em>.\u201c S\u00ed\u00f0an nefnir J\u00f3n hvernig or\u00f0in beyg\u00f0ust \u00ed fornm\u00e1li, en \u00feessi beyging vir\u00f0ist hafa veri\u00f0 einh\u00f6f\u00f0 \u00e1 hans d\u00f6gum \u2013 og v\u00e6ntanlega fram \u00ed lok n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu aldar e\u00f0a byrjun \u00feeirrar tuttugustu \u00ed ritm\u00e1li, og mun lengur \u00ed talm\u00e1li. En \u00e1 seinni hluta n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu aldar var fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 amast vi\u00f0 breyttu beygingunni \u2013 Halld\u00f3r Kr. Fri\u00f0riksson gefur a\u00f0eins fornm\u00e1lsbeyginguna \u00ed <em>\u00cdslenzkri m\u00e1lmyndal\u00fdsingu <\/em>fr\u00e1 1861.<\/p>\n<p>J\u00f3n \u00d3lafsson segir \u00ed <em>Litlu m\u00f3\u00f0urm\u00e1lsb\u00f3kinni <\/em>fr\u00e1 1920: \u201eRangm\u00e6lis-myndir eru: l\u00e6knirs, l\u00e6knirar o.s.frv.; s\u00f6mulei\u00f0is: hellirar (og) hellrar.\u201c \u00cd <em>\u00cdslensk-danskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>fr\u00e1 1920-1924 eru myndir me\u00f0 <em>-r<\/em> \u00ed eignarfalli eint\u00f6lu og nefnifalli fleirt\u00f6lu gefnar af flestum or\u00f0um af \u00feessu tagi en merktar sem talm\u00e1l. Valt\u00fdr Gu\u00f0mundsson gefur fornm\u00e1lsbeyginguna \u00e1 <em>l\u00e6knir <\/em>\u00ed <em>Islandsk Grammatik <\/em>fr\u00e1 1922 en segir svo um samb\u00e6rileg or\u00f0: \u201ede alle [\u2026] ogsaa (i Talespr.) kan b\u00f6jes som <em>bj\u00f3r <\/em>[\u2026] idet <em>-r<\/em> betragtes som h\u00f6rende til stammen.\u201c Jakob J\u00f3h. Sm\u00e1ri segir \u00ed <em>\u00cdslenzkri m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0i <\/em>fr\u00e1 1932: \u201eBeygingin er \u00feannig \u00ed fornm\u00e1li og \u00ed ritm\u00e1li n\u00fa (talm\u00e1ls-myndir \u00ed svigum fyrir aftan)\u201c \u2013 og s\u00fdnir svo fornm\u00e1lsbeyginguna en yngri beyginguna innan sviga.<\/p>\n<p>Bar\u00e1ttan vi\u00f0 yngri beyginguna hefur sta\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed h\u00e1lfa a\u00f0ra \u00f6ld. \u00cd fyrstu \u00fatg\u00e1fu af <em>\u00cdslenzkri m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0i <\/em>Bj\u00f6rns Gu\u00f0finnssonar fr\u00e1 1937 segir um <em>l\u00e6knir<\/em> og samb\u00e6rileg or\u00f0: \u201eSl\u00edk or\u00f0 eru oft ranglega beyg\u00f0.\u201c \u00cd <em>\u00cdslenzkri m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0i <\/em>Halld\u00f3rs Halld\u00f3rssonar fr\u00e1 1956 segir: \u201eFj\u00f6lmargir beygja \u00feessi or\u00f0 eins og <em>r<\/em>-i\u00f0 v\u00e6ri stofnl\u00e6gt [\u2026]. \u00de\u00f3tt finna megi g\u00f6mul d\u00e6mi um \u00feessa beygingu, er h\u00fan ekki talin r\u00e9tt.\u201c G\u00edsli J\u00f3nsson <a href=\"https:\/\/timarit.is\/page\/1754172?iabr=on#page\/n9\/mode\/1up\/\">sag\u00f0i<\/a> \u00fe\u00f3 \u00ed <em>Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1991: \u201e\u00deessi \u201el\u00e6knira\u201c-fleirtala hefur n\u00fa veri\u00f0 bannf\u00e6r\u00f0 og henni a\u00f0 mestu \u00fatr\u00fdmt, og ekki \u00e6tla \u00e9g a\u00f0 m\u00e6la me\u00f0 henni. Sum or\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feessum beygingaflokki eru \u00fe\u00f3 \u00feess e\u00f0lis, a\u00f0 sl\u00edk fleirtala er myndarlegri og \u201e\u00e1hrifameiri\u201c einhvern veginn.\u201c G\u00edsli nefnir \u00fear or\u00f0 eins og <em>drellirar<\/em> \u00ed sta\u00f0 <em>drellar <\/em>og <em>skelmirar <\/em>\u00ed sta\u00f0 <em>skelmar<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9g hef \u00e1\u00f0ur sagt gamla s\u00f6gu af \u00fev\u00ed \u00feegar \u00e9g hitti afa heitinn, sem var f\u00e6ddur 1898, einhvern t\u00edma \u00e1 n\u00e1ms\u00e1rum m\u00ednum. Hann vissi au\u00f0vita\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00e9g v\u00e6ri \u00ed \u00edslenskun\u00e1mi og f\u00f3r a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a vi\u00f0 mig um m\u00e1lfar og b\u00fdsnast yfir \u00fev\u00ed hva\u00f0 m\u00e1l unglinga \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk v\u00e6ri or\u00f0i\u00f0 spillt \u2013 t.d. seg\u00f0u \u00feeir n\u00fa <em>m\u00e9r langar<\/em>, <em>m\u00e9r vantar <\/em>og anna\u00f0 eftir \u00fev\u00ed. \u00c9g spur\u00f0i \u00e1 m\u00f3ti hvort honum fyndist \u00fe\u00e1 \u00ed lagi a\u00f0 tala um a\u00f0 <em>hitta l\u00e6knirinn<\/em>. Hann var\u00f0 hvumsa vi\u00f0, en sag\u00f0ist ekki vita betur en \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri fullkomlega e\u00f0lilegt og r\u00e9tt m\u00e1l. \u00c9g sag\u00f0i honum \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 m\u00e6tti ekki \u00e1 milli sj\u00e1 hvor \u201evillan\u201c \u00fe\u00e6tti verri \u00ed setningunni <em>m\u00e9r langar a\u00f0 hitta l\u00e6knirinn<\/em>. Hann \u00feagna\u00f0i um stund, en kva\u00f0 svo upp \u00far me\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 seinni villan v\u00e6ri miklu minni \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 h\u00fan v\u00e6ri nor\u00f0lenska en hin sunnlenska.<\/p>\n<p>Hvorug \u201evillan\u201c er reyndar landshlutabundin, en \u00fea\u00f0 er anna\u00f0 m\u00e1l. En \u00e9g er sem sagt alinn upp vi\u00f0 \u201en\u00fdju\u201c e\u00f0a \u201er\u00f6ngu\u201c beyginguna \u00e1 <em>l\u00e6knir<\/em> og hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0um or\u00f0um \u2013 afi og br\u00e6\u00f0ur hans notu\u00f0u hana, og \u00e9g held a\u00f0 foreldrar m\u00ednir hafi oftast gert \u00fea\u00f0 l\u00edka. \u00c9g h\u00e9lt samt lengi vel a\u00f0 \u00e9g hef\u00f0i alltaf nota\u00f0 \u201er\u00e9ttu\u201c beyginguna en \u00ed dagb\u00f3k sem \u00e9g h\u00e9lt um t\u00edma \u00feegar \u00e9g var \u00ferett\u00e1n \u00e1ra fann \u00e9g setningarnar \u201eSetti hra\u00f0am\u00e6lir \u00e1 hj\u00f3li\u00f0\u201c og \u201eGer\u00f0i vi\u00f0 hra\u00f0am\u00e6lirinn\u201c. \u00dear f\u00f3r \u00fea\u00f0. En vegna \u00feessa hl\u00fdnar m\u00e9r alltaf um hjartar\u00e6turnar \u00feegar \u00e9g heyri \u201er\u00f6ngu\u201c beyginguna en f\u00e6 sting \u00ed hjarta\u00f0 \u00feegar \u00e9g s\u00e9 amast vi\u00f0 henni. \u00deessi beyging \u00e1 s\u00e9r fimm hundru\u00f0 \u00e1ra s\u00f6gu og var n\u00e6r einh\u00f6f\u00f0 \u00ed tv\u00e6r e\u00f0a \u00ferj\u00e1r aldir. \u00dea\u00f0 er fr\u00e1leitt a\u00f0 ford\u00e6ma hana og tala um hana sem \u201erangt m\u00e1l.\u201c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Alltaf \u00f6\u00f0ru hverju s\u00e9 \u00e9g amast vi\u00f0 \u201erangri\u201c beygingu karlkynsor\u00f0a sem enda \u00e1 -ir \u00ed nefnifalli eint\u00f6lu \u2013 or\u00f0a eins og frystir, hellir, l\u00e6knir o.s.frv. \u00cd \u00feessum or\u00f0um endar stofninn \u00e1 -i-, frysti-, helli-, l\u00e6kni-, en -r er ending nefnifalls og \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed ekki a\u00f0 koma fram \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0rum beygingarmyndum. \u00deolfalli\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed frysti, helli, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6721","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6721","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6721"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6721\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6722,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6721\/revisions\/6722"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6721"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6721"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6721"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}