{"id":6724,"date":"2024-08-15T22:00:52","date_gmt":"2024-08-15T22:00:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=6724"},"modified":"2024-08-15T22:25:24","modified_gmt":"2024-08-15T22:25:24","slug":"kirkjugardar-og-grafreitir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2024\/08\/15\/kirkjugardar-og-grafreitir\/","title":{"rendered":"Kirkjugar\u00f0ar og grafreitir"},"content":{"rendered":"

Or\u00f0i\u00f0 gar\u00f0ur <\/em>hefur tv\u00e6r meginmerkingar<\/a> \u00ed \u00edslensku \u2013 'r\u00e6kta\u00f0 sv\u00e6\u00f0i (t.d. kringum h\u00fas) me\u00f0 runnum, bl\u00f3mum og trj\u00e1m' og '\u00feykkur veggur hla\u00f0inn \u00far steini' eins og segir \u00ed \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em>. Samsetningin kirkjugar\u00f0ur <\/em>hefur einnig tv\u00e6r merkingar sem svara til \u00feessa. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 kemur fyrir \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li og merkir \u00fear annars vegar 'veggur utan um kirkju' og hins vegar 'afgirtur grafreitur kringum kirkju' segir<\/a> \u00ed or\u00f0ab\u00f3k Fritzners. Fyrrnefnda merkingin var algeng<\/a> \u00e1\u00f0ur fyrr \u2013 \u201eB\u00e6nh\u00fas er sagt hjer hafi a\u00f0 fornu veri\u00f0, og er hjer ein d\u00e1l\u00edtil gir\u00f0\u00edng vi\u00f0 b\u00e6inn, sem kallast kirkjugar\u00f0ur\u201c segir t.d. \u00ed Jar\u00f0ab\u00f3k \u00c1rna Magn\u00fassonar og P\u00e1ls V\u00eddal\u00edn<\/em>, og \u201eundir kirkjugar\u00f0inum \u00fear sem hann var n\u00fdhla\u00f0inn\u201c segir \u00ed \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0s\u00f6gum J\u00f3ns \u00c1rnasonar<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00cd seinni t\u00ed\u00f0 hefur or\u00f0i\u00f0 hins vegar n\u00e6r alltaf s\u00ed\u00f0arefndu merkinguna, og var yfirleitt nota\u00f0 b\u00f3kstaflega, \u00fe.e. um gar\u00f0<\/em> kringum kirkju<\/em>. Fyrsti kirkjugar\u00f0urinn sem kirkja st\u00f3\u00f0 ekki \u00ed var v\u00e6ntanlega kirkjugar\u00f0urinn vi\u00f0 Su\u00f0urg\u00f6tu \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk, H\u00f3lavallagar\u00f0ur<\/em>, sem var tekinn \u00ed notkun 1838. \u00c1 tuttugustu \u00f6ld var svo ger\u00f0ur fj\u00f6ldi kirkjugar\u00f0a \u00ed \u00feorpum og b\u00e6jum \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 kirkja st\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed g\u00f6r\u00f0unum, en til sveita eru kirkjugar\u00f0ar yfirleitt enn\u00fe\u00e1 kringum kirkjur. En vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 hlutverk gar\u00f0anna er \u00f3breytt hefur or\u00f0i\u00f0 haldist \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 ekki s\u00e9 alltaf h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 skilja \u00fea\u00f0 b\u00f3kstaflega n\u00faor\u00f0i\u00f0. N\u00fa er or\u00f0ab\u00f3kask\u00fdring or\u00f0sins \u00fev\u00ed ekki tengd kirkjum s\u00e9rstaklega, heldur er 'grafreitur \u00fear sem l\u00e1tnir eru jar\u00f0settir' \u00ed \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er vitanlega ekkert \u00f3e\u00f0lilegt og fyrir \u00fev\u00ed eru \u00f3tal ford\u00e6mi \u00ed m\u00e1linu a\u00f0 e\u00f0li fyrirb\u00e6ris breytist en heiti \u00feess haldist \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 ekki lengur \u201er\u00f6kr\u00e9tt\u201c. \u00c9g hef oft teki\u00f0 d\u00e6mi af or\u00f0inu eldh\u00fas <\/em>\u2013 \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed felast b\u00e6\u00f0i eldur<\/em> og h\u00fas<\/em>, en n\u00fa \u00e1 t\u00edmum er sjaldnast elda\u00f0 yfir opnum eldi<\/em>, og eldh\u00fasi\u00f0<\/em> er ekki s\u00e9rstakt h\u00fas<\/em> eins og eitt sinn var, heldur herbergi e\u00f0a sv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed h\u00fasi. Samt finnst okkur engin \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 skipta um or\u00f0 og \u00feetta truflar okkur ekkert. \u00dea\u00f0 er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 l\u00edta \u00e1 or\u00f0i\u00f0 kirkjugar\u00f0ur <\/em>sem or\u00f0 yfir grafreit \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 tengja \u00fea\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00f6nnur or\u00f0 og \u00e9g held a\u00f0 tengingin vi\u00f0 kirkju <\/em>sem h\u00fas trufli f\u00f3lk ekki \u2013 valdi \u00fev\u00ed ekki a\u00f0 f\u00f3lki finnist \u00f3e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 tala um kirkjugar\u00f0 <\/em>\u00fe\u00f3tt engin s\u00e9 kirkjan. En kirkja <\/em>er ekki bara h\u00fas, heldur l\u00edka tr\u00faarstofnun og \u00fear kann a\u00f0 gegna \u00f6\u00f0ru m\u00e1li.<\/p>\n

Vegna \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0a laga<\/a> um a\u00f0 skylt s\u00e9 \u201ea\u00f0 greftra l\u00edk \u00ed l\u00f6gm\u00e6tum kirkjugar\u00f0i\u201c er f\u00f3lk sem ekki j\u00e1tar kristna tr\u00fa jar\u00f0sett \u00ed kirkjug\u00f6r\u00f0um<\/em>, og skiljanlegt a\u00f0 einhverjum finnist tenging \u00feeirra vi\u00f0 kristni \u00f3heppileg. \u00deetta kom fram \u00ed sj\u00f3nvarpsvi\u00f0tali<\/a> vi\u00f0 framkv\u00e6mdastj\u00f3ra Kirkjugar\u00f0a Reykjav\u00edkur \u00ed g\u00e6r \u00fear sem hann benti \u00e1 a\u00f0 gar\u00f0arnir v\u00e6ru ekki a\u00f0eins fyrir kristi\u00f0 f\u00f3lk og sag\u00f0i: \u201eOr\u00f0i\u00f0 er til d\u00e6mis bara eitt. Kirkjugar\u00f0ur. \u00c1 \u00feetta a\u00f0 heita kirkjugar\u00f0ur? \u00c1 \u00feetta a\u00f0 heita minningarreitur? Grafreitur?\u201c Hann benti einnig \u00e1 \u201ea\u00f0 kirkjugar\u00f0arnir s\u00e9u sj\u00e1lfseignarstofnun, sem s\u00e9 \u00f3tengd tr\u00faarf\u00e9lagi. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 kirkjugar\u00f0ur geti hins vegar gefi\u00f0 til kynna a\u00f0 \u00feeir s\u00e9u tengdir \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0kirkjunni\u201c. \u00dat af \u00feessu vi\u00f0tali hefur or\u00f0i\u00f0 miki\u00f0 fja\u00f0rafok og sumt f\u00f3lk fari\u00f0 fram \u00far s\u00e9r.<\/p>\n

Vitanlega er e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 f\u00f3lki s\u00e9 ekki sama um or\u00f0 sem hefur veri\u00f0 \u00ed m\u00e1linu \u00ed \u00fe\u00fasund \u00e1r og er \u00f3rj\u00fafanlegur hluti af \u00edslenskum or\u00f0afor\u00f0a og \u00edslenskri menningu. En framkv\u00e6mdastj\u00f3rinn var ekki a\u00f0 leggja til a\u00f0 \u00feessu or\u00f0i v\u00e6ri hafna\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3tt hann velti \u00fev\u00ed fyrir s\u00e9r hvort \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri heppilegt \u00ed \u00e1kve\u00f0nu samhengi, og \u00fea\u00f0 er ekkert \u00f3e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a hvort stundum v\u00e6ri e.t.v. betra a\u00f0 nota eitthvert anna\u00f0 or\u00f0 sem hef\u00f0i engin tengsl vi\u00f0 tiltekin tr\u00faarbr\u00f6g\u00f0, hvorki s\u00f6gulega n\u00e9 samt\u00edmalega. M\u00e9r finnst or\u00f0i\u00f0 grafreitur<\/em> sem framkv\u00e6mdastj\u00f3rinn nefndi koma vel til greina. \u00dea\u00f0 er lipurt og l\u00fdsandi, tengist engum s\u00e9rst\u00f6kum tr\u00faarbr\u00f6g\u00f0um og hefur lengi veri\u00f0 nota\u00f0 um heimagrafreiti sem eru \u00ed raun kirkjugar\u00f0ar \u00e1n kirkju \u2013 eins og margir kirkjugar\u00f0ar n\u00fat\u00edmans.<\/p>\n

Tilvikum af \u00feessu tagi, \u00fear sem gamalgr\u00f3in or\u00f0 ver\u00f0a \u00f3heppileg e\u00f0a \u00f3noth\u00e6f a\u00f0 sumra mati vegna einhverra breytinga \u00e1 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagi e\u00f0a vi\u00f0horfum, hefur fari\u00f0 fj\u00f6lgandi \u00e1 undanf\u00f6rnum \u00e1rum, og mun halda \u00e1fram a\u00f0 fj\u00f6lga \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00f3hj\u00e1kv\u00e6milegur fylgifiskur aukinnar fj\u00f6lbreytni \u00ed \u00edb\u00faasamsetningu og menningu, sem og aukinna r\u00e9ttinda og aukins s\u00fdnileika \u00fdmissa ja\u00f0arsettra h\u00f3pa. \u00dearna ver\u00f0a i\u00f0ulega \u00e1rekstrar milli \u00f3l\u00edkra sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0a \u2013 annars vegar \u00feeirra sem vilja breyta or\u00f0um e\u00f0a or\u00f0anotkun af tillitssemi vi\u00f0 \u00e1kve\u00f0na h\u00f3pa og hins vegar \u00feeirra sem vilja halda \u00ed m\u00e1lhef\u00f0ina og hafna \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 breyta m\u00e1linu vegna ofurvi\u00f0kv\u00e6mni einhverra. \u00c1 \u00feessu er engin einf\u00f6ld lausn en mikilv\u00e6gt a\u00f0 a\u00f0ilar r\u00e6\u00f0i m\u00e1lin og reyni a\u00f0 skilja sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0 hvor annars.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Or\u00f0i\u00f0 gar\u00f0ur hefur tv\u00e6r meginmerkingar \u00ed \u00edslensku \u2013 'r\u00e6kta\u00f0 sv\u00e6\u00f0i (t.d. kringum h\u00fas) me\u00f0 runnum, bl\u00f3mum og trj\u00e1m' og '\u00feykkur veggur hla\u00f0inn \u00far steini' eins og segir \u00ed \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k. Samsetningin kirkjugar\u00f0ur hefur einnig tv\u00e6r merkingar sem svara til \u00feessa. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 kemur fyrir \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li og merkir \u00fear annars vegar 'veggur utan um kirkju' […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6724","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6724","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6724"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6724\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6727,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6724\/revisions\/6727"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6724"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6724"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6724"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}