{"id":6762,"date":"2024-08-25T11:31:17","date_gmt":"2024-08-25T11:31:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=6762"},"modified":"2024-08-25T11:42:00","modified_gmt":"2024-08-25T11:42:00","slug":"hiti-null-gradur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2024\/08\/25\/hiti-null-gradur\/","title":{"rendered":"Hiti n\u00fall gr\u00e1\u00f0ur"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cd g\u00e6r var h\u00e9r spurt hvers vegna v\u00e6ri notu\u00f0 fleirtala nafnor\u00f0s me\u00f0 <em>n\u00fall <\/em>\u2013 upphaflega var teki\u00f0 d\u00e6mi\u00f0 <em>n\u00fall hestar<\/em> en vissulega er r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 notum sjaldan <em>n\u00fall <\/em>me\u00f0 nafnor\u00f0um \u00e1 \u00feennan h\u00e1tt. Helst er \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed d\u00e6mum eins og <em>n\u00fall gr\u00e1\u00f0ur <\/em>sem bent var \u00e1 \u00ed umr\u00e6\u00f0um, og \u00fe\u00e1 er alltaf h\u00f6f\u00f0 fleirtala. \u00deetta er mj\u00f6g g\u00f3\u00f0 spurning og svari\u00f0 liggur ekki alveg \u00ed augum uppi, en gefur tilefni til vangaveltna um st\u00f6\u00f0u og hlutverk fyrirb\u00e6risins <strong>tala<\/strong> \u00ed m\u00e1linu. Vi\u00f0 erum v\u00f6n a\u00f0 segja a\u00f0 <strong>eintala<\/strong> v\u00edsi til eins eintaks e\u00f0a tilviks e\u00f0a einingar af \u00fev\u00ed sem um er r\u00e6tt og \u00feess vegna segjum vi\u00f0 <em>ein gr\u00e1\u00f0<strong>a<\/strong><\/em>, <strong>fleirtala<\/strong> til fleiri en eins og \u00feess vegna segjum vi\u00f0 <em>tv\u00e6r gr\u00e1\u00f0<strong>ur<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 en hvora t\u00f6luna \u00e1 a\u00f0 nota \u00feegar hvorki er v\u00edsa\u00f0 til einnar einingar n\u00e9 fleiri, heldur engrar eins og <em>n\u00fall<\/em> gerir?<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e9r er r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 benda \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed fer fjarri a\u00f0 sambandi\u00f0 milli m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegrar t\u00f6lu og fj\u00f6lda \u00feess sem um er r\u00e6tt s\u00e9 alltaf eins einfalt og nefnt var h\u00e9r a\u00f0 framan. \u00dea\u00f0 er au\u00f0vita\u00f0 al\u00feekkt a\u00f0 \u00e1 eftir t\u00f6luor\u00f0um sem enda \u00e1 <em>einum<\/em> kemur eintala \u2013 vi\u00f0 segjum <em>tuttugu og ein gr\u00e1\u00f0<strong>a <\/strong><\/em>og <em>\u00fe\u00fasund og ein n<strong>\u00f3<\/strong>t<strong>t<\/strong> <\/em>en ekki *<em>tuttugu og ein gr\u00e1\u00f0<strong>ur<\/strong><\/em> og *<em>\u00fe\u00fasund og ein n<strong>\u00e6<\/strong>t<strong>ur<\/strong> <\/em>\u00fe\u00f3tt <em>gr\u00e1\u00f0urnar<\/em> og <em>n\u00e6turnar<\/em> s\u00e9u margar. \u00deetta er m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ileg regla sem \u00fearna tekur v\u00f6ldin af merkingunni, ef svo m\u00e1 segja \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 er seinasti li\u00f0ur t\u00f6lunnar en ekki talan \u00ed heild sem r\u00e6\u00f0ur t\u00f6lu nafnor\u00f0sins. \u00cd \u00fdmsum m\u00e1lum er notu\u00f0 fleirtala \u00ed sl\u00edkum tilvikum, en \u00edslenska hefur alltaf haft \u00fearna eint\u00f6lu. Fyrir \u00fev\u00ed er engin s\u00e9rst\u00f6k \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a \u2013 \u00feetta er ein af \u00feessum m\u00e1lvenjum sem vi\u00f0 kunnum ekki sk\u00fdringu \u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dea\u00f0 er hins vegar ekki v\u00edst a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum \u00f6ll \u00e1tta\u00f0 okkur \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 notum oft eint\u00f6lu sumra nafnor\u00f0a me\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum t\u00f6lum en \u00feeim sem enda \u00e1 <em>einum<\/em>. Vi\u00f0 segjum <em>einnar gr\u00e1\u00f0<strong>u<\/strong> frost<\/em>, en vi\u00f0 segjum l\u00edka oft <em>tveggja gr\u00e1\u00f0<strong>u<\/strong> frost<\/em>, <em>\u00feriggja gr\u00e1\u00f0<strong>u<\/strong> frost<\/em> o.s.frv. frekar en <em>tveggja gr\u00e1\u00f0<\/em>(<strong><em>n<\/em><\/strong>)<strong><em>a<\/em><\/strong><em> frost<\/em>, <em>\u00feriggja gr\u00e1\u00f0<\/em>(<strong><em>n<\/em><\/strong>)<strong><em>a<\/em><\/strong><em> frost <\/em>o.s.frv. \u2013 notum sem s\u00e9 eignarfall eint\u00f6lu frekar en fleirt\u00f6lu \u00fe\u00f3tt gr\u00e1\u00f0urnar s\u00e9u fleiri en ein. \u00c1 <em>t\u00edmarit.is<\/em> er allt a\u00f0 \u00ferisvar sinnum algengara a\u00f0 nota eint\u00f6lu en fleirt\u00f6lu \u00ed sl\u00edkum d\u00e6mum. Samb\u00e6rileg d\u00e6mi m\u00e1 finna me\u00f0 fleiri <a href=\"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2021\/01\/25\/eintala-og-fleirtala-i-samsetningum\/\">veikum kvenkynsor\u00f0um<\/a>, t.d. <em>fimm stj\u00f6rn<strong>u<\/strong> h\u00f3tel<\/em>, <em>24 per<strong>u<\/strong> lj\u00f3sabekkir<\/em>. \u00dea\u00f0 er vel \u00feekkt a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 vir\u00f0umst oft for\u00f0ast eignarfall fleirt\u00f6lu af veikum kvenkynsor\u00f0um, e.t.v. vegna \u00f3vissu um hvort \u00fea\u00f0 eigi a\u00f0 vera <em>-a<\/em> e\u00f0a <em>-na<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00deetta s\u00fdnir gl\u00f6ggt a\u00f0 formleg tala nafnor\u00f0s sem stendur me\u00f0 t\u00f6luor\u00f0i hefur engin \u00e1hrif \u00e1 merkingu sambandsins \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 er alltaf t\u00f6luor\u00f0i\u00f0 sem r\u00e6\u00f0ur merkingunni. Merkingarlega skiptir au\u00f0vita\u00f0 engu m\u00e1li hvort vi\u00f0 notum eint\u00f6lu e\u00f0a fleirt\u00f6lu me\u00f0 <em>n\u00fall<\/em> \u2013 strangt teki\u00f0 m\u00e1 halda \u00fev\u00ed fram a\u00f0 hvort tveggja s\u00e9 jafn \u00f3e\u00f0lilegt vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 <em>n\u00fall <\/em>v\u00edsar hvorki til einnar einingar n\u00e9 fleiri. Vi\u00f0 getum hugsa\u00f0 okkur a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 sj\u00e1lfgefi\u00f0 \u00ed m\u00e1linu a\u00f0 hafa nafnor\u00f0 sem stendur me\u00f0 t\u00f6luor\u00f0i \u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu \u2013 eina undantekningin fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed er ef talan endar \u00e1 <em>einum<\/em>. \u00deess vegna segjum vi\u00f0 <em>n\u00fall gr\u00e1\u00f0ur <\/em>\u2013 <em>n\u00fall <\/em>fellur ekki undir undantekninguna og \u00fev\u00ed kemur sj\u00e1lfgefin tala fram, \u00fe.e. fleirtala. \u00dea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri svo sem h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 segja <em>n\u00fall gr\u00e1\u00f0a<\/em> \u2013 en \u00fea\u00f0 er bara ekki m\u00e1lvenja.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cd g\u00e6r var h\u00e9r spurt hvers vegna v\u00e6ri notu\u00f0 fleirtala nafnor\u00f0s me\u00f0 n\u00fall \u2013 upphaflega var teki\u00f0 d\u00e6mi\u00f0 n\u00fall hestar en vissulega er r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 notum sjaldan n\u00fall me\u00f0 nafnor\u00f0um \u00e1 \u00feennan h\u00e1tt. Helst er \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed d\u00e6mum eins og n\u00fall gr\u00e1\u00f0ur sem bent var \u00e1 \u00ed umr\u00e6\u00f0um, og \u00fe\u00e1 er alltaf h\u00f6f\u00f0 fleirtala. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6762","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6762","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6762"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6762\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6764,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6762\/revisions\/6764"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6762"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6762"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6762"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}