{"id":6957,"date":"2024-10-21T09:20:24","date_gmt":"2024-10-21T09:20:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=6957"},"modified":"2024-10-21T09:20:24","modified_gmt":"2024-10-21T09:20:24","slug":"a-ad-segja-nidurstodur-profkjoranna-eda-profkjaranna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2024\/10\/21\/a-ad-segja-nidurstodur-profkjoranna-eda-profkjaranna\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c1 a\u00f0 segja ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur pr\u00f3fkj\u00f6ranna e\u00f0a pr\u00f3fkjaranna?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Eins og vi\u00f0 er a\u00f0 b\u00faast \u00feegar kosningar n\u00e1lgast ber or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>pr\u00f3fkj\u00f6r <\/em>stundum \u00e1 g\u00f3ma, \u00fe\u00f3tt minna s\u00e9 reyndar um pr\u00f3fkj\u00f6r n\u00fa en venjulega vegna skamms fyrirvara \u00e1 kosningum. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 er h\u00e1lfrar annarrar aldar gamalt \u00ed m\u00e1linu \u2013 elsta d\u00e6mi um \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00ed <em>V\u00edkverja <\/em>1874: \u201eNokkru \u00e1 undan kj\u00f6r\u00feingi koma menn erlendis saman, \u00feeir er kj\u00f3sa eiga, og halda p\u00e1 pr\u00f3fkj\u00f6r.\u201c En or\u00f0i\u00f0 s\u00e9st ekki aftur \u00e1 <em>t\u00edmarit.is <\/em>fyrr en r\u00famri h\u00e1lfri \u00f6ld s\u00ed\u00f0ar og var s\u00e1rasjaldg\u00e6ft lengi vel. Upphaflega v\u00edsa\u00f0i \u00fea\u00f0 til a\u00f0fer\u00f0arinnar <em>pr\u00f3fkj\u00f6r<\/em> fremur en einstakra kosninga, eins og \u00ed \u201eSj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0ismenn bo\u00f0a til pr\u00f3fkj\u00f6rs \u00ed \u00f6llum kj\u00f6rd\u00e6mum\u201c \u00ed <em>Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2009 og var \u00fe\u00e1 e\u00f0lilega eing\u00f6ngu nota\u00f0 \u00ed eint\u00f6lu, en um mi\u00f0ja \u00f6ldina var fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 nota \u00fea\u00f0 til a\u00f0 v\u00edsa til einstakra kosninga.<\/p>\n<p>Samfara \u00feessari breytingu snarfj\u00f6lga\u00f0i d\u00e6mum um or\u00f0i\u00f0, og breytingin kalla\u00f0i \u00e1 a\u00f0 h\u00e6gt v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 nota or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu. Elsta d\u00e6mi sem \u00e9g finn um fleirt\u00f6luna er \u00ed <em>T\u00edmanum <\/em>1946: \u201eMi\u00f0stj\u00f3rnarma\u00f0ur flokksins \u00ed Su\u00f0ur-\u00deingeyjars\u00fdslu [\u2026] f\u00e6r\u00f0i almenn pr\u00f3fkj\u00f6r flokksmanna \u00ed s\u00fdslunni tal vi\u00f0 hann \u00ed vetur.\u201c \u00cd <em>T\u00edmanum <\/em>1952 segir: \u201eEins og sakir standa er erfitt a\u00f0 sp\u00e1 um \u00farslitin \u00ed pr\u00f3fkj\u00f6runum hj\u00e1 republik\u00f6num.\u201c En ekki hugna\u00f0ist \u00f6llum \u00feetta \u2013 \u00ed br\u00e9fi \u00ed \u00fe\u00e6ttinum \u201e\u00cdslenskt m\u00e1l\u201c \u00ed <em>Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1986 <a href=\"https:\/\/timarit.is\/page\/1642314?iabr=on#page\/n31\/mode\/1up\/\">sag\u00f0i<\/a> a\u00f0 \u201eekki fyrir margt l\u00f6ngu\u201c hef\u00f0i or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u201efalli\u00f0 \u00ed kviksyndi fleirt\u00f6lunnar\u201c og G\u00edsli J\u00f3nsson sag\u00f0i \u00ed sama \u00fe\u00e6tti: \u201e<strong>Pr\u00f3fkj\u00f6r<\/strong> fer illa \u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu\u201c og b\u00e6tti vi\u00f0: \u201eHugsum okkur bara eignarfalli\u00f0. \u00c1 \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 vera <strong>pr\u00f3fkjara <\/strong>e\u00f0a <strong>pr\u00f3fkj\u00f6ra<\/strong>?\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Elstu d\u00e6mi um b\u00e1\u00f0ar eignarfallsmyndirnar eru jafng\u00f6mul, fr\u00e1 \u00e1rinu 1970. \u00cd <em>Beygingarl\u00fdsingu \u00edslensks n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls <\/em>eru b\u00e1\u00f0ar myndir <a href=\"https:\/\/bin.arnastofnun.is\/leit\/pr%C3%B3fkj%C3%B6r\">gefnar<\/a> og \u00ed athugasemd \u00fear vi\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>kj\u00f6r <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/bin.arnastofnun.is\/beyging\/486362\">segir<\/a>: \u201e\u00cd merkingunni <em>skilm\u00e1lar<\/em>; <em>hagur<\/em>; <em>laun <\/em>er or\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0eins nota\u00f0 \u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu og \u00fear er eignarfalli\u00f0 alltaf <strong>kjara<\/strong>\u201c en \u201e\u00cd merkingunni <em>val<\/em>, <em>kosning<\/em> er or\u00f0i\u00f0 yfirleitt haft \u00ed eint\u00f6lu. \u00cd \u00feessari merkingu er fleirtalan f\u00e1g\u00e6tari og \u00fe\u00e1 er eignarfalli\u00f0 yfirleitt <strong>kj\u00f6ra<\/strong>, t.d. \u00ed samsetta or\u00f0inu <strong>pr\u00f3fkj\u00f6r<\/strong>.\u201c \u00deetta er \u00fe\u00f3 ekki r\u00e9tt \u2013 \u00e1 <em>t\u00edmarit.is <\/em>er hlutfalli\u00f0 milli <em>pr\u00f3fkjara <\/em>og <em>pr\u00f3fkj\u00f6ra <\/em>u.\u00fe.b. 3:4, en \u00ed <em>Risam\u00e1lheildinni <\/em>er \u00fea\u00f0 u.\u00fe.b. 5,5:4,5. Myndin <em>pr\u00f3fkjara<\/em> s\u00e6kir \u00fev\u00ed greinilega \u00e1 og \u00ed <em>M\u00e1lfarsbankanum <\/em>er ekki gert upp \u00e1 milli myndanna og <a href=\"https:\/\/malfar.arnastofnun.is\/grein\/66243\">sagt<\/a>: \u201eEf.ft. pr\u00f3fkjara e\u00f0a pr\u00f3fkj\u00f6ra.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Langflest hvorugkynsor\u00f0 sem hafa <em>\u00f6 <\/em>\u00ed stofni \u00ed nefnifalli, \u00feolfalli og \u00fe\u00e1gufalli fleirt\u00f6lu f\u00e1 <em>a <\/em>\u00ed eignarfalli fleirt\u00f6lu. \u00deetta eru or\u00f0 eins og <em>b\u00f6rn \u2013 barna<\/em>, <em>l\u00f6nd \u2013 landa<\/em>, <em>g\u00f6t <\/em>\u2013 <em>gata<\/em> o.m.fl. Sama gildir um or\u00f0 sem a\u00f0eins eru til \u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu (\u00ed tiltekinni merkingu) eins og <em>kj\u00f6r<\/em>, <em>l\u00f6g <\/em>o.fl. \u2013 eignarfall \u00feeirra er <em>kjara <\/em>og <em>laga<\/em>. \u00dat fr\u00e1 \u00feessu mynstri m\u00e6tti b\u00faast vi\u00f0 eignarfallinu <em>pr\u00f3fkjara<\/em> af nefnifalli fleirt\u00f6lu <em>pr\u00f3fkj\u00f6r<\/em>. En \u00f6fugt vi\u00f0 <em>pr\u00f3fkj\u00f6r <\/em>hafa \u00feessi or\u00f0 <em>a <\/em>\u00ed stofni \u00ed eint\u00f6lunni, ef \u00feau hafa eint\u00f6lu \u00e1 anna\u00f0 bor\u00f0: <em>barn<\/em>, <em>land<\/em>, <em>gat<\/em>. Hvorugkynsor\u00f0 sem hafa <em>\u00f6 <\/em>\u00ed stofni \u00ed eint\u00f6lunni, eins og <em>pr\u00f3fkj\u00f6r<\/em>, halda \u00fev\u00ed hins vegar \u00ed allri fleirt\u00f6lunni \u2013 l\u00edka eignarfalli. \u00deetta eru or\u00f0 eins og <em>r\u00f6r<\/em>, <em>uppgj\u00f6r<\/em>, <em>\u00f6r <\/em>sem eru <em>r\u00f6ra<\/em>, <em>uppgj\u00f6ra<\/em>, <em>\u00f6ra<\/em> \u00ed eignarfalli fleirt\u00f6lu \u2013 ekki *<em>rara<\/em>, *<em>uppgjara<\/em>, *<em>ara<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00deegar m\u00e1lnotendur \u00feurfa a\u00f0 nota tilt\u00f6lulega sjaldg\u00e6far beygingarmyndir eins og eignarfall fleirt\u00f6lu, sem \u00f3v\u00edst er a\u00f0 \u00feeir hafi l\u00e6rt s\u00e9rstaklega, leita \u00feeir \u2013 \u00f3sj\u00e1lfr\u00e1tt og \u00f3me\u00f0vita\u00f0 \u2013 a\u00f0 mynstri til a\u00f0 fara eftir, og \u00ed \u00feessu tilviki er um tvennt a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a. Annars vegar er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 mi\u00f0a vi\u00f0 beygingard\u00e6mi\u00f0 \u00ed heild og \u00fe\u00e1 ver\u00f0ur eignarfalli\u00f0 <em>pr\u00f3fkj\u00f6ra <\/em>af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 hefur <em>\u00f6<\/em> \u00ed stofni \u00ed eint\u00f6lunni. Hins vegar er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 mi\u00f0a eing\u00f6ngu vi\u00f0 fleirt\u00f6luna og \u00fe\u00e1 ver\u00f0ur eignarfalli\u00f0 <em>pr\u00f3fkjara<\/em> af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00feannig er \u00fea\u00f0 oftast af or\u00f0um me\u00f0 <em>\u00f6 <\/em>\u00ed nefnifalli fleirt\u00f6lu \u2013 auk \u00feess sem l\u00edklegt er a\u00f0 eignarfall fleirt\u00f6luor\u00f0sins <em>kj\u00f6r <\/em>styrki \u00feessa mynd. En \u00feetta val milli mynstra getur veri\u00f0 truflandi \u2013 \u201eM\u00e9r \u00feykir hvort tveggja \u00e1l\u00edka hall\u00e6rislegt\u201c <a href=\"https:\/\/timarit.is\/page\/1642314?iabr=on#page\/n31\/mode\/1up\/\">sag\u00f0i<\/a> G\u00edsli J\u00f3nsson.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Eins og vi\u00f0 er a\u00f0 b\u00faast \u00feegar kosningar n\u00e1lgast ber or\u00f0i\u00f0 pr\u00f3fkj\u00f6r stundum \u00e1 g\u00f3ma, \u00fe\u00f3tt minna s\u00e9 reyndar um pr\u00f3fkj\u00f6r n\u00fa en venjulega vegna skamms fyrirvara \u00e1 kosningum. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 er h\u00e1lfrar annarrar aldar gamalt \u00ed m\u00e1linu \u2013 elsta d\u00e6mi um \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00ed V\u00edkverja 1874: \u201eNokkru \u00e1 undan kj\u00f6r\u00feingi koma menn erlendis saman, \u00feeir [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6957","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6957","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6957"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6957\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6958,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6957\/revisions\/6958"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6957"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6957"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6957"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}