{"id":6742,"date":"2024-08-20T10:38:29","date_gmt":"2024-08-20T10:38:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=6742"},"modified":"2024-08-20T10:59:11","modified_gmt":"2024-08-20T10:59:11","slug":"skurinn-skurin-og-skurid","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2024\/08\/20\/skurinn-skurin-og-skurid\/","title":{"rendered":"Sk\u00farinn, sk\u00farin \u2013 og sk\u00fari\u00f0"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cd \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>f\u00e6r nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 sk\u00far <\/em>tv\u00e6r flettur \u2013 annars vegar karlkynsor\u00f0 sem sk\u00fdrt<\/a> er 'l\u00edtil og \u00f3v\u00f6ndu\u00f0 bygging, einkum til geymslu' og hins vegar kvenkynsor\u00f0 sem sk\u00fdrt<\/a> er 'regn sem stendur fremur stutta stund \u00ed einu'. \u00deetta samr\u00e6mist v\u00e6ntanlega m\u00e1lnotkun \u00feorra m\u00e1lnotenda en \u00ed \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0sifjab\u00f3k <\/em>kemur fram a\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0arnefnda or\u00f0i\u00f0<\/a> er stundum haft \u00ed karlkyni, og einnig er fyrrnefnda or\u00f0i\u00f0<\/a> stundum \u00ed kvenkyni en s\u00fa notkun er s\u00f6g\u00f0 sta\u00f0bundin. \u00dear kemur einnig fram a\u00f0 or\u00f0in eiga s\u00e9r mismunandi uppruna s\u00f6gulega s\u00e9\u00f0 en hafa falli\u00f0 saman \u00ed \u00edslensku vegna \u00fdmissa hlj\u00f3\u00f0breytinga. \u00deau eru misg\u00f6mul \u00ed m\u00e1linu \u2013 s\u00ed\u00f0arnefnda or\u00f0i\u00f0 er algengt<\/a> \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li en elstu d\u00e6mi um \u00fea\u00f0 fyrrnefnda eru fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed um mi\u00f0ja \u00e1tj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld.<\/p>\n

\u00cd grein \u00e1 V\u00edsindavefnum <\/em>um s\u00ed\u00f0arnefnda or\u00f0i\u00f0 segir<\/a> Gu\u00f0r\u00fan Kvaran: \u201eNotkunin var \u00e1\u00f0ur fyrr nokku\u00f0 sta\u00f0bundin. Karlkyni\u00f0 var einkum nota\u00f0 \u00e1 Nor\u00f0urlandi, \u00fea\u00f0 er einhverjir sk\u00farar, en kvenkyni\u00f0 sunnanlands, einhverjar sk\u00farir.\u201c \u00deetta er gamalt \u2013 \u00ed handriti fr\u00e1 um 1700 segir<\/a>: \u201eSkur er fyrir nordann mascul. hann skurinn, mikill skur. fyrir vestan og sunnan f\u00e6m. hun skurin, mikil skur\u201c og \u00ed Sk\u00fdr\u00edngum yfir fornyr\u00f0i l\u00f6gb\u00f3kar \u00feeirrar, er J\u00f3nsb\u00f3k kallast<\/em> eftir P\u00e1l V\u00eddal\u00edn fr\u00e1 upphafi 18. aldar segir: \u201eNor\u00f0l\u00ednga kennum v\u00e9r af generibus vocum grammaticis, svosem \u201esk\u00far\u201c er hj\u00e1 \u00feeim karlkennt, en kvennkennt hj\u00e1 Sunnl\u00edngum.\u201c En eins og Gu\u00f0r\u00fan segir: \u201eN\u00fa eru m\u00f6rkin ekki jafn gl\u00f6gg og \u00e1\u00f0ur og heyra m\u00e1 til d\u00e6mis b\u00e6\u00f0i kynin n\u00e1nast jafnt \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er hins vegar miklu sjaldg\u00e6fara og sta\u00f0bundnara a\u00f0 hafa fyrrnefnda or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed kvenkyni. \u00cd \u00cdslensk-danskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>fr\u00e1 1920-1924 er kvenkyni\u00f0 merkt \u201eD\u00fdrf.\u201c, en \u00fea\u00f0 hefur \u00fe\u00f3 v\u00e6ntanlega veri\u00f0 nota\u00f0 v\u00ed\u00f0a \u00e1 Vestfj\u00f6r\u00f0um \u2013 og er enn. \u00cd \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0viljanum <\/em>sem Sk\u00fali Thoroddsen gaf \u00fat \u00e1 \u00cdsafir\u00f0i segir 1906: \u201e2. \u00fe. m. kvikna\u00f0i \u00ed sk\u00far, sem var \u00e1f\u00f6st vi\u00f0 h\u00faseign \u00ed Ing\u00f3lfsstr\u00e6ti [\u2026], og brann sk\u00farin til kaldra kola.\u201c F\u00e1ein \u00f6nnur vestfirsk d\u00e6mi<\/a> eru einnig \u00ed Ritm\u00e1lssafni <\/em>\u00c1rnastofnunar. \u00cd B\u00e6jarins besta <\/em>2007 segir: \u201eP\u00e9tur leggur r\u00edka \u00e1herslu a\u00f0 \u00feetta s\u00e9 sk\u00farin \u00ed kvenkyni, upp \u00e1 g\u00f3\u00f0a vestfirsku.\u201c \u00cd Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2020 segir fr\u00e1 n\u00fdrri samf\u00e9lagsmi\u00f0st\u00f6\u00f0 \u00e1 Flateyri: \u201eSk\u00farin, sem er stytting \u00e1 kvenkynsnafnor\u00f0inu beitningask\u00far, ver\u00f0ur fyrirt\u00e6kjah\u00f3tel.\u201c<\/p>\n

Kvenkynsor\u00f0i\u00f0 sk\u00far <\/em>\u00ed merkingunni 'regndemba' hefur l\u00edklega alltaf fleirt\u00f6luna sk\u00farir<\/em> en \u00ed m\u00e1li \u00feeirra sem nota \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed merkingunni 'sm\u00e1h\u00fdsi' hefur \u00fea\u00f0 sennilega fleirt\u00f6luna sk\u00farar<\/em> \u2013 a.m.k. segir \u00ed fr\u00e9tt \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1981 fr\u00e1 fr\u00e9ttaritara bla\u00f0sins \u00e1 \u00cdsafir\u00f0i: \u201e\u00de\u00e1 h\u00f6f\u00f0u \u00feeir or\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 bla\u00f0ama\u00f0ur \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0viljans hef\u00f0i komi\u00f0 \u00ed sk\u00fararnar.\u201c \u00cd athugasemd vi\u00f0 karlkynsor\u00f0i\u00f0 sk\u00far <\/em>\u00ed Beygingarl\u00fdsingu \u00edslensks n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls <\/em>segir<\/a>: \u201eOr\u00f0i\u00f0 sk\u00far<\/strong> \u00ed merkingunni 'regndemba' er yfirleitt haft \u00ed kvenkyni en karlkyni breg\u00f0ur einnig fyrir og \u00fe\u00e1 er fleirtalan sk\u00farir<\/strong>.\u201c \u00deetta er \u00fe\u00f3 ekkki alveg einhl\u00edtt \u2013 einhver g\u00f6mul d\u00e6mi eru um fleirt\u00f6luna sk\u00farar <\/em>\u00ed \u00feessari merkingu. \u00cd Austra <\/em>1894 segir: \u201eVe\u00f0r\u00e1tta er n\u00fa mj\u00f6g g\u00f3\u00f0, hitar miklir [\u2026] og \u00e1g\u00e6tir gr\u00f3\u00f0ur sk\u00farar \u00ed milli.\u201c<\/p>\n

Ekki n\u00f3g me\u00f0 \u00feetta \u2013 or\u00f0i\u00f0 er l\u00edka til \u00ed hvorugkyni \u00ed b\u00e1\u00f0um merkingum. \u00cd \u00c6fis\u00f6gu J\u00f3ns \u00d3lafssonar Ind\u00edafara <\/em>fr\u00e1 1661 segir: \u201eL\u00edk \u00feessarar kvinnu [\u2026] st\u00f3\u00f0 \u00fear \u00ed tveimur kistum \u00e1 l\u00edkb\u00f6rum undir einu sk\u00fari.\u201c \u00dearna er sk\u00far<\/em> greinilega \u00ed hvorugkyni og hefur merkinguna 'skyggni framan vi\u00f0 dyr' sem er afbrig\u00f0i af merkingunni 'sm\u00e1h\u00fdsi' samkv\u00e6mt<\/a> \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0sifjab\u00f3k<\/em>. \u00deetta er \u00fe\u00f3 eina d\u00e6mi\u00f0<\/a> um hvorugkyn \u00ed \u00feessari merkingu \u00ed Ritm\u00e1lssafni <\/em>\u00c1rnastofnunar, en \u00ed umr\u00e6\u00f0u um or\u00f0i\u00f0 sk\u00far <\/em>\u00ed merkingunni \u201aregndemba\u2018 \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2013 segir<\/a> Trausti J\u00f3nsson ve\u00f0urfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur: \u201eOg or\u00f0i\u00f0 er l\u00edka til \u00ed hvorugkyni. \u00dea\u00f0 sk\u00fari\u00f0.\u201c Spur\u00f0ur um aldur segir hann: \u201eFr\u00e1 n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld \u2013 eins og flest.\u201c En \u00e9g hef ekki fundi\u00f0 d\u00e6mi um hvorugkyni\u00f0 \u00ed textum.<\/p>\n

\u00deetta er skemmtilegt d\u00e6mi um tilbrig\u00f0i \u2013 eitt og sama or\u00f0i\u00f0 til \u00ed tveimur merkingum, b\u00e1\u00f0ar merkingar koma fyrir \u00ed \u00f6llum kynjum, og b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed karlkyni og kvenkyni hefur or\u00f0i\u00f0 tvenns konar beygingu. Vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 miki\u00f0 samfall er \u00ed beygingunni milli mynda af mismunandi kynjum er oft \u00fatiloka\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00e1kvar\u00f0a kyn or\u00f0sins \u00ed einst\u00f6kum d\u00e6mum. Myndin sk\u00far <\/em>getur formsins vegna veri\u00f0 \u00ed hva\u00f0a kyni sem er og \u00fdmis or\u00f0 eru til me\u00f0 s\u00f6mu stofnger\u00f0 \u2013 d\u00far<\/em>, l\u00far<\/em>, m\u00far<\/em>, t\u00far <\/em>o.fl. \u00ed karlkyni, b\u00far<\/em>, fl\u00far <\/em>og \u00far<\/em> \u00ed hvorugkyni, en ekki vir\u00f0ist vera til neitt anna\u00f0 kvenkynsor\u00f0 sem endar \u00e1 -\u00far<\/em>. \u00deetta samfall veldur \u00fev\u00ed einnig a\u00f0 erfitt er a\u00f0 leita a\u00f0 d\u00e6mum \u00e1 rafr\u00e6nan h\u00e1tt og \u00fev\u00ed er tr\u00falegt a\u00f0 fleiri d\u00e6mi s\u00e9u \u00ed textum um \u00fdmsar sjaldg\u00e6far myndir en m\u00e9r hefur tekist a\u00f0 finna.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cd \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k f\u00e6r nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 sk\u00far tv\u00e6r flettur \u2013 annars vegar karlkynsor\u00f0 sem sk\u00fdrt er 'l\u00edtil og \u00f3v\u00f6ndu\u00f0 bygging, einkum til geymslu' og hins vegar kvenkynsor\u00f0 sem sk\u00fdrt er 'regn sem stendur fremur stutta stund \u00ed einu'. \u00deetta samr\u00e6mist v\u00e6ntanlega m\u00e1lnotkun \u00feorra m\u00e1lnotenda en \u00ed \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0sifjab\u00f3k kemur fram a\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0arnefnda or\u00f0i\u00f0 er stundum haft […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6742","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6742","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6742"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6742\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6745,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6742\/revisions\/6745"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6742"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6742"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6742"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}