{"id":7138,"date":"2025-02-18T10:43:20","date_gmt":"2025-02-18T10:43:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=7138"},"modified":"2025-02-19T17:26:38","modified_gmt":"2025-02-19T17:26:38","slug":"allar-godar-vaettir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2025\/02\/18\/allar-godar-vaettir\/","title":{"rendered":"Allar g\u00f3\u00f0ar v\u00e6ttir"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00fdlega var h\u00e9r umr\u00e6\u00f0a um kyn nafnor\u00f0sins <em>v\u00e6ttur<\/em>. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 er upphaflega kvenkynsor\u00f0 og beygist \u00fe\u00e1 <em>v\u00e6ttur <\/em>\u2013 <em>v\u00e6tti <\/em>\u2013 <em>v\u00e6tti <\/em>\u2013 <em>v\u00e6ttar<\/em> \u00ed eint\u00f6lu og <em>v\u00e6ttir <\/em>\u2013 <em>v\u00e6ttir <\/em>\u2013 <em>v\u00e6ttum <\/em>\u2013 <em>v\u00e6tta <\/em>\u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu. En vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 hefur hina venjulegu nefnifallsendingu karlkynsor\u00f0a <em>-ur<\/em>, sem mj\u00f6g f\u00e1 kvenkynsor\u00f0 hafa, hefur lengi veri\u00f0 r\u00edk tilhneiging til a\u00f0 hafa \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed karlkyni og m\u00e1 finna \u00feess d\u00e6mi \u00feegar \u00ed fornm\u00e1li. \u00de\u00e1 er beygingin <em>v\u00e6ttur <\/em>\u2013 <em>v\u00e6tt <\/em>\u2013 <em>v\u00e6tti <\/em>\u2013 <em>v\u00e6ttar <\/em>\u00ed eint\u00f6lu og <em>v\u00e6ttir <\/em>\u2013 <em>v\u00e6tti <\/em>\u2013 <em>v\u00e6ttum <\/em>\u2013 <em>v\u00e6tta <\/em>\u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu. Beygingin fellur \u00fev\u00ed saman \u00ed \u00f6llum f\u00f6llum nema \u00feolfalli eint\u00f6lu og fleirt\u00f6lu, og oft ver\u00f0ur \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0a kyni\u00f0 af me\u00f0fylgjandi l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0i e\u00f0a fornafni. En ef or\u00f0i\u00f0 er me\u00f0 greini er samfall a\u00f0eins \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gufalli og eignarfalli fleirt\u00f6lu \u2013 <em>v\u00e6ttunum <\/em>og <em>v\u00e6ttanna<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 gefa or\u00f0inu karlkyn er leitast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 laga \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 m\u00e1lkerfinu \u00fear sem <em>-ur<\/em> er d\u00e6miger\u00f0 karlkynsending eins og \u00e1\u00f0ur segir, en einnig eru d\u00e6mi um a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 s\u00e9 laga\u00f0 a\u00f0 venjulegri beygingu kvenkynsor\u00f0a me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 klippa endinguna af og hafa nefnifalli\u00f0 <em>v\u00e6tt<\/em>. En karlkyni\u00f0 hefur lengi veri\u00f0 svo algengt a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 hefur \u00f6\u00f0last vi\u00f0urkenningu \u00ed formlegu m\u00e1li \u2013 \u201eUpphaflega var nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 <strong>v\u00e6ttur<\/strong> kvenkynsor\u00f0 en t\u00ed\u00f0kast n\u00fa ekki s\u00ed\u00f0ur \u00ed karlkyni\u201c <a href=\"https:\/\/malfar.arnastofnun.is\/grein\/65988\">segir<\/a> <em>M\u00e1lfarsbankinn<\/em>. \u00cd <em>\u00cdslensk-danskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>fr\u00e1 1920-1924 er or\u00f0i\u00f0 <a href=\"https:\/\/blondal.arnastofnun.is\/faersla\/257265\">gefi\u00f0<\/a> sem kvenkynsor\u00f0 en \u201epop.\u201c sem karlkynsor\u00f0, \u00fe.e. \u00ed talm\u00e1li. \u00cd b\u00f3k Valt\u00fds Gu\u00f0mundssonar, <em>Islandsk Grammatik<\/em> fr\u00e1 1922, er or\u00f0i\u00f0 gefi\u00f0 sem karlkynsor\u00f0 en b\u00e6tt vi\u00f0 innan sviga: \u201eogsaa Huk.\u201c, \u00fe.e. \u201eeinnig kvenkynsor\u00f0\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ddmsar samsetningar eru til me\u00f0 <em>-v\u00e6ttur <\/em>sem seinni li\u00f0, \u00fe\u00e6r helstu <em>bjargv\u00e6ttur<\/em>, <em>hollv\u00e6ttur<\/em>, <em>landv\u00e6ttur<\/em>, <em>\u00f3v\u00e6ttur <\/em>og <em>verndarv\u00e6ttur<\/em>. Um \u00fe\u00e6r flestar e\u00f0a allar gildir hi\u00f0 sama, a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r koma fyrir b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed kvenkyni og karlkyni, en hins vegar er misjafnt hvort kyni\u00f0 er algengara. Or\u00f0in <em>hollv\u00e6ttur<\/em>, <em>landv\u00e6ttur <\/em>og <em>verndarv\u00e6ttur<\/em> eru algeng \u00ed b\u00e1\u00f0um kynjum og ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 skera \u00far um hvort s\u00e9 algengara. \u00cd fornu m\u00e1li er <em>\u00f3v\u00e6ttur <\/em>mun algengara \u00ed karlkyni en kvenkyni og svo er l\u00edklega enn \u00fe\u00f3tt erfitt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 fullyr\u00f0a um \u00fea\u00f0. En <em>bjargv\u00e6ttur <\/em>sker sig nokku\u00f0 \u00far \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 er margfalt algengara \u00ed karlkyni en kvenkyni. \u00c1 <em>t\u00edmarit.is <\/em>eru t.d. 13 d\u00e6mi um kvenkynsmyndina <em>bjargv\u00e6ttirnar <\/em>\u00ed nefnifalli fleirt\u00f6lu, en 625 um karlkynsmyndina <em>bjargv\u00e6ttirnir<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Sk\u00fdringarinnar er l\u00edklega a\u00f0 leita \u00ed mismunandi merkingartilbrig\u00f0um. \u00cd <em>\u00cdslensk-danskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>er kvenkynsmyndin sk\u00fdr\u00f0 'hj\u00e6lpende Aand, hj\u00e6lpsomt V\u00e6sen, Skytsaand' ('verndarandi' \u00ed <em>\u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em>) en karlkynsmyndin sem merkt er \u201epop.\u201c er sk\u00fdr\u00f0 'Hj\u00e6lper, Underst\u00f8tter, Befrier, Redningsmand' ('hj\u00e1lparhella, hj\u00e1lparma\u00f0ur' \u00ed <em>\u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em>). \u00cd flestum samsetningum er <em>v\u00e6ttur<\/em> sem s\u00e9 einhver yfirskilvitlega vera en \u00fea\u00f0 gildir ekki um algengustu notkun or\u00f0sins <em>bjargv\u00e6ttur<\/em>. Svo m\u00e1 velta \u00fev\u00ed fyrir s\u00e9r hvers vegna karlkyni\u00f0 s\u00e9 yfirgn\u00e6fandi \u00ed merkingunni 'hj\u00e1lparhella, hj\u00e1lparma\u00f0ur' \u2013 er \u00fea\u00f0 vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 d\u00e6miger\u00f0u <em>bjargv\u00e6ttur <\/em>\u00ed huga f\u00f3lks s\u00e9 karlma\u00f0ur? Um \u00fea\u00f0 er au\u00f0vita\u00f0 ekkert h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 fullyr\u00f0a.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00fdlega var h\u00e9r umr\u00e6\u00f0a um kyn nafnor\u00f0sins v\u00e6ttur. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 er upphaflega kvenkynsor\u00f0 og beygist \u00fe\u00e1 v\u00e6ttur \u2013 v\u00e6tti \u2013 v\u00e6tti \u2013 v\u00e6ttar \u00ed eint\u00f6lu og v\u00e6ttir \u2013 v\u00e6ttir \u2013 v\u00e6ttum \u2013 v\u00e6tta \u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu. En vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 hefur hina venjulegu nefnifallsendingu karlkynsor\u00f0a -ur, sem mj\u00f6g f\u00e1 kvenkynsor\u00f0 hafa, hefur lengi veri\u00f0 r\u00edk tilhneiging [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7138","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7138"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7138\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7147,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7138\/revisions\/7147"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7138"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7138"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7138"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}