{"id":6746,"date":"2024-08-21T10:01:38","date_gmt":"2024-08-21T10:01:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=6746"},"modified":"2024-08-21T10:18:57","modified_gmt":"2024-08-21T10:18:57","slug":"spula-eda-smula","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2024\/08\/21\/spula-eda-smula\/","title":{"rendered":"Sp\u00fala e\u00f0a sm\u00fala?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cd g\u00e6r var h\u00e9r spurt hvort f\u00f3lk nota\u00f0i s\u00f6gnina sp\u00fala <\/em>e\u00f0a sm\u00fala<\/em>. \u00deessi spurning kemur \u00f6\u00f0ru hvoru upp b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed \u00feessum h\u00f3pi og \u00f6\u00f0rum m\u00e1lfarsh\u00f3pum og \u00feess vegna fannst m\u00e9r m\u00e1l til komi\u00f0 a\u00f0 gera \u00feessu skil. \u00cd \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>er s\u00f6gnin sm\u00fala <\/em>flettior\u00f0<\/a> en ekki sk\u00fdr\u00f0 heldur v\u00edsa\u00f0 \u00e1 sp\u00fala <\/em>sem er sk\u00fdr\u00f0<\/a> 'skola e\u00f0a \u00fevo (e-\u00f0) me\u00f0 vatnsbunu'. \u00cd \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>er sm\u00fala <\/em>sk\u00fdr\u00f0\u00a0'\u00fer\u00edfa me\u00f0 kraftmikilli vatnsbunu (\u00feilfar, g\u00f3lf og bor\u00f0 \u00ed fiskvinnslu, s\u00edldarplan o.\u00fe.h.), sp\u00fala', en einnig er \u00fear gefin merkingin 'smygla' sem merkt er \u201egamalt\u201c. \u00cd \u00feeirri merkingu er s\u00f6gnin komin af<\/a> smugle <\/em>\u00ed d\u00f6nsku \u2013 elsta d\u00e6mi um hana er \u00ed Stefni <\/em>1895: \u201eAflei\u00f0ingin yr\u00f0i, a\u00f0 sl\u00edkt lagabann hef\u00f0i spillandi \u00e1hrif \u00e1 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ina, kenndi henni a\u00f0 sm\u00fala v\u00f6rum.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u00cd merkingunni 'sp\u00fala' vir\u00f0ist sm\u00fala <\/em>\u201eekki eiga s\u00e9r samsv\u00f6run \u00ed grannm\u00e1lunum, en er l\u00edkl. \u00edsl. frb.tilbrig\u00f0i af sp\u00fala<\/em>\u201c segir<\/a> \u00ed \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0sifjab\u00f3k<\/em>, en sp\u00fala <\/em>er komin af<\/a> spule <\/em>\u00ed d\u00f6nsku. \u00dea\u00f0 er tr\u00falegt a\u00f0 h\u00fan hafi veri\u00f0 notu\u00f0 um t\u00edma \u00ed talm\u00e1li \u00e1\u00f0ur en h\u00fan komst \u00e1 prent, eins og t\u00edtt er um t\u00f6kuor\u00f0, en elsta d\u00e6mi um hana \u00e1 t\u00edmarit.is <\/em>er \u00ed Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ubla\u00f0inu <\/em>1938: \u201e\u00deeir skr\u00fabba og spl\u00e6sa og sp\u00fala dekk.\u201c \u00cd V\u00edsi <\/em>1939 segir: \u201eEg held, a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e9r \u00e6ttu\u00f0 a\u00f0 byrja a\u00f0 \u201esp\u00fala\u201c \u00feilfari\u00f0.\u201c \u00cd V\u00edsi <\/em>1940 segir: \u201etveir sj\u00f3menn komu inn me\u00f0 f\u00f6tur fullar af vatni, skvettu \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1 g\u00f3lfi\u00f0 og byrju\u00f0u a\u00f0 \u201esp\u00fala\u201c \u00fea\u00f0.\u201c \u00cd V\u00edsi <\/em>1944 segir: \u201e\u00dea\u00f0 er v\u00edst \u00f3\u00fearfi a\u00f0 \u201esp\u00fala dekk\u201c \u00e1 \u00feessum tundurspilli.\u201c Notkunin vex svo um mi\u00f0jan fimmta \u00e1ratuginn en framan af er s\u00f6gnin oft h\u00f6f\u00f0 innan g\u00e6salappa.<\/p>\n

En elsta d\u00e6mi sem \u00e9g finn um sm\u00fala <\/em>\u00ed merkingunni 'sp\u00fala' \u00e1 t\u00edmarit.is <\/em>er \u00ed Eyjabla\u00f0inu <\/em>1947: \u201eFyrst er a\u00f0 \u00fevo b\u00e1tinn, sm\u00fala eins og vi\u00f0 segjum.\u201c \u00cd vi\u00f0tali \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1961 segir: \u201eG\u00f3\u00f0an dag, \u00fei\u00f0 eru\u00f0 a\u00f0 sm\u00fala gangst\u00e9ttarnar.\u201c \u00cd \u00feetta er v\u00edsa\u00f0 \u00ed \u00cdslendingi <\/em>viku s\u00ed\u00f0ar og sagt: \u201e\u00de\u00e1 er sagt \u00ed s\u00f6mu grein fr\u00e1 m\u00f6nnum, er voru a\u00f0 \u00fevo gangst\u00e9ttar me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 d\u00e6la \u00e1 \u00fe\u00e6r vatni. En \u00feeir eru ekki l\u00e1tnir vera a\u00f0 \u00fevo st\u00e9ttarnar heldur sm\u00fala \u00fe\u00e6r. \u00c9g hef spurt nokkra menn um s\u00f6gnina a\u00f0 sm\u00fala \u00ed merkingunni \u00fevo, og kannast enginn \u00feeirra vi\u00f0.\u201c Eftir \u00feetta fer d\u00e6mum um sm\u00fala <\/em>\u00ed \u00feessari merkingu sm\u00e1tt og sm\u00e1tt fj\u00f6lgandi \u00fe\u00f3tt s\u00f6gnin s\u00e9 oftar notu\u00f0 \u00ed merkingunni 'smygla' fram um 1980, en yngsta d\u00e6mi sem \u00e9g fann um \u00fe\u00e1 merkingu \u00ed sm\u00fala <\/em>er fr\u00e1 1989.<\/p>\n

Hvernig stendur \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 sp\u00fala <\/em>var\u00f0 sm\u00fala<\/em>? Hlj\u00f3\u00f0in p <\/em>[p] og m<\/em> [m] eru mj\u00f6g skyld \u2013 b\u00e6\u00f0i varahlj\u00f3\u00f0, myndu\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 loka v\u00f6runum og st\u00f6\u00f0va \u00feannig loftstrauminn fr\u00e1 lungunum. Munurinn er s\u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00ed p<\/em> er alger lokun, en \u00ed m<\/em> fer loftstraumurinn \u00fat um nefi\u00f0 \u00ed sta\u00f0inn. \u00dea\u00f0 er vel \u00feekkt a\u00f0 \u00ed or\u00f0um \u00fear sem nefhlj\u00f3\u00f0 (m <\/em>e\u00f0a n<\/em>) e\u00f0a hli\u00f0arhlj\u00f3\u00f0 (l<\/em>) fer n\u00e6st \u00e1 eftir s <\/em>\u00ed upphafi or\u00f0s kemur stutt lokhlj\u00f3\u00f0 \u00e1 eftir s <\/em>vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 loka\u00f0 er fyrir loftstrauminn \u00ed munni \u00e1\u00f0ur en opna\u00f0 er fyrir strauminn um nef (\u00ed m <\/em>og n<\/em>) e\u00f0a til hli\u00f0ar vi\u00f0 tunguna (\u00ed l<\/em>). \u00deetta lokhlj\u00f3\u00f0 er stundum kalla\u00f0 \u201esn\u00edkihlj\u00f3\u00f0\u201c vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 sn\u00edkir s\u00e9r \u00fearna inn \u2013 \u00feetta er hlj\u00f3\u00f0 sem vi\u00f0 \u00e6tlum ekkert a\u00f0 mynda og gerum okkur oftast ekki grein fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 kemur \u00fearna \u00e1 milli.<\/p>\n

Or\u00f0 sem byrja \u00e1 sm-<\/em> \u00ed stafsetningu eins og sm\u00e1r <\/em>og sm\u00ed\u00f0a <\/em>eru i\u00f0ulega borin fram spm\u00e1r<\/em> [spmau\u02d0r] og spm\u00ed\u00f0a<\/em> [spmi\u02d0\u00f0a] \u00fe\u00f3tt vi\u00f0 t\u00f6kum venjulega ekki eftir \u00fev\u00ed vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 erum svo bundin vi\u00f0 stafsetninguna. E\u00f0lilegur frambur\u00f0ur or\u00f0s eins og sm\u00fala <\/em>er \u00fev\u00ed spm\u00fala<\/em> [spmu\u02d0la] og breytingin fr\u00e1 sp\u00fala <\/em>[spu\u02d0la] er \u00fev\u00ed mj\u00f6g l\u00edtil. Gu\u00f0r\u00fan Kvaran nefnir \u00ed grein<\/a> \u00e1 V\u00edsindavefnum <\/em>a\u00f0 hugsanlega geti tilvist sm\u00fala <\/em>\u00ed merkingunni 'smygla' \u201ehafa valdi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hli\u00f0armyndin var\u00f0 til\u201c.\u00a0M\u00e9r finnst \u00fea\u00f0 ekki tr\u00falegt \u00fear sem merkingin er \u00f3skyld, en vissulega eru \u00feau tengsl \u00fearna \u00e1 milli a\u00f0 notendah\u00f3purinn var svipa\u00f0ur \u00ed upphafi \u2013 smygl tengdist oft sj\u00f3m\u00f6nnum og sp\u00fala <\/em>var \u00ed upphafi einkum notu\u00f0 um \u00fevott \u00e1 sj\u00f3, \u00ed samb\u00f6ndum eins og sp\u00fala dekk<\/em> \/ \u00feilfar<\/em> \/ lest <\/em>o.s.frv.<\/p>\n

\u00cd n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li vir\u00f0ast myndirnar sp\u00fala <\/em>og sm\u00fala <\/em>vera nota\u00f0ar nokku\u00f0 j\u00f6fnum h\u00f6ndum \u2013 \u00ed Risam\u00e1lheildinni <\/em>eru r\u00fam 1400 d\u00e6mi um \u00fe\u00e1 fyrrnefndu en t\u00e6p 1200 um \u00fe\u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0arnefndu. \u00c1\u00f0urnefnd grein Gu\u00f0r\u00fanar Kvaran \u00e1 V\u00edsindavefnum <\/em>er svar vi\u00f0 spurningunni \u201eEr r\u00e9ttara a\u00f0 segja \u201esp\u00fala\u201c e\u00f0a \u201esm\u00fala\u201c um a\u00f0 skola plan, dekk \u00e1 b\u00e1ti e\u00f0a st\u00e9tt me\u00f0 kraftmikilli vatnssl\u00f6ngu?\u201c en Gu\u00f0r\u00fan svarar \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed raun ekki. \u00a0\u00cd M\u00e1lfarsbankanum <\/em>er engin athugasemd ger\u00f0 vi\u00f0 or\u00f0in, a\u00f0eins sagt<\/a>: \u201eOr\u00f0i\u00f0 sm\u00fala<\/strong> er s\u00f6mu merkingar og sp\u00fala<\/strong>.\u201c Aldursmunur or\u00f0anna er l\u00edtill, og \u00fea\u00f0 m\u00e1 m.a.s. alveg f\u00e6ra r\u00f6k fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 sm\u00fala <\/em>s\u00e9 \u00ed vissum skilningi \u201e\u00edslenskara\u201c or\u00f0 en sp\u00fala <\/em>vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 er einhvers konar \u00edslensk n\u00fdmyndun en ekki bein endur\u00f3mun dansks or\u00f0.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cd g\u00e6r var h\u00e9r spurt hvort f\u00f3lk nota\u00f0i s\u00f6gnina sp\u00fala e\u00f0a sm\u00fala. \u00deessi spurning kemur \u00f6\u00f0ru hvoru upp b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed \u00feessum h\u00f3pi og \u00f6\u00f0rum m\u00e1lfarsh\u00f3pum og \u00feess vegna fannst m\u00e9r m\u00e1l til komi\u00f0 a\u00f0 gera \u00feessu skil. \u00cd \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k er s\u00f6gnin sm\u00fala flettior\u00f0 en ekki sk\u00fdr\u00f0 heldur v\u00edsa\u00f0 \u00e1 sp\u00fala sem er sk\u00fdr\u00f0 'skola […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6746","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6746","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6746"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6746\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6753,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6746\/revisions\/6753"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6746"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6746"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6746"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}